TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cholesterol metabolism can be viewed as a balancing act between the amount of cholesterol that is ingested, intestinally absorbed, metabolized to bile acids, endogenously synthesized, and excreted...  3, record 1, English, - cholesterol%20metabolism

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The] residue derived from the covalent binding of the parent drug or a metabolite of the drug and a cellular biological soluble or insoluble macromolecule.  1, record 2, English, - bound%20residue

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Bound] residue is not extractable from the macromolecule by exhaustive extraction, denaturation or solubilization techniques. It does not result from the incorporation of metabolized, radiolabelled fragments of the drug into endogenous compounds, or the same macromolecule by normal biosynthetic pathways.  1, record 2, English, - bound%20residue

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Résidu dérivé de la liaison covalente du médicament souche ou d'un métabolite de celui-ci avec un produit biologique cellulaire soluble ou une macromolécule insoluble.  1, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9sidu%20li%C3%A9

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Le résidu lié] n'est pas extractible de la macromolécule par des techniques de dénaturation, de solubilisation ou d'extraction exhaustive. Il ne résulte pas de l'incorporation de fragments métabolisés radio-étiquetés du médicament dans des composés endogènes, ou de la même molécule par voies biosynthétiques normales.  1, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9sidu%20li%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sulfonylureas have two significant drug-disease interactions. Most are metabolized in the liver to active or inactive metabolites. When significant impairment in liver function is present, sulfonylurea metabolism may be altered.  2, record 3, English, - drug%2Ddisease%20interaction

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un médicament peut aggraver une pathologie ou une condition préexistante. Les événements iatrogènes sont plus souvent la conséquence d'une interaction médicament-maladie.  1, record 3, French, - interaction%20m%C3%A9dicament%2Dmaladie

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the kidney, angiotensin II(Ang II) is metabolized to angiotensin III(Ang III) by aminopeptidase A(APA). In turn, Ang III is metabolized to angiotensin IV by aminopeptidase N(APN).  2, record 4, English, - angiotensin%20IV

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'angiotensine III [...] a environ 40 % de l'activité hypertensive de l'angiotensine II, mais elle a la même puissance pour stimuler l'aldostérone. Certains chercheurs ont émis l'hypothèse que l'angiotensine III est le peptide naturel qui stimule l'aldostérone, tandis que l'angiotensine II est le peptide qui contrôle la pression sanguine. Cela semble toutefois peu probable, et on croit plutôt que l'angiotensine II est un produit de dégradation qui a conservé une certaine activité biologique. Il est probable que cela s'applique aussi à l'angiotensine IV, quoique certains chercheurs soutiennent qu'elle a des effets particuliers dans le cerveau.  3, record 4, French, - angiotensine%20IV

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fermentation process in which the cells are kept in a state of exponential growth, or in which stationary cells continually produce a secondary product.  2, record 5, English, - continuous%20fermentation

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In general, a suitable medium will be fed into the fermenter at the same rate as the effluent is removed so that conditions remain constant. If the objective is the production of cell biomass, the dilution rate will be adjusted to match the doubling rate of the cells. If the objective is to produce a secondary product, the cells will be retained in the fermenter by some device and the feed rate adjusted to the rate at which the substrate is being further metabolized to form the required end product.  2, record 5, English, - continuous%20fermentation

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Phillips Petroleum Co. compte breveter sa technologie de production de protéines d'organismes unicellulaires («Provesteen»). Il s'agit d'une méthode de fermentation en continu qui utilise une souche de levure avec comme substrat le méthanol, ou éventuellement des sucres comme le glucose. L'un des principaux avantages du procédé réside dans le fait que ces levures peuvent se multiplier à des densités cellulaires très élevées : 120 g/l à 150 g/l (30 g/l à 40 g/l pour les procédés conventionnels). [...] Ce procédé a été testé dans un fermenteur de 1 500 litres.  2, record 5, French, - fermentation%20en%20continu

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso en el que las células o microorganismos de un cultivo se mantienen en la fase de crecimiento exponencial por la adición continua de un medio fresco que equilibra la cantidad de suspensión celular que se retira del biorreactor.  1, record 5, Spanish, - fermentaci%C3%B3n%20continua

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In respect of a food, the amount of energy made available to a person's body when the chemical constituents of the food, including protein, fat, carbohydrate and alcohol, are metabolized following ingestion of the food by the person.  1, record 6, English, - energy%20value

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans le cas d'un aliment, [...] quantité d'énergie que peut recevoir une personne lorsqu'elle ingère l'aliment et que les constituants chimiques de cet aliment, dont les protéines, les matières grasses, les glucides et l'alcool, sont métabolisés.  1, record 6, French, - valeur%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fundamental intermediate in protein and carbohydrate metabolism in the cell ... Liquid with odor resembling acetic acid; ... miscible with water, ether, and alcohol. Derivation: Dehydration of tartaric acid by distilling with potassium acid sulfate. Use: Biochemical research.  2, record 7, English, - pyruvic%20acid

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pyruvic acid... occurs naturally in coffee and when sugar is metabolized in muscle... It is a synthetic flavoring used in coffee and rum flavorings for beverages, ice cream, ices, candy, baked goods, and chewing gum.  3, record 7, English, - pyruvic%20acid

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: CH₃COCOOH  4, record 7, English, - pyruvic%20acid

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Acide [alpha] -cétonique existant à l'état naturel parmi les produits de fermentation des oses, dans les feuilles, les tissus animaux et le sang, qui peut être obtenu par pyrogénation de l'acide tartrique. Il se présente comme un liquide sirupeux, très hygroscopique, soluble dans l'eau, l'alcool et l'éther.  2, record 7, French, - acide%20pyruvique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Acide pyruvique [...] Usages : Synthèse de l'acide phényl-cinchoninique, résines artificielles.  5, record 7, French, - acide%20pyruvique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : CH₃COCOOH  2, record 7, French, - acide%20pyruvique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: CH₃COCOOH  2, record 7, Spanish, - %C3%A1cido%20pir%C3%BAvico

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A nanoshell is a type of spherical nanoparticle consisting of a dielectric core which is covered by a thin metallic shell (usually gold).  2, record 8, English, - nanoshell

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Gold nanoshells are shuttled into tumors by the use of phagocytosis where phagocytes engulf the nanoshells through the cell membrane to form an internal phagosome, or macrophage. After this it is shuttled into a cell and enzymes are usually used to metabolize it and shuttle it back out of the cell. These nanoshells are not metabolized so for them to be effective they just need to be within the tumor cells and photoinduced cell death is used to terminate the tumor cells.  2, record 8, English, - nanoshell

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] certaines nanoparticules d'or (en fait ici des nanocoquilles) réagissent uniquement à la lumière dans le proche infrarouge, fréquence à laquelle les tissus sont transparents. La méthode de traitement du cancer est la suivante : on injecte des nanocoquilles dans les tumeurs, puis on irradie les tumeurs avec du proche infrarouge. Les nanoparticules se mettent alors à chauffer et «cuisent» littéralement les cellules environnantes. [...] Plus on va dans le rouge, plus les cellules chauffent. On arrose les tumeurs en infrarouge [...]  2, record 8, French, - nanocoquille

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nanoesfera: nanopartícula estructurada en forma de matriz en la que el fármaco aparece distribuido de forma dispersa.  1, record 8, Spanish, - nanoesfera

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The four most common active isoflavones are diadzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A. Biochanin A is metabolized to genistein, and Formononetin may be converted to diadzein once ingested. Diadzein and genistein also can exist as sugar derivatives(glycosides), diadzin and genistin. These sugar derivatives are hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract to their active components.  2, record 9, English, - formononetin

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Kudzu. Supplément botanique. Substances actives : - isoflavones glucosides : puérarine, diadzine; - isoflavones aglycones : diadzéine, génistéine, biochanine A et formononétine.  2, record 9, French, - formonon%C3%A9tine

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cellular distribution and regulatory effects of the immunoregulator dextran sulfate... :[The] results indicate dextran sulfate may regulate the immune response by influencing T cell function and that dextran sulfate may be rapidly metabolized in vivo to a low molecular-weight sub-unit.  1, record 10, English, - immunoregulator

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Réorientation de la médecine du XXIe siècle (...) : En ce qui concerne la recherche thérapeutique publique et privée, les médicaments de la prévention (antithrombotiques, immuno-régulateurs, neuro-drogues) sont prioritaires à côté des médicaments de défense contre les agressions (antibiotiques, antiviraux, anticancéreux).  1, record 10, French, - immuno%2Dr%C3%A9gulateur

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The study of how a chemical(pollutant, toxicant, or toxin) is absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated.  1, record 11, English, - toxicokinetics

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étude du sort d'une substance toxique dans l'organisme.  1, record 11, French, - toxicocin%C3%A9tique

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La quantité de substance qui agit dans l'organisme pour causer un effet néfaste dépend de quatre facteurs biologiques principaux qui sont : l'absorption, la distribution, le métabolisme (ou la biotransformation) et l'excrétion.  1, record 11, French, - toxicocin%C3%A9tique

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La concentration d'une substance toxique dans l'organisme est influencée par différents facteurs qui peuvent être regroupés en trois catégories : les facteurs biologiques (endogènes), les facteurs environnementaux (exogènes) et les caractéristiques physico-chimiques.  1, record 11, French, - toxicocin%C3%A9tique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The four most common active isoflavones are diadzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A. Biochanin A is metabolized to genistein, and Formononetin may be converted to diadzein once ingested. Diadzein and genistein also can exist as sugar derivatives(glycosides), diadzin and genistin. These sugar derivatives are hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract to their active components.  2, record 12, English, - diadzein

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Kudzu. Supplément botanique. Substances actives : - isoflavones glucosides : puérarine, diadzine; - isoflavones aglycones : diadzéine, génistéine, biochanine A et formononétine.  2, record 12, French, - diadz%C3%A9ine

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The four most common active isoflavones are diadzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A. Biochanin A is metabolized to genistein, and formononetin may be converted to diadzein once ingested. Diadzein and genistein also can exist as sugar derivatives(glycosides), diadzin and genistin. These sugar derivatives are hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract to their active components.  2, record 13, English, - genistin

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Kudzu. Supplément botanique. Substances actives : - isoflavones glucosides : puérarine, diadzine; - isoflavones aglycones : diadzéine, génistéine, biochanine A et formononétine.  2, record 13, French, - g%C3%A9nist%C3%A9ine

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The four most common active isoflavones are diadzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A. Biochanin A is metabolized to genistein, and Formononetin may be converted to diadzein once ingested. Diadzein and genistein also can exist as sugar derivatives(glycosides), diadzin and genistin. These sugar derivatives are hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract to their active components.  2, record 14, English, - biochanin%20A

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Kudzu. Supplément botanique. Substances actives : - isoflavones glucosides : puérarine, diadzine; - isoflavones aglycones : diadzéine, génistéine, biochanine A et formononétine.  2, record 14, French, - biochanine%20A

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Litmus milk is a complex medium that can potentially distinguish among many species of bacteria. Litmus milk has several components that can be metabolized : lactose(milk sugar) ;casein(milk protein) ;and litmus(a pH indicator that is purple to blue at neutral to alkaline pH and pink under acid conditions).  1, record 15, English, - litmus%20milk

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A sugar that enters cells along with glucose but is not metabolized.  2, record 16, English, - 2%2Ddeoxyglucose

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le traitement de muscles isolés au Aicar [permet] de déterminer le rôle de la p38 MAPK dans la stimulation du transport du glucose en utilisant la technique de la captation du 2-désoxyglucose (2-DG) marqué couplée à des mesures d'activités enzymatiques.  2, record 16, French, - 2%2Dd%C3%A9soxyglucose

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Alcohol as it is metabolized produces a morphine-like substance, called tetrahydroisoquinoline(TIQs).  3, record 17, English, - tetrahydroisoquinoline

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

De nombreux effets toxiques de l'intoxication alcoolique chronique ont été attribués à l'acétaldéhyde, produit de dégradation de l'éthanol par l'alcool déshydrogénase [...] Davis et Walsh, par ailleurs, ont émis, en 1970, une hypothèse attribuant la dépendance à la biosynthèse de produits de condensation entre certaines neuro-amines et l'acétaldéhyde. Ces produits, les tétrahydro-iso-quinolines (T.I.Q.) sont des alcaloïdes proches des opiacés et susceptibles d'avoir une action «morphine like».  1, record 17, French, - t%C3%A9trahydro%2Diso%2Dquinoline

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A condition characterized by an abnormally elevated concentration of ketone bodies in the body tissues and fluids; it occurs when fatty acids are incompletely metabolized, a complication of diabetes mellitus, starvation, and alcoholism.  2, record 18, English, - ketosis

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Trouble du métabolisme caractérisé par l'accumulation dans l'organisme de corps cétoniques.  2, record 18, French, - c%C3%A9tose

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Presencia de cuerpos cetónicos en los tejidos y líquidos orgánicos. Síntomas de la cetosis son náuseas, vómitos y dolor de estómago. La cetosis puede conducir a la cetoacidosis.  1, record 18, Spanish, - cetosis

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Isotope that has a higher atomic weight than the usual (i.e. most abundant) natural isotope.  1, record 19, English, - heavy%20isotope

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Studies of metabolism, drug utilization, and other reactions in living organisms are best done with stable isotopes like¹³C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸O, and²H. Compounds are tagged by introducing a high concentration of the isotope into the molecular structure, and the metabolized products are studied using the mass spectrometer to measure the altered isotopic ratios.  3, record 19, English, - heavy%20isotope

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Catégorie d'atomes contenant un nombre de neutrons supérieur à la normale et donc plus denses que l'isotope communément observé (par exemple¹⁵N et¹³C).  1, record 19, French, - isotope%20lourd

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One can clearly make glucose from amino acids and from pyruvate, but NOT from acetyl coA. Why? Acetyl coA carbons are released as CO2. There can be no net investment of these carbons into glucose. Fats, which are metabolized to acetyl coA, cannot, then, supply the body with glucose(with the exception of the glycerol backbone of FA's and three carbons in an odd-numbered fatty acid).  2, record 20, English, - odd%2Dnumbered%20fatty%20acid

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Methane occurs abundantly in nature. In the presence of oxygen this gas may be metabolized by bacteria that are able to use it as carbon and energy source. Several types of bacteria involved in the oxidation of methane have been described in literature. Methane-utilizing bacteria have in common that they can only grow on methane or methanol and not on other carbon compounds.  1, record 21, English, - methane%2Dutilizing%20bacterium

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vitamin D3(cholecalciferol) must be metabolized in the liver and the kidneys before it is fully active on its target tissues. Calcitriol(1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the major active metabolite.  1, record 22, English, - calcitriol

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La vitamine D3 (cholécalciférol) doit être métabolisée dans le foie et le rein avant de pouvoir exercer pleinement son action sur les tissus cibles. Le calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholécalciférol) est le métabolite actif.  1, record 22, French, - calcitriol

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[Le] calcitriol est une forme active de la vitamine D3 qui fait courir un risque d'effets indésirables sur le métabolisme du calcium. Par contre le calcipotriol est un analogue de la vitamine D3 et paraît plus efficace que le valérate de bétaméthasone.  2, record 22, French, - calcitriol

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

turnover. The rate at which a thing is depleted and replaced.  2, record 24, English, - bone%20turnover

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

turnover. The quantity of a material metabolized or processed, usually within a given length of time.  3, record 24, English, - bone%20turnover

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Renouvellement. Remplacement dans un ensemble, des éléments qui en sortent par d'autres qui y entrent par substitution, transformation, destruction et synthèse. Il se forme ainsi un circuit, un cycle métabolique qui assure la permanence quantitative et qualitative des substances qui forment cet ensemble.  2, record 24, French, - renouvellement%20des%20cellules%20osseuses

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

renouvellement = «turnover».  2, record 24, French, - renouvellement%20des%20cellules%20osseuses

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Analyzing structure-activity relationships(SAR) represents another approach to carcinogen detection. SAR studies look for functional groups within a compound which react with biological molecules, particularly with the DNA that constitutes the cell' s genetic material. SAR studies predict whether a chemical contains carcinogenic groups, or has groups that can be converted to reactive intermediates when the chemical is metabolized in the body.  1, record 25, English, - structure%2Dactivity%20relationships

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'analyse des rapports structure-activité est une autre façon de repérer des cancérogènes. Les études de rapports structure-activité cherchent au sein d'un composé des rapports fonctionnels influant sur les molécules biologiques et plus particulièrement sur l'ADN, qui constitue le matériel génétique de la cellule. Les études de rapports structure-activité permettent de constater si un produit chimique renferme des éléments cancérogènes ou qui peuvent être transformés en intermédiaires réactifs par le métabolisme.  1, record 25, French, - rapports%20structure%2Dactivit%C3%A9

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish