TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Reporting bias occurs when the participant, consciously or unconsciously, provides incorrect information. This can happen when the participant tries to please the investigator by supplying the presumed "correct" answer.  2, record 1, English, - reporting%20bias

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le biais de déclaration («reporting bias») survient lorsqu'un sujet interrogé, en particulier sur des sujets sensibles (utilisation de stupéfiants, d'alcool, relations sexuelles ...) oriente inconsciemment ses réponses pour «plaire» à l'observateur ou a tendance à répondre selon les normes sociales en vigueur et donc à sur ou sous-déclarer des comportements réprouvés par la société.  2, record 1, French, - biais%20de%20d%C3%A9claration

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Deactivations... The author may decide to deactivate a record(i. e. change its status from Active to Inactive) for the following cases :incorrect record; identical duplicate record; record whose information is on another record; record whose entry term is plural when there is another record with the same concept and a singular entry term, or vice versa; single-language-module record(unless it is easy to complete) ;and record whose information has been transferred to another record.  1, record 2, English, - deactivation

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Désactivation [...] Le rédacteur peut choisir de désactiver une fiche, c'est-à-dire de faire passer une fiche de l'état Actif à Inactif, dans les cas suivants : fiche erronée; double identique; fiche dont les renseignements se trouvent sur une autre fiche; fiche dont la vedette est au pluriel quand il existe une autre fiche sur la même notion avec la vedette au singulier, ou l'inverse; demi-fiche (à moins qu'elle ne soit facile à compléter); fiche dont l'information a été reportée sur une autre fiche.  1, record 2, French, - d%C3%A9sactivation

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the process of analyzing data, especially when data comes from multiple sources[, and addressing] errors such as incorrect spellings, different ways of labeling the same information, inconsistent field length, missing values, and conflicting data, such as having two part numbers for the same part.  1, record 3, English, - data%20cleanup

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fee charged to research missing or incorrect customer information.  2, record 4, English, - wire%20investigation%20fee

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Frais facturés pour la recherche d'informations manquantes ou incorrectes d'un client.  2, record 4, French, - frais%20d%27enqu%C3%AAte%20par%20c%C3%A2ble

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Frais d'enquête par câble pour une erreur non attribuable à la banque.  3, record 4, French, - frais%20d%27enqu%C3%AAte%20par%20c%C3%A2ble

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Corporate fraud can include fraud by or against a company. Fraud against a company can happen through misappropriation of corporate assets by a company senior officer or by staff. Criminals use numerous methods to defraud companies for whom they work. These include fictitious revenues, concealed liabilities and expenses, and asset or revenue understatements or overstatements. Fraud by a company may be committed by providing incorrect or misleading information to shareholders or regulators, including financial reporting fraud-where incorrect or misleading information is provided for individual financial gain.  2, record 5, English, - corporate%20fraud

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fraude industrielle peut inclure les fraudes commises par une compagnie ou contre une compagnie. Par exemple, un cadre ou un employé qui détourne des biens de la compagnie commet une fraude contre une compagnie. Les criminels ont recours à de nombreuses méthodes pour frauder la compagnie pour laquelle ils travaillent, par exemple des revenus fictifs, un passif et des dépenses dissimulés, la sous-évaluation ou la surévaluation des biens. Dans le cas d'une fraude par une compagnie, il peut s'agir d'information incorrecte ou trompeuse transmise aux actionnaires ou aux autorités de réglementation, ce qui constitue également une fraude en matière de communication de l'information financière où la personne transmet de l'information incorrecte ou trompeuse à dessein de profit personnel.  2, record 5, French, - fraude%20d%27entreprise

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Graphic Feedback. Very effective feedback can be given graphically. Extended verbal explanations may sometimes be eliminated in favor of a well-placed arrow or picture. Figure... shows a display..., in which the student must identify points on a number line by indicating the numbers where balloons are located. When the student gives a correct number, a dart flies across the screen and pops a balloon. If the student gives an incorrect number, a dart flies across the screen and sticks in a part of the number line where there is no balloon. It is immediately obvious to most students when they are correct, or, when incorrect... The simple location of the dart with respect to the balloons conveys all of this information.  1, record 6, English, - graphic%20feedback

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rétroaction émanant du système sous la forme d'éléments graphiques apparaissant à l'écran suite à une réponse de l'apprenant.  2, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9troaction%20graphique

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les conditions et les actions de clôture peuvent également être laissées sous le contrôle de l'usager : arrêt d'une animation, introduction de préférences sur les modalités, le rythme de l'assistance, le type de rétroaction (graphique, textuelle ou verbale).  3, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9troaction%20graphique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Programmed learning. Derived from B. F. Skinner. Learners are given limited amount of information and proceed at their own pace from one content chunk to the next as they respond to prompts. Correct answers are rewarded, incorrect answers are corrected with immediate feedback.  3, record 7, English, - programmed%20learning

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Méthode d'enseignement] incluant une multitude de questions et dont les réponses sont accompagnées de renforcements au fur et à mesure de la progression de l'apprentissage.  3, record 7, French, - enseignement%20programm%C3%A9

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'enseignement programmé favorise une approche individualisée, où l'élève est au centre de son apprentissage et peut aller à son rythme. Cette formule pédagogique permet d'utiliser les TIC [technologies de l'information et de la communication] principalement comme outil de consultation et comme exerciseur. L'élève doit en effet consulter un certain nombre de documents avant de réaliser des exercices sur l'ordinateur qui lui permettent d'avancer dans le scénario.  4, record 7, French, - enseignement%20programm%C3%A9

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Remplacé par l'enseignement intelligemment assisté par ordinateur.  5, record 7, French, - enseignement%20programm%C3%A9

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método de instrucción que usa un material de exposición junto con preguntas acopladas a la lógica de bifurcación para fines remediales.  2, record 7, Spanish, - aprendizaje%20programado

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El aprendizaje programado se ha aplicado en libros llamados textos programados o en las computadoras (ordenadores) como instrucción asistida por la computadora (ordenador).  2, record 7, Spanish, - aprendizaje%20programado

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If a Web site is missing essential metadata, or if its metadata is inaccurate or incorrect, a search engine may fail to spot it or may retrieve information that is irrelevant to searchers.  1, record 8, English, - irrelevant%20information

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si des métadonnées essentielles ne sont pas comprises dans un site Web ou si les métadonnées sont inexactes ou incorrectes, le moteur de recherche ne les trouvera pas ou récuperera des renseignements non pertinents pour les utilisateurs.  1, record 8, French, - renseignement%20non%20pertinent

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Termes (et définitions) tirés des Guides de mise en place des métadonnées de la Normalisation des sites Internet.  2, record 8, French, - renseignement%20non%20pertinent

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are two major types of bugs : those that you are given information about, and those you have to discover yourself. The former are much easier to find and fix that are the latter.... Unknown errors are usually logical and occur when the program executes properly but does not do what you had intended it to do. An example of this would be a calculation using an incorrect formula. Such a program would be acceptable to the computer because it satisfied the command syntax, but on running would produce incorrect results.  2, record 9, English, - unknown%20error

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... in education, the information provided to a learner about what he has done.  2, record 10, English, - feedback

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 DEF

The information received by a learner immediately after each of his responses during a sequence of programmed instruction, which indicates the correctness (or otherwise) of the response.  3, record 10, English, - feedback

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 DEF

The reaction of a program to the student’s response ... Its primary function is to inform the student about the appropriateness of a response. Following correct responses, it may also provide reinforcement for the student. Following incorrect responses, it should provide correction, with the purpose of improving future performance.  4, record 10, English, - feedback

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The teacher's feedback can fulfill one or several objectives. It can identify for the student which steps of the work were correct and which were incorrect.... a teacher may observe that, while providing feedback, there was time during which to create a follow-up exercise which invites the student to rehearse information in the feedback just provided.  5, record 10, English, - feedback

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Feedback serves mainly to correct misunderstandings on the student’s part....  2, record 10, English, - feedback

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... generations of teacher education students ... have not been taught ... how to ask the right kinds of questions, how to react to students’ responses, how to give helpful corrections and feedback....  5, record 10, English, - feedback

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... there is little role for delivering cognitive diagnosis of errors in feedback and in many cases the tutor’s feedback should be minimal....  6, record 10, English, - feedback

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 5 CONT

... Kulhavy (1977) considers that "supplying feedback after an error is probably far more important than providing confirmation".  2, record 10, English, - feedback

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

information, évaluation ou réponse constructive fournie à l'élève par l'enseignant ou l'enseignante suite à une période d'apprentissage qui sert à assister l'élève dans son cheminement d'apprentissage.  3, record 10, French, - r%C3%A9troaction

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 DEF

[...] aide que fournit le logiciel relativement à son propre contenu ou à son utilisation (exemple : «Ta réponse est incomplète. Lis bien les explications qui suivent.» ou «Veux-tu vraiment quitter le logiciel?»)  4, record 10, French, - r%C3%A9troaction

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Approches pédagogiques : Infrastructure pour la pratique de l'enseignement, ministère de l'Éducation de la Saskatchewan, 1993.  3, record 10, French, - r%C3%A9troaction

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Feedback that] serves mainly to correct misunderstandings on the student’s part... Feedback can range from a simple yes/no to the provision of substantial corrective information, which can itself take on the form of new instruction.  2, record 11, English, - corrective%20feedback

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Feedback should be corrective. It should provide the student with information to improve future performance. Simply saying "incorrect" after a response is not corrective. A potential danger of corrective feedback is that it may increase student errors. Simple corrective feedback, such as "No, the correct answer is Abraham Lincoln, "does not generally act as a reinforcer....  3, record 11, English, - corrective%20feedback

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The "branching programs" ... offered corrective feedback as well as adapted their teaching to students’ responses.  4, record 11, English, - corrective%20feedback

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rétroaction qui émane du système et qui renseigne l'apprenant sur la source de son (ou de ses) erreur(s), afin de lui permettre d'améliorer ultérieurement sa performance.  1, record 11, French, - r%C3%A9troaction%20de%20redressement%20d%27erreur

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si l'élève fournit une réponse alors qu'il dispose de toute l'information nécessaire mais que cette réponse s'avère erronée, un feedback de redressement d'erreurs lui sera proposé.  2, record 11, French, - r%C3%A9troaction%20de%20redressement%20d%27erreur

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Measurement Method : The number of adjustments required after service order information is input into the billing system because of errors which would result in incorrect billing; the number of such adjustments is expressed as a percentage of total service orders processed.  1, record 12, English, - accuracy%2Dservice%20orders

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Méthode d'évaluation : Pourcentage de rajustements requis après que les données sur la demande de service ont été introduites dans le système de facturation (à cause d'erreurs résultant d'une facturation incorrecte) par rapport au nombre total de demandes de service traitées.  1, record 12, French, - exactitude%20des%20demandes%20de%20service

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An important variant of concept learning from examples is the incremental concept refinement, where the input information includes, in addition to the training examples, previously-learned hypotheses, or human-provided initial hypotheses that my be partially incorrect or incomplete.  1, record 13, English, - concept%20refinement

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Affinage de la structure conceptuelle. Une représentation adéquate de la structure conceptuelle, telle que la représentation causale (...), en facilite l'analyse. Cette analyse est destinée à produire des questions focalisées et pertinentes à poser au maître, en vue d'obtenir une version affinée de la structure conceptuelle.  1, record 13, French, - affinage%20de%20la%20structure%20conceptuelle

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At the University of Sheffield..., a system called skip branching was developed(Kay and Sime, 1963). Here the learner tackled a fairly large unit of information first(as in the Crowder system), but made a written response(as in the Skinner system). If the response was correct, the learner moved on to the next major unit of information. If the learner was incorrect, he worked through a linear subsequence of small items... until he eventually arrived at the next main item, where this procedure was then repeated.  2, record 14, English, - skip%20branching

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode (...) consistant à intercaler entre deux items de la chaîne principale [d'un programme linéaire] un sous-programme permettant un apprentissage programmé, piste nécessaire pour franchir la principale difficulté induite par l'item principal précédent sur lequel achopperait un pourcentage relativement important d'élèves, d'étudiants ou de formés.  4, record 14, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20d%C3%A9rivation

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La méthode de "dérivation" (Skip branching). Certains chercheurs britanniques proposent de présenter les programmes selon une méthode qui tient à la fois du linéaire et du ramifié. (...) La séquence principale est suivie par l'élève qui répond positivement à toutes les questions. S'il ne trouve pas de réponse à un des éléments, il lui est présenté une séquence secondaire (...) qui lui explique plus en détail l'information initiale. Ce sous-programme ne lui donne pas une information complémentaire (comme dans un programme ramifié), mais abaisse simplement le niveau de complexité de l'information primitive.  5, record 14, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20d%C3%A9rivation

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish