TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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A metaverse is a three-dimensional virtual world(VW) where people interact with each other and their environment, using the metaphor of the real world but without its physical limitations.  3, record 1, English, - metaverse

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metaverse: data validated by Canadian subject-field experts from École Polytechnique de Montréal, MasterpieceVR and McGill University.  4, record 1, English, - metaverse

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Un métavers est un univers virtuel totalement immersif, c'est-à-dire tridimensionnel et interactif en temps réel.  2, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9tavers

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

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El metaverso es un entorno inmersivo, tridimensional, virtual y además multiusuario en línea, [...] el cual permite a las personas relacionarse entre sí, social y económicamente, independientemente de su localización, utilizando herramientas computacionales como agentes personificados y simulación.  3, record 1, Spanish, - metaverso

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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Internet water armies generally produce false information, make slanderous attacks, and engage in illegal promotion ...  3, record 2, English, - Internet%20water%20army

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[The term] "Internet water army" is a literal translation of the Chinese term "wangluo shuijun, "which is a metaphor for a large [organized group] of people [whose task is] to flood the Internet with purposeful comments and articles.  4, record 2, English, - Internet%20water%20army

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Other content may be disseminated by Internet water armies, such as videos and product reviews.  5, record 2, English, - Internet%20water%20army

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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The glass ceiling metaphor refers to the hidden obstacles that, despite formal gender equality at work, contribute to maintain women in the lower positions of the professional ladder.... Contrary to women, men in female-dominated jobs benefit from a so-called glass elevator or glass escalator, that is, a set of invisible factors that facilitate their professional advancement.  2, record 3, English, - glass%20escalator

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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L'ascenseur de verre correspond à une «situation dans laquelle les individus d'un groupe socialement privilégié qui intègrent de nouveaux milieux de travail obtiennent plus facilement des promotions que ceux n'appartenant pas à ce groupe, même s'ils sont de compétence égale». D'ailleurs, il a été démontré que les organisations ont tendance à accorder aux hommes qui travaillent dans des secteurs plus féminins (par exemple : infirmiers, travailleurs sociaux, techniciens juridiques et bibliothécaires) de meilleurs salaires, davantage de latitude ainsi que des promotions plus rapides.  2, record 3, French, - ascenseur%20de%20verre

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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The model... uses a digital computer and a discrete-event simulation algorithm as a metaphor for realizable quantum walk experiments. The subquantum model generates, event-by-event, data that agrees with the quantum-theoretical description of a quantum walk.  2, record 4, English, - discrete%2Devent%20simulation%20algorithm

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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[Human library] events utilize the metaphor of a library, where readers are encouraged to check out individuals, or human books, who volunteer to share their stories. Human books are typically community members who may have faced discrimination, but may also be persons with special hobbies or interesting experiences...  1, record 5, English, - human%20book

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Le concept [d'une bibliothèque vivante] est fort simple. La personne se présente sur les lieux, emprunte le livre humain et a l'occasion de discuter avec [cet individu] en tête à tête pendant 20 minutes, afin d'en apprendre sur [son] histoire.  2, record 5, French, - livre%20vivant

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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A process in which the meaning of an existing word is significantly altered.  1, record 6, English, - semantic%20shift

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Types of semantic shift include specialization, generalization, metaphor, simile, and synecdoche(a part is put for a whole, or the whole for a part :"creature" for "man" and "boards" for "stage").  1, record 6, English, - semantic%20shift

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Par exemple : fourchette (de salaires), navette (spatiale), faim (d'azote), œil photoélectrique.  2, record 6, French, - changement%20s%C3%A9mantique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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[The] arrangement reduces the maximum spread at any time between dollar quotations of two Community currencies(Popularly called the "snake") while leaving quotations against the dollar free to move, according to the play of market forces, within the wider Smithsonian band of 4. 5 per cent(the "tunnel" in the metaphor) formed by the maximum deviation from parity or central rates of plus or minus or minus per cent  2, record 7, English, - European%20Narrow%20Margins%20Arrangement

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European Narrow Margins Arrangement: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  3, record 7, English, - European%20Narrow%20Margins%20Arrangement

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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[Les banquiers helvétiques] tablent sur un prochain éclatement du «serpent monétaire européen» [...]. La fin du serpent leur apparaît même bénéfique, dans la mesure où elle donnerait la possibilité d'instaurer un mécanisme plus efficace  3, record 7, French, - serpent

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«Serpent européen», ensemble des monnaies des pays de la C.C.E. élargie. [...] Les monnaies du serpent sont liées entre elles par des parités définies dont elles ne peuvent s'écarter que d'un maximum de 2,25 p. 100, au-delà duquel intervient la banque d'émission du pays concerné.  4, record 7, French, - serpent

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accord européen sur le maintien de marges étroites : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  5, record 7, French, - serpent

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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The art and science of arranging conditions so that the parts themselves spontaneously assemble into the desired structure.  3, record 8, English, - self%2Dassembly

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A basic principle in self assembly is selective stickiness: if two molecular parts have complementary shapes and charge patterns, one part has a hollow where the other part has a bump, and one part has a positive charge where the other part has a negative charge, then they will tend to stick together in one particular way. By shaking these parts around, something which thermal noise does for us quite naturally if the parts are floating in solution, the parts will eventually, purely by chance, be brought together in just the right way and combine into a bigger part. This bigger part can combine in the same way with other parts, letting us gradually build a complex whole from molecular pieces by stirring them together and shaking.  3, record 8, English, - self%2Dassembly

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The key to building electronic devices out of individual molecules is self assembly.  4, record 8, English, - self%2Dassembly

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Historically, the idea of supramolecular interactions dates back to the famous metaphor of Emil Fischer(1894), who described a selective interaction of molecules as the lock and key principle. Today, supramolecular chemistry has by far surpassed its original focus. Molecular self-assemblies combine several features of covalent and non-covalent synthesis to make large and structurally well-defined assemblies of atoms. Single van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds are weak relative to typical covalent bonds and comparable to thermal energies. Therefore, many of these weak non-covalent interactions are necessary in order to achieve molecular stability in self-assembled aggregates. In biology, there are many complex systems of nanoscale structures such as proteins and viruses which are formed by self-assembly. Living systems sum up many weak interactions between chemical entities to make large ones.  1, record 8, English, - self%2Dassembly

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Opération par laquelle des molécules s'associent spontanément pour donner une structure complexe de géométrie bien définie.  2, record 8, French, - autoassemblage

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L'autoassemblage [offre] la possibilité de construire une molécule complexe et hautement structurée en une seule opération au cours de laquelle plusieurs liaisons [...] sont simultanément formées.  3, record 8, French, - autoassemblage

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L'autre avantage de l'autoassemblage est de permettre la mise en place provisoire de deux fragments moléculaires en vue d'une réaction ultérieure que l'on souhaite effectuer dans une disposition bien déterminée.  3, record 8, French, - autoassemblage

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Autoassemblage sur surface.  4, record 8, French, - autoassemblage

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

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En el autoensamblaje, el nanoconstructor introduce átomos particulares o moléculas dentro de una superficie o dentro de una naoestructura preconstruida. Entonces, las moléculas se alinean (ellas mismas) dentro de posiciones particulares, algunas veces formando uniones débiles y otras veces formando uniones covalentes fuertes, en orden de minimizar la energía total.  1, record 8, Spanish, - autoensamblaje

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Se comienza con una estructura nanométrica como una molécula y mediante un proceso de montaje o autoensamblado, totalmente automático, se crea un mecanismo mayor que el mecanismo con el que comenzamos.  2, record 8, Spanish, - autoensamblaje

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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However, productive official and unofficial diplomacy may interact more often and at times be more mutually supportive than the train track metaphor implies.  1, record 9, English, - unofficial%20diplomacy

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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De nos jours, avec l'influence des divers acteurs non étatiques, [on] parle de diplomatie officieuse. C'est dans cette dernière catégorie que s'insère la diplomatie verte.  1, record 9, French, - diplomatie%20officieuse

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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One influential dual-processing theory of cognitive development is fuzzy-trace theory [which proposes] the metaphor of "intuitionism, "in which people prefer to think, reason, and remember by processing inexact, "fuzzy" memory representations rather than by working logically from exact, verbatim representations.  2, record 10, English, - fuzzy%2Dtrace%20theory

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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La théorie des traces floues. [Les auteurs] développent depuis plusieurs années une théorie de la mémoire selon laquelle les expériences sont stockées en parallèle sous deux formes : les traces représentant les détails des évènements [...] et les traces représentant leur sens général [...] Cette théorie expliquerait de nombreux phénomènes liés aux faux souvenirs.  2, record 10, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20des%20traces%20floues

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A reflectaphor is any creative device(including, in literature, such devices as irony, metaphor, simile, pun, paradox, synecdoche(that relies for its effect on creating in the mind of its audience an unresolvable tension between the similarities and differences of its terms. In other words, a reflectaphor excites a state of intense wondering, doubt, and uncertainty-a sense of nuance.  1, record 11, English, - reflectaphor

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A reflectaphor ... is like a fractal. Fractals ... are both order and chaos. They have self-similarity at different scales, but this self-similarity is not self-sameness and is unpredictable and random. The tension between similarities and differences in reflectaphors also creates for us a sense of unpredictability and randomness in the creative work, a sense that what we’re experiencing is organic, is both familiar and unknown.  1, record 11, English, - reflectaphor

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Une réflectaphore est tout moyen créatif (y compris, en littérature, des moyens tels que l'ironie, la métaphore, la comparaison, le calembour, le paradoxe, la synecdoque) qui fonde son effet sur la création, dans l'esprit du public, d'une tension insoluble entre les similitudes et les différences de ses éléments. Autrement dit, une réflectaphore provoque un état d'intense étonnement, de doute et d'incertitude - une impression de nuance.  1, record 11, French, - r%C3%A9flectaphore

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Une réflectaphore [...] ressemble à une fractale. Les fractales [...] sont à la fois ordre et chaos. Elles dévoilent à chaque échelle une auto-similarité et non une auto-uniformité, car cette auto-similarité est imprévisible et aléatoire. La réflectaphore crée également chez nous un sentiment d'imprévisibilité et de stochasticité dans le travail créatif, un sentiment que ce que nous vivons est organique, à la fois familier et inconnu.  1, record 11, French, - r%C3%A9flectaphore

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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The progressive reduction of an educator’s support in the learning process by limiting his feedback when the learner is approaching consistent execution of the target skill.  2, record 12, English, - fading

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The original scaffolding metaphor included the eventual removal or "fading" of the scaffolding. This aspect of scaffolding has yet to be thoroughly investigated.... A notable exception is the recent study by McNeill et al.(2006) of scaffolds for students’ evidence-based explanations. They found that middle school students in a 2-month project-based unit performed better on posttests requiring explanations if the scaffolding was gradually faded during the instructional unit, rather than if the scaffolding was continued throughout the entire unit.  3, record 12, English, - fading

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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Retrait progressif de l'aide, de l'encadrement pédagogique réalisé par l'enseignant afin de laisser libre cours à l'action de l'apprenant et à sa prise de décisions et de responsabilités.  2, record 12, French, - d%C3%A9s%C3%A9tayage

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Dans cette perspective, la fonction du pédagogue est d'estimer - avec une marge d'appréciation qui est nécessairement un peu approximative - le niveau de développement atteint et de proposer des acquisitions légèrement mais nettement supérieures : dans un premier temps, le sujet ne pourra fonctionner «au dessus de ses possibilités» qu'avec tout un dispositif d'étayage, dans un second temps, il parviendra à l'autonomie dans l'exercice et l'usage de ces fonctions nouvelles si on prend la peine de procéder à un désétayage progressif.  3, record 12, French, - d%C3%A9s%C3%A9tayage

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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Ericksonian hypnosis uses metaphor and experience to build bridges between the conscious and the unconscious mind.  2, record 13, English, - ericksonian%20hypnosis

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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Comment accéder à notre potentiel inconscient? C'est tout le propos de l'hypnose eriksonnienne de permettre au sujet d'entrer en communication avec son inconscient afin de mobiliser ses ressources, d'y puiser ses solutions. En ce sens, l'hypnose peut prendre de nombreuses formes - y compris conversationnelle - et n'a plus de rapport avec l'image vehiculée par l'hypnose spectacle.  2, record 13, French, - hypnose%20ericksonnienne

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Several developers are experimenting with novel ways to organize and present information. Metacontent is one of the more interesting examples. This approach seeks to structure information through semantic webs--a structure that is thought to parallel the organization of human memory. In a semantic web, the paper page metaphor is replaced by an endless web of connections. The viewer starts at an initial term or concept and is presented with a variety of connections to related information. These connections do not necessarily correspond to the traditional structures found in a formal outline.  1, record 14, English, - metacontent

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Meta content" is information about how online content is organized, in order to make it easier to manage information on Internet and Intranet sites.  2, record 14, English, - metacontent

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A simple example of meta-content is the header on an email message. It tells you information about the message (who sent it, at what time, how it got to you, where replies should go, and more) but it’s not the message itself: the person who sent you the mail wasn’t sending you the header, but was sending the content of the message.  3, record 14, English, - metacontent

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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La technologie de Digital Fountain fait appel au «méta contenu». Les fichiers sont toujours découpés en paquet, mais chacun d'eux contient des instructions identiques pour la reconstitution du fichier entier, plutôt que juste des pièces du puzzle. L'ordinateur récepteur n'a besoin seulement que d'un nombre minime de ces paquets, et ce dans n'importe quel ordre, pour regarder le fichier.  1, record 14, French, - m%C3%A9ta%20contenu

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Recordemos que un metacontenido es la información relativa al contenido de un documento, como título, autor, fecha creación, palabras clave, breve descripción, ubicación o tipo de formato.  1, record 14, Spanish, - metacontenido

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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The word "endogenous" was originally a botanical term... Endogenous means originating on or growing within the side of something, as cells within the wall of the parent cell... That's a good metaphor for economic or technological growth--exogenous growth is growing like rings on a tree--definitely not how an economy grows, or innovations develop. It's a view of society as a giant organism within which innovations develop randomly and irregularly, not in any planned manner. Endogenous growth theory simply means economic growth from within a system, usually a nation-state.  2, record 15, English, - endogenous%20growth%20theory

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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La théorie de la croissance endogène [...] montre que l'économie a pour principal facteur de production la connaissance et que dès lors elle évolue dans un univers non fini qui suit les principes évolutionnistes.  2, record 15, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20la%20croissance%20endog%C3%A8ne

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La théorie de la croissance endogène étudie l'interaction entre le processus de production des innovations et les caractéristiques structurelles de l'économie et de la société, ainsi que la façon dont cette interaction se solde par une croissance économique, variable selon les pays.  3, record 15, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20la%20croissance%20endog%C3%A8ne

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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[A] metaphor describing the various stages through which diamonds pass, from mining to marketing, before they are sold to the consumer.  3, record 16, English, - diamond%20pipeline

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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Métaphore décrivant les diverses étapes que les diamants franchissent, de l'extraction à la mise en marché, avant d'être vendus au consommateur.  2, record 16, French, - pipeline%20du%20diamant

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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Nation building is a metaphor gone wrong. It is an ethos of justice and decent behaviour, within some framework likely to encourage more of the same. "Building" implies that free societies can be assembled from some kind of erector kit, that if you just put the structure of an institution in place, it will then function as neatly as you’d installed a new motor in a machine. The real project here-one would hope-is not to attempt the building of nations, but to set out and enforce rules of civilized conduct by which nations, and more precisely the rulers of nations, will feel compelled to abide.(Claudia Roset, "New Word Order", www. opinionjournal. com, 2003-09-24).  1, record 17, English, - nation%20building

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tiré de «Á la une : Nation Building» dans le Monde. fr du 2003-08-28.  2, record 17, French, - construction%20de%20nation

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Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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(1991) signs of economic recovery.  1, record 18, English, - green%20shoots

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A usage based on the clichéd metaphor of new growth on a plant.  1, record 18, English, - green%20shoots

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The green shoots of recovery were now showing (New Republic, 1995).  1, record 18, English, - green%20shoots

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bourgeons de la reprise économique.  1, record 18, French, - signes%20pr%C3%A9curseurs

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Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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The warehouse metaphor pointed out three major points about URIs : a URI is a reference to a resource The reference has fixed semantics The reference has independent semantics The fixed semantics of a URI is one of the most important, yet often overlooked, concepts about URIs.  1, record 19, English, - fixed%20semantics

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The English terminology on this record is standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) whose role it is to establish standards relating to Internet technology. The French terminology was proposed by translators certified by the W3C and was verified by the author of this record.  2, record 19, English, - fixed%20semantics

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La sémantique fixe d'un URI est l'un des concepts les plus importants, même s'il est souvent négligé, pour les URI.  1, record 19, French, - s%C3%A9mantique%20fixe

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La terminologie anglaise de cette fiche est normalisée par le World Wide Web Consortium (consortium W3C) dont le rôle principal est d'établir les normes reliées aux technologies Internet. La terminologie française est proposée par des traducteurs agréés par le Consortium et elle a été vérifiée par l'auteur de cette fiche.  2, record 19, French, - s%C3%A9mantique%20fixe

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

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In this text I will primarily be talking about the push and pull concepts of information. The web is(mostly) a pull medium : the user clicks links to weave an individual path through available sites and searches actively for information. A good metaphor for the web is a library where anyone can leave their own papers and books on shelves for others to pick up. Many traditional information purveyors have however been trying to implement push into webspace, since then they can also push advertising and so be able to charge sponsors. The increasing use of sponsor graphics and banners on sites with high hits is another expression of this.  2, record 20, English, - push%20and%20pull

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

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Expression désignant l'action combinée de la publicité générale et des promotions : la publicité générale «tire» le consommateur potentiel vers le produit. La promotion «pousse» l'article vers le prospect, à travers les circuits de distribution.  2, record 20, French, - pousser%2Dtirer

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Technologies de vérification de la promotion et de la publicité (pousser-tirer ou "push and pull"), qui permet aux utilisateurs de contrôler leurs besoins d'information.  1, record 20, French, - pousser%2Dtirer

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Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A device used in decision counselling process.  2, record 21, English, - metaphorical%20thinking

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

metaphor : A type of comparison in which one object is equated with another and qualities of the first are then ascribed to the second(...) Metaphorical language is a form of primary process thinking.  3, record 21, English, - metaphorical%20thinking

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pensée: faculté permettant à l'homme de réfléchir, de raisonner, de juger, d'atteindre à l'abstraction.  2, record 21, French, - pens%C3%A9e%20m%C3%A9taphorique

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

métaphore: Figure de rhétorique, et par ext. Procédé de langage qui consiste dans un transfert de sens [...] par substitution analogique.  3, record 21, French, - pens%C3%A9e%20m%C3%A9taphorique

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A gambler's metaphor, after Julius Caesar's exclamation before crossing the Rubicon.  1, record 22, English, - alea%20iacta%20est

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La décision est prise irrévocablement.  1, record 22, French, - les%20d%C3%A9s%20sont%20jet%C3%A9s

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The sources of international law. There is innate in man a consciousness of right and wrong, regulating his behaviour towards his fellows, the recognition of the requirement to "co-exist" with them on a reasonable footing. Human society, on the other hand, cannot function without a certain number of binding rules of conduct which must be such as to enable it to avoid bellum omnium contra omnes. These factors are the underlying causes of the birth of law in any human community. The accent may be laid on one or other of these fundamental elements, but the two are always present. These are the "sources" of the law in their philosophical, psychological, sociological connotation, the "material" sources.... The concrete ways and means, the "formal" sources of the law, differ from community to community : they are not the same in secular as in ecclesiastical communities, nor in national as in international society. These "formal" sources,... necessarily reflect the nature and structure of the community concerned : they appear as custom, legislation, bye-laws, national case law, papal bulls, treaties, resolutions of international bodies, etc., as the case may be. There is still a third sense in which the expression "sources" is used in respect of law; in this sense the metaphor does not refer to the basic or to the "formal" origins of legal rules, but to the documents and writings in which they can be found, just as in another field historians work with their "sources". These are not, of course, genuine sources of the law.  2, record 23, English, - sources%20of%20international%20law

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces sources englobent les sources matérielles (ensemble des éléments auxquels se rattache la formation des règles du droit international, c'est-à-dire les sources du droit des gens, la conscience juridique commune, les principes et les faits qui expliquent l'origine profonde de l'apparition des règles juridiques) et les sources formelles (qui extériorisent, qui expriment les règles de droit), c'est-à-dire les quatre catégories de sources que la CIJ [Cour internationale de Justice] utilise pour déterminer le droit applicable aux différends dont elle est saisie.  1, record 23, French, - sources%20du%20droit%20international

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Reproduit de la Liste provisoire de termes juridiques se rapportant aux travaux de la Commission du droit international avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  2, record 23, French, - sources%20du%20droit%20international

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

to fail to make the most of an opportunity.  2, record 24, English, - miss%20the%20boat

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Gross and Levitt... miss the boat with their discussion of the significance of metaphor. Apparently they think that if you turn to metaphor, you simply give up serious thought.... Human thought is deeply, universally, and necessarily metaphorical.  3, record 24, English, - miss%20the%20boat

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

perdre l'occasion de faire une chose utile, profitable.  2, record 24, French, - manquer%20le%20coche

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

the integration of individuals into a group for stating and solving problems. A structured approach to creative thinking.  2, record 25, English, - synectics

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Synectics involves free use of metaphor and analogy in informal interchange within a carefully selected small group of individuals of diverse personality and areas of specialization.  3, record 25, English, - synectics

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

méthode de créativité, combinant, d'une part, les états psychologiques (...) et d'autre part, les mécanismes opérationnels  2, record 25, French, - synectique

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 DEF

(...) méthode développant la créativité de l'individu dans un groupe restreint. (...) C'est un Américain, Gordon, qui est à l'origine de cette recherche; il est parti de deux secteurs différents qui lui semblent complémentaires : (...) l'étude des inventeurs et de leurs inventions (...) l'expérience du Brain-storming.  3, record 25, French, - synectique

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Méthode qui renforce des concepts en développant et expliquant des métaphores, en utilisant le raisonnement analogique; l'enseignant ou l'enseignante fait une révision de l'information déjà présentée, présente une métaphore ou une analogie du concept et, avec les élèves, explore les liens qui existent entre le concept de métaphore ou d'analogie. Ensuite, l'élève apprend à utiliser son imagination pour s'expliquer ce qui enrichit son écriture et son expression orale.  4, record 25, French, - synectique

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A figure of speech in which a name or a descriptive term is applied to a person or object to which it is not literally applicable, thus implying comparison. (Hartmann and Stork, Dictionary on Language and Linguistics. New-York; John Wiley and sons, 1972, p. 140)  1, record 26, English, - metaphor

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A metaphor is a similarity or comparison without an "as" or "like", an analogy created by substituting word for word, image for image or sign for sign.(Wilden, A., The Rules are no Game. London, New-York; Routledge and Kegan Paul Inc., 1987, p. 198)  1, record 26, English, - metaphor

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Figure consistant à présenter une idée sous le signe d'une autre idée plus frappante, qui tient à la première par analogie ou ressemblance. (Phelizon, J.-F., Vocabulaire de la linguistique. Paris; Roudil, 1976, p. 137)  1, record 26, French, - m%C3%A9taphore

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La métaphore consiste à jouer d'une équivalence paradigmatique. (Marchand, F., Manuel de linguistique appliquée: la norme linguistique. Paris, Delagrave, 1975, p. 66)  1, record 26, French, - m%C3%A9taphore

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Artificial Intelligence literature rarely mentions this metaphor [splitting], preferring to describe problem solving as a generate-and-test process, creating new objects rather than eliminating objects form preexisting sets.  1, record 27, English, - generate%2Dand%2Dtest%20process

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mathematical metaphor.  2, record 28, English, - soap

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Combinant solutions analytiques, mesures empiriques et solutions sur ordinateur, on a obtenu les valeurs numériques de maints exposants critiques, mais leur nature conceptuelle reste obscure. Ce que montre l'exemple du savon, c'est qu'au moins un, parmi eux, s'interprète comme dimension fractale, ce qui suggère qu'il en pourrait être de même pour d'autres.  1, record 28, French, - savon

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... we have adapted the metaphor of prehension to describe computer vision because the problem starts with choosing how to visually "grasp" a situation, so that a quick and effective interpretation can be made....  1, record 29, English, - vision%20prehension

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir préhension  1, record 29, French, - pr%C3%A9hension%20visuelle

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Non-rigorous reasoning leads to probable conclusions, in the sense that, if the premises are uncertain then the relations which link the propositions establish probabilistic connections between them. They relate to certain forms of induction and analogy(generalizations) ;reasoning in ordinary language(metaphor, causal reasoning, certain types of conditional reasoning, pragmatic reasoning in linguistics, etc) ;certain forms of hypothetico-deductive reasoning, etc. This notion of "non-rigorous reasoning" seems to us less ambiguous than that of "approximate reasoning" encountered in the AI literature since this latter seems to involve particularly reasoning, or its component parts, in terms of numerical values.  1, record 30, English, - non%2Drigorous%20reasoning

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare to approximate reasoning and non-categorical reasoning.  2, record 30, English, - non%2Drigorous%20reasoning

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terminologie d'auteur. Comparer à raisonnement non catégorique, etc.  1, record 30, French, - raisonnement%20non%20rigoureux

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We can see that the idea that mental processing is computation is indeed a serious empirical hypothesis rather than a metaphor.  1, record 31, English, - mental%20processing

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It should be noted that idiom is at once easier and more difficult to translate than metaphor : easier, because it is no longer metaphorical and therefore raises no problem of "equivalent metaphoricity";....  1, record 32, English, - metaphoricity

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Par contre, je ne dis pas qu'il n'y ait pas toujours une possibilité, une tendance à la remotivation qui est d'ailleurs à la base du système de métaphoricité.  1, record 32, French, - m%C3%A9taphoricit%C3%A9

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A shift in the meaning of a word. The meaning may be widened or narrowed..., changed in the positive or negative direction, or transferred by metaphor.  1, record 33, English, - semantic%20change

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le glissement (ou changement) de sens est considéré par Ch. Bally comme un processus de dérivation implicite.  1, record 33, French, - glissement%20de%20sens

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

With use, the original and vivid figurative force of the metaphor becomes progressively dulled, until eventually one of two things happens : either the figurative expression drops out of use altogether and disappears from the language..., or it takes its place in the "regular"(=nonfigurative) vocabulary of the language as a demetaphorized compound word....  1, record 34, English, - demetaphorized

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source: Brian Harris, Département de linguistique et langues modernes, U. d'Ottawa, Ottawa (1976).  1, record 34, French, - d%C3%A9m%C3%A9taphoris%C3%A9

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

a conceptualization with more predictive power than an analogy or metaphor, but less quantification or precision than a model.  1, record 35, English, - quasi%20model

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Conceptualisation comportant un plus grand pouvoir de prédiction qu'une analogie ou une métaphore, mais une quantification ou une précision moindres que celles d'un modèle.  1, record 35, French, - quasi%2Dmod%C3%A8le

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish