TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A scoring approach in which the response to an item or task is always scored as either correct or incorrect, regardless of the task's inherent complexity or any indication of partial knowledge or understanding in the response.  2, record 1, English, - dichotomous%20scoring

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] notation qui ne comporte que deux résultats possibles.  3, record 1, French, - notation%20dichotomique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A response for a multiple-choice item that is classed as an incorrect alternative. It is a plausible wrong answer designed to be attractive to students who do not know the correct response.  1, record 2, English, - distractor

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The incorrect alternatives (called foils) of a multiple-choice question must be plausible. Sometimes they are so unlikely that students can determine the correct answer simply by eliminating obviously wrong ones.  3, record 2, English, - distractor

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réponse plausible autre que la réponse correcte ou admise pour un item à réponse choisie.  2, record 2, French, - distracteur

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Incorrect immediate response to stimuli in sense organs.  2, record 3, English, - perceptual%20disorder

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Perturbations dans l'interprétation des sensations.  4, record 3, French, - trouble%20de%20la%20perception

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Articulate facts and strategies that vary from expert knowledge ... (misconceptions and procedural errors).  3, record 4, English, - procedural%20error

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

If the computer has a tutorial program, the student is asked a question by the computer, the student types in an answer, and then gets an immediate response to the answer. If the answer is correct, the student is routed to more challenging problems; if the answer is incorrect, various computer messages will indicate the flaw in procedure, and the program will bypass more complicated questions until the student shows mastery in that area.  2, record 4, English, - procedural%20error

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

erreur due à un défaut de conception du problème.  1, record 4, French, - erreur%20de%20conception

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La détection des erreurs, des oublis et autres vices de raisonnement plus importants (que l'on rassemble sous le doux nom de bogues) n'est qu'une partie du problème; [...]  4, record 4, French, - erreur%20de%20conception

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

faille : Point faible, défaut, manque de cohérence dans un raisonnement [...]  5, record 4, French, - erreur%20de%20conception

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Numeric Answer. Math and science problems frequently require numeric responses. They typically involve a single number and are easy to judge. The mode of such responses is almost always via the keyboard. The response is judged by comparing it to the correct number and optionally to one or more anticipated incorrect numbers.  1, record 5, English, - numeric%20answer

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réponse en chiffres que l'apprenant donne à un problème de sciences ou de mathématiques : le nombre est inscrit au moyen du clavier.  2, record 5, French, - r%C3%A9ponse%20num%C3%A9rique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Multiple-Selection Answer. This type of judgment is only slightly more difficult [than for single-selection answer]. The response modes and the response-answer comparison are basically the same as for the single selection case. Now, however, the response may be correct, incorrect, improper, or partially correct.... For example, a question requires the student to underline the nouns in a sentence containing two nouns. Underlining both nouns would be correct. Underlining anything but the nouns, such as two verbs, would be incorrect. Underlining one noun, a noun and a verb, or two nouns and a verb, would all be partially correct responses.  1, record 6, English, - multiple%2Dselection%20answer

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... in education, the information provided to a learner about what he has done.  2, record 7, English, - feedback

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 DEF

The information received by a learner immediately after each of his responses during a sequence of programmed instruction, which indicates the correctness (or otherwise) of the response.  3, record 7, English, - feedback

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 DEF

The reaction of a program to the student's response... Its primary function is to inform the student about the appropriateness of a response. Following correct responses, it may also provide reinforcement for the student. Following incorrect responses, it should provide correction, with the purpose of improving future performance.  4, record 7, English, - feedback

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The teacher’s feedback can fulfill one or several objectives. It can identify for the student which steps of the work were correct and which were incorrect. ... a teacher may observe that, while providing feedback, there was time during which to create a follow-up exercise which invites the student to rehearse information in the feedback just provided.  5, record 7, English, - feedback

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Feedback serves mainly to correct misunderstandings on the student’s part....  2, record 7, English, - feedback

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... generations of teacher education students ... have not been taught ... how to ask the right kinds of questions, how to react to students’ responses, how to give helpful corrections and feedback....  5, record 7, English, - feedback

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... there is little role for delivering cognitive diagnosis of errors in feedback and in many cases the tutor’s feedback should be minimal....  6, record 7, English, - feedback

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 5 CONT

... Kulhavy (1977) considers that "supplying feedback after an error is probably far more important than providing confirmation".  2, record 7, English, - feedback

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

information, évaluation ou réponse constructive fournie à l'élève par l'enseignant ou l'enseignante suite à une période d'apprentissage qui sert à assister l'élève dans son cheminement d'apprentissage.  3, record 7, French, - r%C3%A9troaction

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 DEF

[...] aide que fournit le logiciel relativement à son propre contenu ou à son utilisation (exemple : «Ta réponse est incomplète. Lis bien les explications qui suivent.» ou «Veux-tu vraiment quitter le logiciel?»)  4, record 7, French, - r%C3%A9troaction

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Approches pédagogiques : Infrastructure pour la pratique de l'enseignement, ministère de l'Éducation de la Saskatchewan, 1993.  3, record 7, French, - r%C3%A9troaction

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Feedback that] serves mainly to correct misunderstandings on the student’s part... Feedback can range from a simple yes/no to the provision of substantial corrective information, which can itself take on the form of new instruction.  2, record 8, English, - corrective%20feedback

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Feedback should be corrective. It should provide the student with information to improve future performance. Simply saying "incorrect" after a response is not corrective. A potential danger of corrective feedback is that it may increase student errors. Simple corrective feedback, such as "No, the correct answer is Abraham Lincoln, "does not generally act as a reinforcer....  3, record 8, English, - corrective%20feedback

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The "branching programs" ... offered corrective feedback as well as adapted their teaching to students’ responses.  4, record 8, English, - corrective%20feedback

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rétroaction qui émane du système et qui renseigne l'apprenant sur la source de son (ou de ses) erreur(s), afin de lui permettre d'améliorer ultérieurement sa performance.  1, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9troaction%20de%20redressement%20d%27erreur

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si l'élève fournit une réponse alors qu'il dispose de toute l'information nécessaire mais que cette réponse s'avère erronée, un feedback de redressement d'erreurs lui sera proposé.  2, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9troaction%20de%20redressement%20d%27erreur

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At the University of Sheffield..., a system called skip branching was developed(Kay and Sime, 1963). Here the learner tackled a fairly large unit of information first(as in the Crowder system), but made a written response(as in the Skinner system). If the response was correct, the learner moved on to the next major unit of information. If the learner was incorrect, he worked through a linear subsequence of small items... until he eventually arrived at the next main item, where this procedure was then repeated.  2, record 9, English, - skip%20branching

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode (...) consistant à intercaler entre deux items de la chaîne principale [d'un programme linéaire] un sous-programme permettant un apprentissage programmé, piste nécessaire pour franchir la principale difficulté induite par l'item principal précédent sur lequel achopperait un pourcentage relativement important d'élèves, d'étudiants ou de formés.  4, record 9, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20d%C3%A9rivation

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La méthode de "dérivation" (Skip branching). Certains chercheurs britanniques proposent de présenter les programmes selon une méthode qui tient à la fois du linéaire et du ramifié. (...) La séquence principale est suivie par l'élève qui répond positivement à toutes les questions. S'il ne trouve pas de réponse à un des éléments, il lui est présenté une séquence secondaire (...) qui lui explique plus en détail l'information initiale. Ce sous-programme ne lui donne pas une information complémentaire (comme dans un programme ramifié), mais abaisse simplement le niveau de complexité de l'information primitive.  5, record 9, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20d%C3%A9rivation

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish