TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The indirect infringement of intellectual property rights in which one person contributes to the direct act of infringement of another.  2, record 1, English, - contributory%20infringement

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contributory infringement of a trademark, for example, occurs when a manufacturer of goods aids or encourages its distributors to pass off its goods as those of another manufacturer.  2, record 1, English, - contributory%20infringement

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La contrefaçon indirecte vise à sanctionner la complicité de contrefaçon. Concrètement, il s'agit des hypothèses où l'utilisation, la détention ou la vente est effectuée par une personne autre que le fabricant du produit.  2, record 1, French, - complicit%C3%A9%20de%20contrefa%C3%A7on

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Technically, "counterfeiting" refers only to cases of trademark infringement, whereas "pirating" refers to copyright infringement.  2, record 2, English, - technically

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rigoureusement parlant, [le terme «contrefaçon»] ne désigne que les cas de contrefaçon de marques de commerce tandis que [celui de] «piratage» désigne la violation des droits d'auteur.  3, record 2, French, - rigoureusement%20parlant

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The U. S. International Trade Commission is an independent, nonpartisan, quasi-judicial federal agency that provides trade expertise to both the legislative and executive branches of government, determines the impact of imports on U. S. industries, and directs actions against certain unfair trade practices, such as patent, trademark, and copyright infringement.  1, record 3, English, - International%20Trade%20Commission

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Of an invention or of a mark.  2, record 4, English, - prior%20user

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A prior user of a mark will enjoy protection against later users of confusingly similar marks.  3, record 4, English, - prior%20user

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

If your name or mark is deemed to be confusingly similar to a previously existing trademark, the prior user will have grounds for a trademark infringement action against you.  4, record 4, English, - prior%20user

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

D'une invention ou d'une marque.  3, record 4, French, - utilisateur%20ant%C3%A9rieur

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

De nombreux pays reconnaissent le premier déposant comme propriétaire de la marque, alors que d'autres pays considèrent l'utilisateur antérieur comme propriétaire de la marque.  4, record 4, French, - utilisateur%20ant%C3%A9rieur

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

De una invención o de una marca.  1, record 4, Spanish, - usuario%20anterior

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

According to the European Trademark Regulation, it is possible to obtain an injunction from a Dutch court for a trademark infringement occurring in any European member state.  1, record 5, English, - European%20Trademark%20Regulation

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tant la loi Benelux sur les marques que le règlement européen sur les marques adhèrent au principe de l'épuisement communautaire. Ceci est la conséquence de la directive européenne sur l'harmonisation des marques, qui limite l'épuisement des droits liés à la marque au territoire de l'EEE, c'est à dire les États membres de l'UE, la norvège, le Liechtenstein et l'Islande.  1, record 5, French, - R%C3%A8glement%20europ%C3%A9en%20sur%20les%20marques

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The presentations will be woven around a trademark conflict involving a fictitious trademark and a charge of infringement.  1, record 6, English, - fictitious%20trademark

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Except for the fictitious mark, the symbols were the only ones nationally available in the grocery trade that matched the definition of a certification mark.  2, record 6, English, - fictitious%20trademark

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The general term "mark" is often used in texts as an elliptical variant of "trademark."  3, record 6, English, - fictitious%20trademark

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les marques qui s'adonnent au placement de produits viennent de tous les horizons. Leur seul point commun est d'être déjà connues du grand public. En effet, pour que le produit exposé ne passe pas inaperçu, ou pire pour qu'il ne soit pas assimilé à une marque fictive, il doit jouir au préalable d'une certaine notoriété.  4, record 6, French, - marque%20fictive

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les dimensions identitaires du personnage de marque imaginaire se répartissent en cinq points, les trois premiers étant orientés vers la marque ou le produit et les deux derniers vers l'enfant [...]  2, record 6, French, - marque%20fictive

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme général «marque» est souvent utilisé dans les textes comme la forme abrégée de «marque de commerce».  3, record 6, French, - marque%20fictive

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Two trademarks are considered confusingly similar if they are so like each other that they can be confused and (as a main rule) refer to goods or services of the same or similar kind.  2, record 7, English, - confusingly%20similar

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "confusingly similar" or "likelihood of confusion" both refer to the legal criteria required to prove infringement of a trademark. Specifically, if consumers are likely be confused or mistaken about the source of a product or service, then a likelihood of confusion exists, and the trademark has been infringed.  3, record 7, English, - confusingly%20similar

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The terms, "confusingly similar" or "likelihood of confusion" both refer to the standard required to prove infringement of a trademark. Specifically, if the relevant consuming public will likely be confused or mistaken about the source of a product or service sold using the mark in question, then likelihood of confusion exists, and the mark has been infringed.  2, record 8, English, - likelihood%20of%20confusion

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A newer mark infringes on an earlier one if it causes "likelihood of confusion": whether an ordinary, prudent purchaser would be likely to purchase one item believing that another was being purchased.  3, record 8, English, - likelihood%20of%20confusion

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'utilisation, de la part de tierces parties, du mot «Boston » est un facteur très pertinent lorsqu'il s'agit de déterminer la probabilité de confusion entre les deux marques et la cour y a accordé un poids considérable.  2, record 8, French, - probabilit%C3%A9%20de%20confusion

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

S'il existe une probabilité de confusion de la marque de commerce, cela équivaut à une probabilité de dommages. En d'autres termes, en cas de violation d'une marque de commerce, le dommage se présume.  3, record 8, French, - probabilit%C3%A9%20de%20confusion

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To adopt a trademark, a thorough search should be done to determine that nobody has already taken that idea, then an application should be filed with the trademark office.  3, record 9, English, - adopt%20a%20trademark

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

If you adopt a mark that is confusingly similar to an existing mark, then you may be liable for trademark infringement, with the possible consequences ranging from having to give up all use of your mark, to having to pay treble damages, attorneys fees, court costs, and prejudgment interest.  2, record 9, English, - adopt%20a%20trademark

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The general term "mark" is often used in texts as an elliptical variant of "trademark."  4, record 9, English, - adopt%20a%20trademark

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

... Trademarks that describe the ingredients, qualities, features, purpose or characteristics of a product or service. These marks are not inherently distinctive, and thus do not receive trademark protection unless they acquire distinctiveness through secondary meaning.  5, record 9, English, - adopt%20a%20trademark

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] avant d'adopter une marque de commerce, une recherche complète devrait être effectuée afin de s'assurer que la marque proposée ne prête pas à confusion avec une autre marque de commerce ou avec un nom commercial.  1, record 9, French, - adopter%20une%20marque%20de%20commerce

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Il est indispensable de procéder à des recherches d'antériorité avant d'adopter une marque.  2, record 9, French, - adopter%20une%20marque%20de%20commerce

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An owner can protect a trademark by common law or by federal registration. Common-law protection begins with the first use of a mark and is indicated by TM , while federal registration requires a more complicated procedure.  3, record 10, English, - protect%20a%20trademark

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Dilution differs from normal trademark infringement in that there is no need to prove a likelihood of confusion to protect a mark.  4, record 10, English, - protect%20a%20trademark

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The alternative way to protect a mark that is being used by a business, whether or not it is registered as a trademark, is to employ the tort of passing off.  5, record 10, English, - protect%20a%20trademark

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The general term "mark" is often used in texts as an elliptical variant of "trademark."  1, record 10, English, - protect%20a%20trademark

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

... Trademarks that describe the ingredients, qualities, features, purpose or characteristics of a product or service. These marks are not inherently distinctive, and thus do not receive trademark protection unless they acquire distinctiveness through secondary meaning.  6, record 10, English, - protect%20a%20trademark

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour protéger une marque de commerce à l'étranger, outre l'emploi qui peut assurer une certaine protection dans certains pays, il faut généralement procéder à son enregistrement dans chaque pays.  1, record 10, French, - prot%C3%A9ger%20une%20marque%20de%20commerce

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Generally, trademark infringement is defined as the unauthorized use of a registered trademark in respect of the same or similar goods or services for which the mark is registered.  2, record 11, English, - unauthorized%20use

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Unauthorized use ... The owner of a registered certification mark may prevent its use by unlicensed persons or in association with any wares or services in respect of which the mark is registered but to which the licence does not extend.  3, record 11, English, - unauthorized%20use

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les pays de l'Union s'engagent à interdire l'usage non autorisé, dans le commerce, des armoiries d'État des autres pays de l'Union, lorsque cet usage sera de nature à induire en erreur sur l'origine des produits.  1, record 11, French, - usage%20non%20autoris%C3%A9

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Emploi non autorisé [...] Le propriétaire d'une marque de certification déposée peut empêcher qu'elle soit employée par des personnes non autorisées ou en liaison avec des marchandises ou services à l'égard desquels cette marque est déposée, mais auxquels l'autorisation ne s'étend pas.  2, record 11, French, - usage%20non%20autoris%C3%A9

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish