TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The intelligent microworld will... be focused on exploration, though the emphasis will be on guided exploration so as to help ensure that learning really occurs...  2, record 1, English, - guided%20exploration

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... beyond the opportunity for practicing and exploration-based learning in conventional games, DecisionLab offers the opportunity for guided exploration, using the game situation as a motivator for the students.  3, record 1, English, - guided%20exploration

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Navigation dans laquelle l'apprenant a l'impression d'explorer librement le didacticiel, mais des stratégies pédagogiques sont mises en œuvre pour s'assurer que tous les points importants auront été vus.  3, record 1, French, - navigation%20guid%C3%A9e

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'exploration guidée offre un accès par menus simples à l'ensemble des ressources du disque.  3, record 1, French, - navigation%20guid%C3%A9e

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies techniques in the field of medicine.  2, record 2, English, - nanomedicine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology (the engineering of tiny machines) to the prevention and treatment of disease in the human body. This evolving discipline has the potential to dramatically change medical science. Established and near-future nanomedicine applications include activity monitors, chemotherapy, pacemakers, biochips, OTC [over-the-counter] tests, insulin pumps, nebulizers, needleless injectors, hearing aids, medical flow sensors and blood pressure, glucose monitoring and drug delivery systems.  3, record 2, English, - nanomedicine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The chapter on nanomedicine defines the field of nanomedicine and its objectives, keyed to the "biological existence proof" of the feasibility of nanotechnology. Several thought experiments are employed to help the reader develop an intuitive appreciation of time, space, and mechanics in the microworld, where nanorobots will be operating. The goals of biotechnology-based "molecular medicine" are carefully distinguished from the goals of nanomedicine. The evolution of the concept of nanomedicine and cell repair machines is described as the natural culmination of millennia of medical history. The limits of nanomedicine are presented, although by 20th century standards these limits appear, for the most part, quite tolerable and modest in scope. The applicability of the Hippocratic Oath in the nanomedical era is explored.  4, record 2, English, - nanomedicine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nano is a prefix meaning one billionth (1/1,000,000,000).  5, record 2, English, - nanomedicine

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Branche de la médecine concernée par l'application de la nanotechnologie dans la prévention et le traitement des maladies.  2, record 2, French, - nanom%C3%A9decine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La nanotechnologie, inspirée de la biologie mais rendue possible par le concours de la physique, de la chimie et de l'électronique, s'oriente actuellement dans trois directions principales : (1) la nanomécanique visant la réalisation de «moteurs» au niveau moléculaire, (2) la nanoélectronique visant la réalisation d'ordinateurs moléculaires ou quantiques, (3) la nanomédecine visant la réalisation d'ensembles moléculaires artificiels pouvant exercer une action sur le corps humain dans des buts thérapeutiques, éventuellement de manière nanoélectronique, et des effets (nano)mécaniques ou chimiques.  3, record 2, French, - nanom%C3%A9decine

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[La nanomédecine] inclut la surveillance, la réparation, la construction et le contrôle des systèmes biologiques humains au niveau moléculaire, utilisant les nanodispositifs et les nanostructures.  2, record 2, French, - nanom%C3%A9decine

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Rama de la medicina que] mediante el desarrollo y la aplicación de la nanotecnología, [pretende] mejorar el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades y lesiones traumáticas, así como preservar y mejorar la salud y calidad de vida del paciente.  2, record 2, Spanish, - nanomedicina

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La nanomedicina, aplicación de la nanotecnología en las ciencias de la salud, es la rama de la nanotecnología que se perfila como la de mayor proyección en un futuro próximo debido a sus importantes aplicaciones, especialmente diagnósticas y terapéuticas. La detección temprana de enfermedades, su tratamiento precoz personalizado y un preciso seguimiento posterior de su evolución serán posibles en los próximos años gracias a la aplicación de las herramientas nanotecnológicas que se están desarrollando actualmente. Los importantes avances en este campo podrían dar lugar a sistemas de diagnosis y tratamientos terapéuticos de mayor eficacia que los existentes, lo que redundaría en una mayor calidad de vida para el hombre.  3, record 2, Spanish, - nanomedicina

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A representation in which knowledge is bundled in bite-sized units and accessed by several modules of the system (Bonar et al. 1986). The bites communicate with each other to exchange information about the next curriculum topic, or to evaluate and respond to the student’s input.  3, record 3, English, - bite%2Dsized%20architecture

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The(bite-sized architecture) organizes tutoring functions around a decomposition of(domain expertise) into curriculum units reminiscent of WEST's issues. The prevalent paradigm for a number of prototypical systems under development at LRCD is to use these autonomous tutoring units called bites to guide the student's interaction with a microworld that illustrates the domain principles to be understood. The(bite-sized architecture) serves as a context for articulating principles of curriculum organization. This organization in turns supports an implementation of the concept of(steering testing), which combines diagnostic and didactic purposes into adaptive sequences of(heuristically generated tasks.)  2, record 3, English, - bite%2Dsized%20architecture

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Architecture didacticielle reconfigurable qui permet l'organisation des connaissances en micromodules conçus [en fonction de] buts pédagogiques.  1, record 3, French, - architecture%20tutorielle%20micromodulaire

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although they comprise a subset of the functions of knowledge communications systems, knowledge presentation systems implement a radically different pedagogical approach. By simply making knowledge available rather than actively communicating it, they leave most of the responsibility of managing the learning process to the student, who acts as his own tutor. In this sense, knowledge presentation systems are related to microworlds, which use a restricted simulation to let students explore a domain. The difference between simulation-based microworlds and knowledge presentation systems derives from the AI component central to the latter. While a microworld environment simulates a domain under study, a knowledge presentation system simulates knowledge about this domain. The student does not explore the world : he explores knowledge about the world.  1, record 4, English, - knowledge%20presentation%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A type of knowledge communication system.  1, record 4, English, - knowledge%20presentation%20system

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comparer à système de transmission des connaissances.  1, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20pr%C3%A9sentation%20du%20savoir

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] différentes formes de présentation des connaissances : tableaux, fiches, réseaux, diagrammes cartésiens, graphiques animés, etc.  2, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20pr%C3%A9sentation%20du%20savoir

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... an object-focussed embodiment of some designed environment, as described by an expert in the domain....  1, record 5, English, - miniworld

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare with "microworld. "  2, record 5, English, - miniworld

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a computer-based microworld, called the Envisioning Machine, presents graphical models of velocity and acceleration(see Roschelle, 1987).... The Envisioning Machine is a computer program designed to teach students about velocity and acceleration. It is a microworld-based system with two windows. The bottom window depicts the "Observable World". In this window, different motions of a ball are modeled. The top window depicts the "Newtonian World" which can contain two particles. These particles are graphical representations of properties of motion.... The students’ task is to watch a ball in the Observable World and then set the position, velocity, and acceleration of a particle in the Newtonian World so as to model the motion of the ball.  2, record 6, English, - envisioning%20machine

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The envisioning machine by Jeremy Roschelle at Xerox (Roschelle, 1987) ... presents a visualisation of concepts that have been very difficult to learn in the past.  1, record 6, English, - envisioning%20machine

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The trademark is "The Envisioning Machine".  3, record 6, English, - envisioning%20machine

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

SMITHTOWN(Shute an Glaser, 1986; Shute and Bonar, 1986) is a system for teaching economics, which combines a microworld for exploratory learning with a(bite-sized tutoring module.) The student is presented with a simulated town; she can vary parameters such as the supply or the price of certain goods to study the modifications induced in other parameters. Figure 7. 11 shows a snapshot of SMITHTOWN's "notebook" facility, which allows the student to record her experiments. The system implements two simultaneous pedagogical intentions : teaching principles of economics and teaching general investigative behaviors. Bites at the economics level monitor which laws the student is discovering, supplying the name of the new concept when she makes a relevant hypothesis. If the student flounders excessively, the system can become more directive and suggest experiments according to a curriculum that organizes the(domain bites). Bites for investigative behaviors monitor various skills of scientific inquiry such as the ability to collect and record data in a systematic way. At this level, the system acts as a coach, but it does not address inquiry skills directly, since these bites constitute a sort of(metacurriculum).  1, record 7, English, - bite%2Dsized%20tutoring%20module

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

module pédagogique : macrocomposante d'un didacticiel intelligent qui contient et gère les informations nécessaires au choix des interventions pédagogiques en fonction des informations fournies par le modèle de l'apprenant.  3, record 7, French, - module%20de%20microexpertise%20p%C3%A9dagogique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

micro-expertise : unité d'apprentissage du module expert ou du module pédagogique.  3, record 7, French, - module%20de%20microexpertise%20p%C3%A9dagogique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish