TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Micropatterning is the creation of specifically patterned and textured surfaces to study the effects of the cellular microenvironment on cell, tissue, or organ behavior. Micropatterning allows for greater control over factors such as spatial constraint and chemical exposure in a three-dimensional platform. This not only allows for the study of cells exposed to these circumstances but also the development of microfluidic devices such as assays.  2, record 1, English, - micropatterning

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La photolithographie est un procédé physique d'impression de microtrames, le dépôt de protéines, un procédé chimique.  1, record 1, French, - impression%20de%20microtrames

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

microtrame : Ensemble de motifs moléculaires ou cellulaires qui sont répétés sur un support par un procédé d'impression physique ou chimique, et permettent ainsi d'étudier des interactions in vitro.  1, record 1, French, - impression%20de%20microtrames

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

impression de microtrames : désignation publiée au Journal officiel de la République française le 7 mai 2026.  2, record 1, French, - impression%20de%20microtrames

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A culture vessel is defined as a closed container used in plant tissue culture to create a controlled internal microenvironment for plantlets, influencing their growth patterns by regulating factors such as light quality, air exchange, and protection from microorganisms.  2, record 2, English, - air%2Dtight%20culture%20vessel

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il faut noter qu’une chambre de culture hermétique à l’air est une solution peu coûteuse. Passer du temps à installer un bon système de circulation d’air bénéficiera à [vos plantes] de manière significative et sera toujours rentable sur le long terme. Cependant, les chambres de culture hermétiques sont des environnements idéaux pour expérimenter avec l’enrichissement au CO₂ pour encore plus de performances de la part de vos plantes.  1, record 2, French, - chambre%20de%20culture%20herm%C3%A9tique%20%C3%A0%20air

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Targeted alpha-particle therapy (or TAT) is an investigational method of targeted radionuclide therapy for various cancers and infectious diseases. It employs radioactive alpha-emitting substances which undergo decay to treat diseased tissue at close proximity. TAT has the potential to provide highly targeted treatment, especially to microscopic tumor cells. Targets include leukemias, lymphomas, gliomas, melanoma, peritoneal carcinomatosis and HIV.  2, record 3, English, - targeted%20alpha%20therapy

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Targeted alpha therapy(TAT) delivers high-energy alpha particles to cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC) and other cancers.  3, record 3, English, - targeted%20alpha%20therapy

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les thérapies alpha ciblées utilisent des isotopes médicaux liés à une biomolécule qui peut cibler les cellules cancéreuses avec précision sans endommager les zones environnantes.  1, record 3, French, - th%C3%A9rapie%20alpha%20cibl%C3%A9e

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Histamine mediates its effects by interacting with either H1 or H2 receptors. [The] histamine-mediated axon flare response results in the liberation of neuropeptides, perhaps leading to more widespread airway involvement beyond the immediate microenvironment of the activated mast cell.  1, record 4, English, - axon%20flare%20response

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'injection d'histamine par voie dermique provoque [...] une zone de rubéfaction locale liée à une dilatation capillaire, entourée d'une rougeur diffuse, par vasodilatation artériolaire due au réflexe d'axone, et, enfin, une papule, réaction œdémateuse, au niveau de la zone primitive de rubéfaction locale.  1, record 4, French, - r%C3%A9flexe%20d%27axone

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To grow some vegetables successfully, the gardener must be able to control the conditions in the immediate vicinity of the plants. It is particularly important to control humidity, the effects of wind, and the temperature of the soil and air. Fortunately, there is help available in the form of protective coverings such as hot kaps, mulches and tunnels, which can be used to great advantage in controlling the "microenvironment" of your garden.... Poly Tunnels. These mini-greenhouses can produce excellent results when used in combination with poly mulches. The tunnel should be about. 5 m(18 in.) high and. 6 m(24 in.) wide at its base on the soil surface to enclose the mulch. To construct the wire frame for the tunnel, use [number] 9 galvanized wire.  3, record 5, English, - tunnel

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tunnel: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  4, record 5, English, - tunnel

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Abri en matière plastique destiné à hâter ou à prolonger la période de récolte de produits horticoles.  3, record 5, French, - tunnel

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le] tunnel plastique [est une] enceinte réalisée à partir d'un film plastique souple, transparent à la lumière naturelle, permettant -- au moins temporairement -- de modifier l'environnement climatique de la culture pratiquée à son abri pour en améliorer la précocité ou en assurer la protection contre les basses températures (mais non contre le gel). Les dimensions peuvent en être très diverses : - tunnels bas, hauteur 0,5 mètre, largeurs 0,5 à 1,0 mètre, - abris-serres, hauteur 1,5 à 3,5 mètres, largeur 3 à 9 mètres.  2, record 5, French, - tunnel

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le film plastique le plus utilisé pour la fabrication des tunnels est en polyéthylène. Il est bon marché et est disponible en diverses largeurs (jusqu'à 8,50 m).  3, record 5, French, - tunnel

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La culture en tunnel par opposition à la culture en serre.  4, record 5, French, - tunnel

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

tunnel : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  5, record 5, French, - tunnel

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The [environment composed of] normal cells, molecules, and blood vessels that surround and feed a tumor cell.  2, record 6, English, - tumor%20microenvironment

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A tumor can change its microenvironment, and the microenvironment can affect how a tumor grows and spreads.  2, record 6, English, - tumor%20microenvironment

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il a été établi que le caractère invasif d’un cancer primitif était déterminé non seulement par le génotype des cellules tumorales, mais aussi par leurs interactions avec l’environnement extracellulaire qui module les capacités de développement de la tumeur. Le pronostic de la maladie cancéreuse étant très directement lié au caractère invasif de la tumeur primitive et à sa capacité à coloniser d’autres organes, l’acquisition de connaissances fondamentales sur le microenvironnement tumoral représente une orientation scientifique essentielle pour le développement de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques.  2, record 6, French, - microenvironnement%20tumoral

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Immobilization can result in significant changes in the properties of enzymes in comparison with the properties of the soluble enzyme. It is likely that the properties of the immobilized enzyme are nearer to the in vivo properties since dilute soluble enzyme studies normally ignore the complex realities of the intracellular environment. Immobilized enzyme systems can simulate some of these realities, e. g. generation of localized microenvironment, diffusional restrictions, partitioning of substrates, products, coenzymes, etc.... Several workers have observed that the close proximity of the immobilized enzyme to its support matrix is a major contributing factor to changes in the properties of enzymes when they are immobilized.  2, record 7, English, - soluble%20enzyme

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En thérapeutique, l'emploi déjà ancien d'enzymes solubles est d'un usage courant, par exemple l'ingestion orale d'enzymes dans les déficiences digestives, l'injection d'enzymes pouvant intervenir dans certains troubles de la coagulation sanguine. Le champ d'utilisation, de plus en plus varié, ne fera que s'élargir, et de nouvelles applications sont à prévoir ou déjà en cours.  2, record 7, French, - enzyme%20soluble

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tradicionalmente, la Real Academia Española (RAE) admitía únicamente el género femenino para el sustantivo enzima; así fue hasta 1984, fecha en que pasó a considerarlo de género ambiguo, que puede funcionar por igual como masculino y como femenino. El uso, no obstante, parece haberse decantado claramente en español por el femenino, que hoy se emplea en el 90% de los casos [...]  2, record 7, Spanish, - enzima%20soluble

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The immediate vicinity of the bound enzyme.  2, record 8, English, - microenvironment

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are two distinct ways in which a polymer support might affect the microenvironment surrounding an immobilized enzyme. The first may be considered to be a partitioning effect. By virtue of its own physical chemistry, the polymer may attract(or repel) substrate, product, inhibitor, or other molecules to its surface thus concentrating(or depleting) them in the immediate vicinity of the enzyme. The second way in which the polymer may affect the enzyme's microenvironment may be by presenting itself as a barrier to the free diffusion of molecules both to and from the enzyme.  3, record 8, English, - microenvironment

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Environnement immédiat dans lequel agit l'enzyme.  1, record 8, French, - microenvironnement

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les conditions de microenvironnement imposées permettent de modifier considérablement la catalyse notamment du point de vue de la spécificité : seules les applications analytiques nécessitent une spécificité absolue. Pour les applications de bioconversions, il est intéressant de pouvoir exploiter pour une large gamme de substrats, une spécificité restreinte (régio- ou stéréospécificité) ex : isomération de glucose en fructose par la xylose isomérase. [...] Cette spécificité peut elle-même dépendre du microenvironnement : ainsi la β galactosidase d'E. Coli ne peut hydrolyser à l'état soluble les galactocérébrosides très hydrophobes. Elle acquiert cette capacité de reconnaissance par inclusion dans des liposomes.  3, record 8, French, - microenvironnement

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the polymer matrix provides the enzyme with a microenvironment which may differ in many respects(e. g. pH, substrate concentration) from the solvent in which the immobilized enzyme is suspended.... An interesting proposed analytical application is the use of enzymes as "molecular probes" for determining the microenvironment of supports(water-soluble or water-insoluble). Because an immobilized enzyme will behave in accordance with its local environment, a determination of specific enzymic properties(usually activity) can reveal the nature of its immediate environment.  2, record 9, English, - molecular%20probe

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Biotechnology Mammalian Tissue Culture facility has been conceived for research on cell and tissue culture. It will be essential in furthering our understanding of the influence of the cell microenvironment on growth and differentiation. The core of the system will provide robust control of concentration gradients and of mechanical forces thanks to the integration of fluid distribution tools, microsensors, and microactuators. The emphasis is put on the mimicking of organotypical conditions and on the acquisition of data to be used for guided tissue development and differentiation in both space and terrestrial conditions. In addition to this core cultivation subunit, a powerful diagnostics subunit allows for dedicated tools adapted to the tissue undergoing testing. The whole concept is modular in order to support upgrading and adaptation to the requirements of the experimental programme.  1, record 10, English, - biotechnology%20mammalian%20tissue%20culture%20facility

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Two fundamentally different modes of biomineralization are summarized by Lowenstam and Weiner [1989]. One is called biologically induced mineralization(BIM), in which an organism modifies its local microenvironment creating conditions suitable for the chemical precipitation of extracellular mineral phases. The second mode is called boundary organized biomineralization(BOB), in which inorganic particles are grown within or on some organic matrix produced by the organism.  1, record 11, English, - biomineralization

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Emploi de bactéries calcifiantes pulvérisées sur la pierre dégradée d'un édifice, en vue de constituer une couche protectrice de calcin.  2, record 11, French, - biomin%C3%A9ralisation

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Oncogene abnormalities and the microenvironment of the cells, including the extracellular matrix and hormonal milieu, are now understood to be critical determinants of tumorigenesis and metastasis. The molecules we are targeting that participate in tumorigenesis include estrogen, the HER-2/neu tyrosine kinase, and the extracellular matrix protein fibulin-1, thought to function during embryogenesis in the conversion of epithelial cells to migratory mesenchymal cells.  1, record 12, English, - fibulin

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les fibulines du latin fibul «étreinte, boucle» sont des protéines de la matrice extracellulaire que l'on retrouve aussi en très faibles concentrations dans le plasma. Elles comprennent trois protéines différentes.  1, record 12, French, - fibuline

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Migration of lymphocytes "homing" from the thymus and bone marrow into tissues possessing an appropriate microenvironment.  1, record 13, English, - ecotaxis

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phénomène par lequel la majorité des petits lymphocytes circulants migrent vers les territoires particuliers qui leur servent de résidence.  1, record 13, French, - homing

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme "homing" est très utilisé dans la littérature spécialisée de langue française.  2, record 13, French, - homing

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Proteoglycans of bone-marrow stromal cells and their extracellular matrix are important components of the microenvironment of haematopoietic tissues. Proteoglycans might also be involved in the interaction of haematopoietic stem and stromal cells. Recently, several studies have been reported on the proteoglycan synthesis of stromal cells, but little is known about the proteoglycan synthesis of haematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. Here we report on the isolation and characterization of proteoglycans from two haematopoietic progenitor cell lines, the murine FDCP-Mix A4 and the human TF-1 cell line.  2, record 14, English, - hematopoietic%20progenitor

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il semble donc que les progéniteurs hématopoïétiques qu'ils soient «précoces ou tardifs» ne puissent pas contribuer à une reconstitution précoce du système hématopoïétique après irradiation. Il est en revanche envisageable que les cellules les plus différenciées puissent contribuer à réduire encore, voire à abolir, la cytopénie. C'est sur cette hypothèse que sont construites les tentatives actuelles dites «d'expansion in vitro» dont l'objectif est de produire et d'injecter au patient des cellules descendant des progéniteurs clonogéniques.  1, record 14, French, - prog%C3%A9niteur%20h%C3%A9matopo%C3%AF%C3%A9tique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Cytométrie de flux, phénotypage, tri cellulaire, culture de progéniteurs hématopoïétiques, culture de progéniteurs en méthylcellulose, anticorps monoclonaux, hybridation cellulaire  2, record 14, French, - prog%C3%A9niteur%20h%C3%A9matopo%C3%AF%C3%A9tique

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In many cases the presence of an insoluble or even soluble carrier matrix may become an insuperable obstacle for the enzyme to perform its function in the organism. In such cases investigators have used bifunctional reagents to stabilize enzymes by intramolecular crosslinking. As a rule these attempts have had only limited success, based on trials with many enzymes.... The matter is complicated by the fact that the bifunctional reagent can interact with the enzyme in three different ways : one point modification, intermolecular linking, and intramolecular crosslinking. The observed stabilization effect can be explained easily by a simple modification to the enzyme or by changes in the microenvironment as a result of the modification.  1, record 15, English, - bifunctional%20reagent

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'insolubilisation des enzymes requiert (...) une "greffe" dans des conditions douces, entre R-COOH ou R-NH₂ de la protéine et certains groupements réactifs du support solide. (...) Les agents du couplage enzyme-support sont en bonne règle des agents bifonctionnels, actifs dans des conditions douces (glutaraldéhyde, carbodiimides, etc.). Souvent, la liaison n'est pas effectuée en une seule étape, mais le support est d'abord activé, puis la protéine lui est fixée.  1, record 15, French, - agent%20bifonctionnel

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish