TERMIUM Plus^®

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The kSZ effect looks at photons coming from the cosmic microwave background(CMB), or light left over from an early stage in the universe's evolution. As the distant CMB photons pass through galaxy clusters, the photons shift in energy. This shift in energy shows how the galaxy clusters are moving...  2, record 1, English, - kinematic%20Sunyaev%2DZel%27dovich%20effect

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kSZ : abrévation anglaise signifiant «kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich».  1, record 1, French, - effet%20cin%C3%A9matique%20Sunyaev%2DZel%27dovich

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The sources of noise can be separated into external and internal noise. Sources of external noise... include cosmic microwave background(CMB), cosmic microwave foreground(CMF), galactic and radio sources, solar, lunar, and planetary sources...  1, record 2, English, - cosmic%20microwave%20foreground

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rayonnement cosmique d'avant-plan : proposition fondée sur la désignation «rayonnement cosmologique de fond»  1, record 2, French, - rayonnement%20cosmologique%20d%27avant%2Dplan

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A large cluster of galaxies.  3, record 3, English, - galaxy%20supercluster

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To figure out how galaxies and clusters and superclusters arose, we use our best probe, the CMB [cosmic microwave background]-a potent time capsule that empowers astrophysicists to reconstruct cosmic history in reverse.  4, record 3, English, - galaxy%20supercluster

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[Un superamas est] une grande concentration de centaines ou de milliers de groupes et d'amas de galaxies. Les superamas affichent une taille variant entre 100 et 500 millions d'années lumière, et sont généralement inclus dans de vastes feuillets et murs de galaxies entourant de grands vides dans lesquels on ne trouve que peu de galaxies.  3, record 3, French, - superamas%20de%20galaxies

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The cosmic microwave background displays a uniformity of temperature, varying by just one part in a hundred thousand. This indicates that all regions have been in contact with one another some time in the past. However, when traced back to the big bang using Einstein's equations, these regions appear to have always been separated – outside of one another's past causal horizons, being more than a million light-years apart when the universe was only 400, 000 years old. This problem is known as the horizon problem...  2, record 4, English, - horizon%20problem

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... evidence from the CMB [cosmic microwave background] and elsewhere is currently consistent with the universe having a flat geometry. Note, though, that the only thing that we can ever really say is that the cosmos(i. e., all there is, whether observable by us or not) is much bigger than the patch we see. It could be, for example, that the cosmos is actually closed and finite but we happen to be in a slightly underdense region that looks open or flat.  4, record 5, English, - Euclidean%20geometry

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Géométrie qui étudie les invariants par le groupe de transformations rigides (rotation, translation, réflection) où la longueur, la mesure des angles, la dimension et la forme des figures sont conservées.  4, record 5, French, - g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie%20euclidienne

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Geometría que se basa en el supuesto de Euclides según el cual por un punto dado sólo se puede trazar una recta paralela a una recta dada.  1, record 5, Spanish, - geometr%C3%ADa%20euclidiana

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A radiation [that] is considered [to be] the remnant of the Big Bang, which cooled down to a temperature of 3 K (-270°C).  2, record 6, English, - fossil%20radiation

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In 1965, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson announced the discovery of microwave radiation which uniformly filled the sky and had a blackbody temperature of about 3. 5 K. The pair had been testing a new radio amplifier that was supposed to be exceptionally quiet.... After many attempts to account for all extraneous sources of radio noise, they came to the conclusion that there was a general background of radiation at the radio frequency they were using. After discussions with a group led by Robert Dicke at nearby Princeton University it became clear that they had in fact detected remnant radiation from the origin of the universe.  3, record 6, English, - fossil%20radiation

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Vieux de douze milliards d'années puisque s'étant propagé pendant ce laps de temps mais aussi étonnamment jeune puisque témoin de phases fort précoces de l'histoire du monde, ce rayonnement fossile diffus constitue l'une des preuves éclatantes de la justesse de l'idée connue sous le nom de «big bang» selon laquelle notre monde est né dans un état de compression extrême pour entamer une prodigieuse expansion. [...] Pour avoir découvert ce rayonnement fossile en 1963, [...] Penzias et Wilson reçurent le prix Nobel.  2, record 6, French, - rayonnement%20fossile

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Rayonnement cosmique fossile.  2, record 6, French, - rayonnement%20fossile

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A nearly uniform flux of microwave radiation that is believed to permeate all of space.  4, record 7, English, - cosmic%20background%20radiation

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... the background radiation, although only a weak hiss with a temperature of 3°K, fills the Universe entirely today, and it has always filled the Universe entirely.  3, record 7, English, - cosmic%20background%20radiation

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The purpose of these radio telescopes... is to study anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation, the weak "fossil" radiation from the Big Bang that gave birth to the universe some 15, 000 million years ago.  5, record 7, English, - cosmic%20background%20radiation

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The interpretation of this radiation as the remnant fireball from the big bang ..., and their correct prediction of the spectrum to be that of a blackbody, was one of the great triumphs of cosmological theory.  4, record 7, English, - cosmic%20background%20radiation

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[...] rayonnement électromagnétique diffus, nous parvenant de toutes les directions de l'espace et dont la distribution d'énergie en fonction des longueurs d'onde est celle d'un corps à 3 degrés Kelvin.  1, record 7, French, - rayonnement%20%C3%A0%203%20degr%C3%A9s

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Donc, les modèles de big bang impliquent l'existence d'une phase passée de l'histoire cosmique où l'Univers était dans un état d'équilibre dense et chaud : c'est apparemment toute ce qu'il fallait pour expliquer la génération du fond diffus cosmologique.  3, record 7, French, - rayonnement%20%C3%A0%203%20degr%C3%A9s

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Les cosmologistes purent en déduire qu'il existait un rayonnement cosmique fossile, d'une intensité correspondant à une température de 3 °K et que ce bruit de fond représentait la trace historique d'une phase extrêmement chaude de la genèse de l'Univers [...]  2, record 7, French, - rayonnement%20%C3%A0%203%20degr%C3%A9s

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MAP is part of the Explorers Program, selected by NASA in 1996, to probe conditions in the early universe. MAP measures temperature differences("anisotropy") in the cosmic microwave background radiation.  2, record 8, English, - microwave%20anisotropic%20probe

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