TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The transmembrane pressure and membrane charge were confirmed as important factors changing the relative dominance of the three ion transport mechanisms :diffusion, convection and electromigration. In weakly charged membranes, diffusion is predominant, even at high water fluxes. The electromigration flux can counteract a strong convective flux in highly charged membranes.  2, record 1, English, - ion%20transport%20mechanism

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) uses the selective diffusion of water across a membrane in order to pressurize seawater. Freshwater and seawater are placed on either side of a membrane, and the seawater side is pressurized. As the seawater side increases in pressure and decreases in salinity, part of the water is discharged through a turbine while the rest is put in a pressure exchanger to pressurize the incoming seawater...  2, record 2, English, - pressure%20retarded%20osmosis

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour récupérer l'énergie bleue, deux technologies existent déjà. Elles se fondent sur une membrane placée entre deux contenants de salinité différente. La première, l'osmose à pression retardée […], fonctionne en laissant l'eau douce d'un des contenants traverser la membrane semi-perméable qui la sépare de l'eau salée de l'autre contenant pour diminuer la concentration en sel de celui-ci. L'augmentation de la pression dans le contenant d'eau salée permet de produire de l'énergie mécanique en actionnant une turbine.  2, record 2, French, - osmose%20%C3%A0%20pression%20retard%C3%A9e

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A homogeneous hydrogel membrane through which solvents and solutes are transported by molecular diffusion under the action of a concentration or activity gradient.  2, record 3, English, - diffusive%20ultrafilter

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procedure, based on the liquid surfactant membrane concept, for providing immobilized enzymes within a nonpermanent microcapsule. Enzyme immobilization is brought about by emulsifying an aqueous enzyme solution with a surfactant to form the liquid membrane encapsulated enzymes.  2, record 4, English, - liquid%2Dsurfactant%20membrane%20method

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The major advantages of this procedure are the nonchemical nature of the method and its reversibility of immobilization. However, the possibility of loss of enzyme by diffusion, and the same diffusion phenomenon controlling passage of substrates and products through the liquid membrane via a solubility mechanism rather than size exclusion mechanism, can be a disadvantage.  1, record 4, English, - liquid%2Dsurfactant%20membrane%20method

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode d'immobilisation d'enzymes par micro-encapsulation qui consiste à soumettre des agrégats de phospholipides dispersés dans la solution enzymatique à la sonication : on obtient des sphérules constituées d'une double couche lipidique emprisonnant des gouttelettes d'enzyme en solution aqueuse. A l'inverse des autres techniques, la pénétration du substrat ne dépend pas alors de la taille des pores de la membrane mais de sa solubilité dans les constituants lipidiques.  2, record 4, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20des%20liposomes

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Electrode which results from the union of an enzyme with an electronic sensor (an ion-selective electrode). The electrode is useful for the assay of organic and inorganic compounds, in a manner as simple as a pH measurement with a glass electrode.  2, record 5, English, - enzyme%20electrode

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The earliest enzyme electrodes consisted of an electrochemical sensor, a semipermeable membrane and an intermediate layer containing the enzyme. This system required diffusion of the substrate through the membrane, there to react with the enzyme and so causing production or consumption of a material which was then measured by the electrochemical sensor.... Later enzyme electrodes dispensed with the semipermeable membrane and to attain more rapid response times used enzymes immobilised on easily accessible surfaces of inorganic supports.  3, record 5, English, - enzyme%20electrode

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Indirect enzyme electrodes involve the detection of an enzyme reactant by a specific, usually ion-selective electrode. Direct enzyme electrodes incorporate redox enzymes coupled to an electrode with a flow of electrons between the cofactor involved in the enzyme reaction and the electrode.  4, record 5, English, - enzyme%20electrode

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Électrode recouverte d'une couche enzymatique adaptée aux cas où la substance à doser ne permet pas une mesure électrique directe mais où l'un des produits de la réaction enzymatique permet cette mesure.  1, record 5, French, - %C3%A9lectrode%20%C3%A0%20enzyme

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les techniques d'immobilisation ou de confinement d'enzymes ou autre matériel biologique se sont largement développées ces dernières années. Parmi les méthodes utilisées pour la réalisation d'électrodes à enzymes, la fixation covalente sur des supports insolubles préalablement activés, la réticulation, l'inclusion dans un gel ainsi que le confinement d'enzymes en solution sont les plus employées.  3, record 5, French, - %C3%A9lectrode%20%C3%A0%20enzyme

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phenomenon which arises as a result of the build-up of a layer of rejected solute at the membrane surface which impedes solvent flow. The resistance to flow due to this layer thus increases until a point is reached where the rate of diffusion of solute away from the polarization layer equals the rate of deposition. This phenomenon also explains why the solvent flux often becomes invariant with an increasing transmembrane pressure drop. Although solvent flux through a membrane is a hydraulic pressure-activated process and should increase with increasing pressure, a point is reached where the rate of build-up of the solute polarization layer is such that flow is impeded and further increases in pressure have no effect.  2, record 6, English, - concentration%20polarization

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Concentration is the only important application with regard to initial enzyme recovery. Coarse fractionation is rarely attempted on a large scale, mainly because concentration polarisation ... occurs during ultra-filtration, effectively preventing an adequate separation. Equally, removal of salts and low molecular weight species alone is not the prime consideration, although ultrafiltration is commonly used to this end later in enzyme purification processes.  4, record 6, English, - concentration%20polarization

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grâce à leurs propriétés plastiques, les supports membranaires peuvent équiper des réacteurs de conceptions technologiques très diverses. Dans certains cas, la membrane constitue une simple barrière physique retenant les macromolécules dans le compartiment réactionnel : c'est le principe des membranes d'ultrafiltration utilisées pour récupérer le biocatalyseur dans les réacteurs agités. [...] Le principal inconvénient de cette technique est le phénomène de "polarisation" qui se traduit par une accumulation des composés de haut poids moléculaire sur la face amont de la membrane et un colmatage des pores.  2, record 6, French, - polarisation

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Depends upon the diffusion of water vapor through a porous membrane. In its simplest form, this instrument consists of a closed chamber having porous walls and containing a hygroscopic compound. The absorption of water vapor by the compound causes a pressure drop within the chamber, which is measured by a manometer.  2, record 7, English, - diffusion%20hygrometer

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe six types de phénomènes physiques dont la mesure permet d'atteindre la détermination du contenu de l'atmosphère en vapeur d'eau. On peut donc distinguer six types d'hygromètres : [...] ceux qui mesurent la diffusion de la vapeur d'eau à travers un milieu poreux (hygromètre à diffusion).  1, record 7, French, - hygrom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20diffusion

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The separation of substances of different molecular weight by diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane.  2, record 8, English, - dialysis

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération de séparation de composés dissous par passage au travers d'une membrane semi-perméable, de la solution la plus concentrée vers la plus diluée, sous l'action du gradient de concentration réel transmembranaire.  2, record 8, French, - dialyse

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método de análisis y separación fundado en la propiedad que tienen ciertos cuerpos [...] de atravesar las membranas porosas.  2, record 8, Spanish, - di%C3%A1lisis

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Conductive material in a fuel cell] which allows the diffusion of hydrogen and oxygen over both sides of the MEA [Membrane electrode assembly], whilst also filtering out water produced on the catalyst layer surface.  2, record 9, English, - current%20collector

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A bipolar lithium/sulfide battery ... employs disk-shaped voltaic cells assembled into a series-connected stack in which adjacent cells share a common current collector, called the bipolar plate.  3, record 9, English, - current%20collector

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le deuxième rôle [des plaques bipolaires] est d'être un collecteur de courant. Les électrons produits par l'oxydation de l'hydrogène sortent par l'anode, traversent le support d'anode et ensuite la plaque. Ils quittent ensuite la pile et alimentent le circuit extérieur.  1, record 9, French, - collecteur%20de%20courant

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Two main categories of molecule transport exist in cells, active transport and passive transport... For small molecules such as oxygen, ethanol, and carbon dioxide, the molecules could easily cross the membrane via passive transport, in the form of simple diffusion through a concentration gradient...  2, record 10, English, - passive%20transport

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Entraînement d'ions ou de petites molécules au travers d'une membrane biologique par un solvant, le plus souvent d'eau.  1, record 10, French, - transport%20passif

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The CanOxy PlateTM Passive Ozone Monitor [...] contains a renewable paper impregnated with a reagent and covered with a diffusion membrane. Both are enclosed in a plastic dish 4 cm in diameter.  1, record 11, English, - passive%20ozone%20monitor

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La CanOxy PlateMC, un dispositif de surveillance passive de l'ozone [...] est composée d'un papier renouvelable imprégné d'un réactif et recouvert d'une membrane de diffusion, les deux étant disposés dans un récipient de plastique de 4 cm de diamètre.  1, record 11, French, - dispositif%20de%20surveillance%20passive%20de%20l%27ozone

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... supple gazometers for storing bio-gases. These reservoirs have a double membrane, can store gases with a high diffusion potential... These textile storage balloons are insensitive to frost and corrosion...  1, record 12, English, - double%20membrane

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] gazomètres souples de stockage des bio-gaz. Ces réservoirs à double membrane, capables de contenir des gaz à fort pouvoir de diffusion [..] Ces ballons de stockage textiles sont insensibles au gel, à la corrosion [...]  1, record 12, French, - double%20membrane

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... supple gazometers for storing bio-gases. These reservoirs have a double membrane, can store gases with a high diffusion potential... These textile storage balloons are insensitive to frost and corrosion...  1, record 13, English, - insensitive%20to%20frost

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] gazomètres souples de stockage des bio-gaz. Ces réservoirs à double membrane, capables de contenir des gaz à fort pouvoir de diffusion [...] Ces ballons de stockage textiles sont insensibles au gel, à la corrosion [...]  1, record 13, French, - insensible%20au%20gel

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... supple gazometers for storing bio-gases. These reservoirs have a double membrane, can store gases with a high diffusion potential... These textile storage balloons are insensitive to frost and corrosion...  1, record 14, English, - textile%20storage%20balloon

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] gazomètres souples de stockage des bio-gaz. Ces réservoirs à double membrane, capables de contenir des gaz à fort pouvoir de diffusion [...] Ces ballons de stockage textiles sont insensibles au gel, à la corrosion [...]  1, record 14, French, - ballon%20de%20stockage%20textile

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... supple gazometers for storing bio-gases. These reservoirs have a double membrane, can store gases with a high diffusion potential... These textile storage balloons are insensitive to frost and corrosion...  1, record 15, English, - high%20diffusion%20potential

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] gazomètres souples de stockage des bio-gaz. Ces réservoirs à double membrane, capables de contenir des gaz à fort pouvoir de diffusion [...] Ces ballons de stockage textiles sont insensibles au gel, à la corrosion [...]  1, record 15, French, - fort%20pouvoir%20de%20diffusion

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... supple gazometers for storing bio-gases. These reservoirs have a double membrane, can store gases with a high diffusion potential and are used for both recovering and storing such gases(mainly methane, but also the bad-smelling types)... These textile storage balloons are insensitive to frost and corrosion...  1, record 16, English, - bad%2Dsmelling%20gas

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] gazomètres souples de stockage des bio-gaz. Ces réservoirs à double membrane, capables de contenir des gaz à fort pouvoir de diffusion, sont utilisés pour récupérer et contenir les gaz (du méthane, mais aussi des gaz malodorants) [...] Ces ballons de stockage textiles sont insensibles au gel, à la corrosion [...]  1, record 16, French, - gaz%20malodorant

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... supple gazometers for storing bio-gases. These reservoirs have a double membrane, can store gases with a high diffusion potential... These textile storage balloons are insensitive to frost and corrosion...  3, record 17, English, - double%20membrane%20tank

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] gazomètres souples de stockage des bio-gaz. Ces réservoirs à double membrane, capables de contenir des gaz à fort pouvoir de diffusion [...] Ces ballons de stockage textiles sont insensibles au gel, à la corrosion [...]  1, record 17, French, - r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A0%20double%20membrane

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The phenomenon which causes solutes to concentrate at the filter's membrane surface forming a gel layer. The thickness of this gel layer will increase until its hydraulic resistance to solvent transport reduces the flux to an equilibrium value such that the convective transport of solutes on the surface equals the back diffusion from the surface. In single-pass operation the concentration of sulutes is low, so concentration polarization does not limit flux.  1, record 18, English, - concentration%20polarization

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transpiration or outward diffusion of water vapor into the atmosphere through the stomata and lenticula, the water having been previously evaporated from imbibed membrane into gas spaces within the plant.  2, record 19, English, - stomatal%20transpiration

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diffusion de la vapeur d'eau dans l'atmosphère, à travers les stomates et les lenticelles des plantes.  1, record 19, French, - transpiration%20stomatique

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish