TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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The key to developing a parallel inference algorithm is to exploit or introduce independencies. In the sequential Monte Carlo samplers, this independence can lead to high variance in the resulting estimate. In [other algorithms], the independence is only achieved by introducing approximations.  2, record 1, English, - parallel%20inference%20algorithm

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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[The] paper investigates the Maximum Acquisition Values(MAVs) of weeding robots and their determinants in both organic and conventional sugar beet farming in Germany. The MAV is defined in [the] paper as the price of the weeding robot that renders the same net profit as the current weeding methods. For [the] analysis, a Monte Carlo simulation approach is used, combined with empirical data and data collected from weeding robot companies. The results show that the MAVs of mechanical weeding robots for organic farming are substantially higher than that of spot spraying robots for conventional farming.  1, record 2, English, - mechanical%20weeding%20robot

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Les équipements de sarclage mécanique ont des prix très variables. Des outils simples, comme des ressorts de torsion peuvent coûter aussi peu que 600 $ pour couvrir 4 rangs alors qu'un sarcleur lourd peut dépasser les 10 000 $. Lorsque nécessaire, un système de guidage peut être ajouté au sarcleur, ce qui représente une autre dépense. Pour un robot de désherbage mécanique, on parle de prix relativement élevés, pouvant se situer dans une fourchette allant de 40 000 $ à 140 000 $.  1, record 2, French, - robot%20de%20d%C3%A9sherbage%20m%C3%A9canique

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Sample distribution can be obtained by means of Monte Carlo techniques such as the Metropolis algorithms. These algorithms sample the space of possible surfaces according to the probability distribution that is determined by the prior knowledge of the allowed class of surfaces, the model of noise and the observed data.  2, record 3, English, - Metropolis%20algorithm

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The Simulated Annealing algorithm proposed by [researchers] is an extension of the Metropolis algorithm used for the simulation of the physical annealing process and is specially applied to solve NP-hard problems where it is very difficult to find the optimal solution or even near-to-optimum solutions.  3, record 3, English, - Metropolis%20algorithm

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Inventé en 1953 [...] l'algorithme de Metropolis était d'abord destiné à faire calculer par des ordinateurs les équations d'états de mélanges de molécules en interactions. Il s'est depuis lors révélé bien adapté pour résoudre de nombreux problèmes de mécanique statistique et de chimie.  2, record 3, French, - algorithme%20de%20Metropolis

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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[A] computer program designed to simulate the final states of high-energy collisions in full detail down to the level of individual stable particles.  2, record 4, English, - parton%20shower%20Monte%20Carlo%20event%20generator

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The basic idea leading to parton shower Monte Carlo event generators is to use Eq.... to convert the inclusive prediction for the occurrence of parton a in the beam hadron h into an exclusive prediction for parton a and a certain number of additional particles, which are resolved at smaller and smaller momentum transfer.  3, record 4, English, - parton%20shower%20Monte%20Carlo%20event%20generator

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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A randomized algorithm is called a Monte Carlo algorithm if it may fail or return incorrect answers, but has runtime independent of the randomness.  2, record 5, English, - Monte%20Carlo%20algorithm

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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[...] algorithmes de Monte-Carlo : l'algorithme peut se tromper[,] mais on connaît la probabilité qu'il donne la bonne réponse [...]  2, record 5, French, - algorithme%20de%20Monte%2DCarlo

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

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El método de Montecarlo es una técnica numérica para calcular probabilidades y otras cantidades relacionadas, utilizando secuencias de números aleatorios.  1, record 5, Spanish, - algoritmo%20de%20Montecarlo

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There are also tree traversal algorithms that classify as neither depth-first search nor breadth-first search. One such algorithm is Monte Carlo tree search, which concentrates on analyzing the most promising moves, basing the expansion of the search tree on random sampling of the search space.  2, record 6, English, - tree%20search%20algorithm

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Les techniques de propagation de contraintes sont utilisées pour réduire la taille de l'espace de recherche lors de la résolution d'un problème de satisfaction de contraintes par un algorithme de recherche arborescente.  3, record 6, French, - algorithme%20de%20recherche%20arborescente

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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The calculation of the neutron lifetime by the first-collisions probability method for nuclear power facilities … are described by a universal geometry … Algorithms for calculating the matrix elements using a universal geometric module, which … is used in programs for performing Monte Carlo calculations of particle transfer …  2, record 7, English, - first%2Dcollision%20probability%20method

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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Méthode des probabilités de première collision. Cette approche intégrale de l’équation de Boltzmann avec correction de transport est celle mise en œuvre dans les calculs d’assemblage de réacteurs. En pratique, l’opérateur intégral de Peierls est traité par une technique de volumes finis V_i (pour les réacteurs à eau, un à dix pour chaque pastille de combustible, un à trois pour chaque élément de modérateur associé, etc., tout cela dans une modélisation à deux dimensions de l’assemblage, supposé donc infiniment haut).  1, record 7, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20des%20probabilit%C3%A9s%20de%20premi%C3%A8re%20collision

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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Present R&D [research and development] Efforts and Needs. Physics Issues : Biases and uncertainties in reactivity coefficients. Scaling from critical experiments to power reactors. Modeling approximations/development. Deterministic vs. Stochastic(Monte Carlo). Heterogeneous vs. Homogenous. Size of homogenization regions. Multi-cell modeling. Discontinuity factors.  1, record 8, English, - multi%2Dcell%20modeling

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Le schéma de calcul mis en œuvre avec Apollo-2-F pour la génération des grandeurs nécessaires à un calcul Smart est basé sur le découplage du calcul de cellule et du calcul spatial (calcul de cœur). Le calcul de cellule est réalisé avec un découpage énergétique à 99 groupes sur une géométrie assemblage simplifiée par des regroupements (modélisation multicellule), chaque cellule étant discrétisée. Le calcul spatial est réalisé avec un découpage énergétique réduit à 6 groupes sur une géométrie assemblage discrétisée comportant des cellules homogènes.  1, record 8, French, - mod%C3%A9lisation%20multicellule

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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An approach to problem analysis which weighs risks in a situation by introducing probabilities to give a more accurate assessment of the risks involved.  2, record 9, English, - risk%20analysis

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In probability analysis a specific probability distribution is assigned to each variable selected within the sensitivity analysis step. Risk analysis exploits Monte Carlo simulation techniques to aggregate the probabilities assigned to the critical variables. In choosing the level of aggregation of the possibly critical variables within the sensitivity analysis, the literature suggests focusing on low-level quantities that compose the grand categories of cash flow.  3, record 9, English, - risk%20analysis

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risk analysis: Not to be confused with sensitivity analysis.  4, record 9, English, - risk%20analysis

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The result is most commonly reported in the form of a cumulative probability curve plotted on a graph, in which the vertical axis represents the probability that a measure of project worth will fall below a stated value, and the horizontal axis represents the values of the measure of project worth.  5, record 9, English, - risk%20analysis

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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Technique d'analyse de problèmes faisant appel au calcul des probabilités pour évaluer les risques d'échec en matière de prévisions ainsi que les coûts éventuels de ces échecs pour l'organisation.  3, record 9, French, - analyse%20du%20risque

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Técnica analítica mediante la que se determinan las probabilidades de ocurrencia con respecto a todos los elementos críticos del proyecto y después, por computadora, se hacen cálculos repetidos de una medida del valor del proyecto, en que cada elemento entra en computaciones sucesivas de acuerdo con su probabilidad de ocurrencia. El resultado se da a conocer más comúnmente en forma de una curva de probabilidad acumulativa trazada sobre un gráfico, en el que el eje vertical representa la probabilidad de que una medida del valor del proyecto caiga por debajo de un valor establecido, y el eje horizontal representa los valores de la medida del valor del proyecto.  2, record 9, Spanish, - an%C3%A1lisis%20de%20riesgo

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Compárese con análisis de sensibilidad.  2, record 9, Spanish, - an%C3%A1lisis%20de%20riesgo

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On April 24th 1970, FIAT-IFTA was founded in Monaco with the objective to promote "the preservation care through thanatological/embalming practices. "In 1988, FIAT-IFTA was transformed into a worldwide federation of funeral services and broadened its objectives. It is located in Monte Carlo, Principality of Monaco.  2, record 10, English, - International%20Federation%20of%20Thanatologists%20Associations

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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[...] la FIAT-IFTA a vu le jour officiellement le 24 avril 1970 à Monaco avec, comme premiers pays membres, la Belgique, le Canada, la France, l’Espagne, l’Italie et la Principauté de Monaco.  2, record 10, French, - F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration%20Internationale%20des%20Associations%20de%20Thanatologues

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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A technique used in computer simulation that serves to generate probabilistic outcomes of a model repeatedly and that, for all the simulations, provides a randomly chosen value for each variable on the basis of each distribution of the input parameters.  5, record 11, English, - Monte%20Carlo%20method

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For example, a Monte Carlo simulation can be used to represent or model many individual patients in a population with ranges of values for certain health characteristics or clinical outcomes. In some cases, the random components are added to the values of a known input variable to determine the effects of fluctuations of this variable on the values of the output variable.  5, record 11, English, - Monte%20Carlo%20method

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Monte Carlo method : term officially approved by the Government EDP [Electronic Data Processing] Standards Committee(GESC).  6, record 11, English, - Monte%20Carlo%20method

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Monte Carlo simulation : term and definition standardized by the Health Technology Assessment(HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  7, record 11, English, - Monte%20Carlo%20method

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Technique de simulation par ordinateur qui sert à générer à plusieurs reprises des résultats probabilistes d’un modèle et qui fournit pour toutes les simulations une valeur choisie au hasard pour chacune des variables à partir de chaque distribution des paramètres d’entrée.  2, record 11, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20Monte%2DCarlo

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On peut utiliser une simulation de Monte Carlo, par exemple, pour représenter ou modéliser de nombreux patients individuels dans une population présentant des écarts de valeurs pour certaines caractéristiques de santé ou certains résultats cliniques. Dans certains cas, les composants aléatoires sont ajoutés aux valeurs d’une variable d’entrée connue afin de déterminer les effets des fluctuations de cette variable sur les valeurs de la variable de sortie.  2, record 11, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20Monte%2DCarlo

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méthode de Monte-Carlo : terme uniformisé par le Comité des normes gouvernementales en informatique (CNGI).  4, record 11, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20Monte%2DCarlo

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simulation de Monte Carlo : terme et définition normalisés par l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) et le Bureau de la traduction.  5, record 11, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20Monte%2DCarlo

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Enfoque del problema de encontrar probabilidades con el cual las soluciones posibles de cierta actividad, proceso, experimento, etc., se pueden lograr con base en la experimentación y la simulación.  3, record 11, Spanish, - m%C3%A9todo%20de%20Monte%20Carlo

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Uso de números aleatorios, o secuencias aleatorias, para solucionar un problema que es difícil de resolver por un método completamente sistemático.  4, record 11, Spanish, - m%C3%A9todo%20de%20Monte%20Carlo

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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A probabilistic analysis method combined with the Markov model, which captures the transitional probabilities between various states to study the interaction between the probability distributions attached to each variable.  3, record 12, English, - Markov%20chain%20Monte%20Carlo%20method

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This type of simulation provides an estimate of the degree of uncertainty in a model. It is widely used in Bayesian analysis to build or update models of the joint distribution of variables.  3, record 12, English, - Markov%20chain%20Monte%20Carlo%20method

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Markov chain Monte Carlo method; MCMC : term, abbreviation and definition standardized by the Health Technology Assessment(HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  4, record 12, English, - Markov%20chain%20Monte%20Carlo%20method

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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Méthode d’analyse probabiliste combinée avec le modèle de Markov, qui enregistre les probabilités de transition, entre divers états pour étudier l’interaction entre les distributions de probabilités rattachées à chaque variable.  1, record 12, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20Monte%20Carlo%20par%20cha%C3%AEne%20de%20Markov

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Ce type de simulation fournit une estimation du degré d’incertitude d’un modèle. Il est largement utilisé en analyse bayésienne pour construire ou actualiser des modèles de distributions combinées de variables.  1, record 12, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20Monte%20Carlo%20par%20cha%C3%AEne%20de%20Markov

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

méthode de Monte Carlo par chaîne de Markov; simulation Monte Carlo par chaîne de Markov; méthode de Monte Carlo en chaîne de Markov : termes et définition normalisés par l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) et le Bureau de la traduction.  2, record 12, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20Monte%20Carlo%20par%20cha%C3%AEne%20de%20Markov

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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An interdisciplinary field that uses the techniques of applied mathematics, informatics, statistics and computer science to address biological problems.  3, record 13, English, - computational%20biology

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Computational biology focuses on hypothesis testing and discovery in the biological domain ...  3, record 13, English, - computational%20biology

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Examples include methods of calculating from first principles such as Ab Initio, Monte Carlo or other simulation programs applied to looking at protein-protein interactions, protein folding, drug binding site elucidation, etc.  4, record 13, English, - computational%20biology

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bioinformatics: Although sometimes used as a synonym, the term bioinformatics usually refers to the management and analysis of biological data using advanced computing techniques.  5, record 13, English, - computational%20biology

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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[...] la biologie computationnelle [...] désigne l'investigation au moyen d’hypothèses d’un problème biologique précis, à l’aide d’ordinateurs et en utilisant des données expérimentales et simulées, l’objectif premier étant la découverte et l’avancement des connaissances biologiques.  5, record 13, French, - biologie%20computationnelle

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bio-informatique : Les termes bio-informatique et biologie computationnelle sont souvent utilisés de manière interchangeable. Toutefois, la bio-informatique désigne plus exactement la création et l’avancement des algorithmes, des techniques computationnelles et des statistiques, la théorie pour résoudre les problèmes formels et pratiques que posent la gestion et l’analyse des données biologiques, ou qui s’en inspirent.  5, record 13, French, - biologie%20computationnelle

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informatique biologique : Parfois utilisé comme synonyme, mais désigne surtout l'utilisation de la biologie dans la construction et le fonctionnement d'ordinateurs ou comme inspiration pour leur conception.  4, record 13, French, - biologie%20computationnelle

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

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La bioinformática, según una de sus definiciones más sencillas, es la aplicación de tecnología de computadores a la gestión y análisis de datos biológicos. Los términos bioinformática, biología computacional y, en ocasiones, biocomputación, utilizados en muchas situaciones como sinónimos, hacen referencia a campos de estudios interdisciplinarios muy vinculados, que requieren el uso o el desarrollo de diferentes técnicas que incluyen informática, matemática aplicada, estadística, ciencias de la computación, inteligencia artificial, química y bioquímica para solucionar problemas, analizar datos, o simular sistemas o mecanismos, todos ellos de índole biológica, y usualmente (pero no de forma exclusiva) en el nivel molecular […]  2, record 13, Spanish, - biolog%C3%ADa%20computacional

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Incluye la creación, gestión y consulta de bases de datos donde se almacena esa información; el desarrollo y aplicación de algoritmos de recuperación de ese conocimiento, y el análisis sistemático y computacional de este conocimiento.  3, record 13, Spanish, - biolog%C3%ADa%20computacional

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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Computational capability has been developed to calculate sensitivity coefficients of generalized responses with respect to cross-section data in the SCALE code system. The focus of this paper is the implementation of generalized perturbation theory (GPT) for one-dimensional and two-dimensional deterministic neutron transport calculations. GPT is briefly summarized for computing sensitivity coefficients for reaction rate ratio responses within the existing framework of the TSUNAMI sensitivity and uncertainty (S/U) analysis code package in SCALE. GPT provides the capability to analyze generalized responses related to reactor analysis, such as homogenized cross-sections, relative powers, and conversion ratios, as well as measured experimental parameters.  1, record 14, English, - generalized%20perturbation%20theory

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The SCALE code system includes a sensitivity and uncertainty(S/U) analysis code package called TSUNAMI. TSUNAMI originally focused on keff responses for criticality safety analysis and included the capability to compute sensitivity coefficients using forward and adjoint solutions from three-dimensional Monte Carlo or one-dimensional(1D) discrete ordinates eigenvalue calculations.  1, record 14, English, - generalized%20perturbation%20theory

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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Méthode GPT. Au milieu des années 1960, Usachev, Lewins et Gandini généralisèrent la théorie des perturbations à toute sorte d’observable, paramètre physique pouvant être mesuré (et/ou calculé), qui peut être représenté sous la forme d’un rapport de quantités intégrales, linéaires du flux et/ou du flux adjoint. Pour reconstruire la valeur d’un observable d’un système multiplicateur dans des conditions perturbées, la théorie généralisée des perturbations […] fait appel à une fonction particulière, dite fonction importance généralisée, qui est la solution unique de l’équation du bilan adjointe du système à laquelle on ajoute un terme inhomogène, appelé source généralisée. Ce terme, qui est strictement orthogonal au mode fondamental, contient, au premier ordre, l’information sur la nature de la perturbation et son impact sur le flux.  1, record 14, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralis%C3%A9e%20des%20perturbations

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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Russian roulette is a technique used to terminate unimportant histories when the particle weight has fallen below some minimum value or its direction becomes statistically unimportant (n_f for instance). This technique decreases the number of particles that must be tracked further.  1, record 15, English, - Russian%20roulette

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Geometry splitting associated with Russian roulette is one of the most widely used variance reduction techniques in Monte Carlo codes.  1, record 15, English, - Russian%20roulette

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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Splitting. Dans les calculs de propagation profonde, les effets d’angle solide font en sorte que la plupart des particules ratent la cible (qui, en général, possède des dimensions assez petites par rapport à celles de la source et aux distances en jeu) : les temps de calcul risquent alors de devenir prohibitifs. La technique du splitting, qui consiste à dédoubler en fragments de poids réduit chaque particule franchissant une surface donnée dans la direction de la cible, permet de conserver partiellement l’information de la composante de vitesse utile. Après génération, chaque fragment est suivi individuellement et peut, à son tour, subir des fragmentations. L’idée est donc de multiplier le nombre de particules, quitte à en diminuer le poids, aux environs de la cible. Chaque fragment traversant la cible fournira, alors, une contribution — réduite — à la fonction réponse recherchée. Le procédé complémentaire, la roulette russe, est appliqué aux échantillons, ou fragments d’échantillons, traversant une surface de splitting dans la mauvaise direction par rapport à la cible : une fois sur deux, on annihile la particule et l’autre fois on continue à la suivre avec un poids multiplié par deux. On génère ainsi une population éparse de particules lourdes loin de la cible.  1, record 15, French, - roulette%20russe

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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The idea of giving a weight to the particles, in proportion to their likely contribution to the result being sought. This should be associated with the Russian roulette consisting of “killing” particles whose weight is too low, with a probability that is proportional to the weight, and the “duplication” or “splitting” of particles that are too heavy. It can also be sometimes of interest to replace absorptions (capture and fission) by weight charges, without stopping the particles …  3, record 16, English, - splitting%20technique

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… the optimization and quantification of particle splitting [is] a variance reduction technique that decreases the variance of a run, [sigma], or its relative error, R, while increasing its computational time, [tau]. This splitting technique is described in several papers, books, and reports. Geometry splitting associated with Russian roulette is one of the most widely used variance reduction techniques in Monte Carlo codes. When used effectively(i. e. splitting a volume in the right number of layers), this method causes a net increase in the figure of merit, FOM … [In a given example of splitting technique], an incident neutron n₀ of weight W is split at the boundary crossing into two identical neutrons n_a and n_b(same energy, direction) having half the weight of n₀. The number of split particles and their weight are given by the ratio of weight associated with each volume of the problem.  1, record 16, English, - splitting%20technique

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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Splitting. Dans les calculs de propagation profonde, les effets d’angle solide font en sorte que la plupart des particules ratent la cible (qui, en général, possède des dimensions assez petites par rapport à celles de la source et aux distances en jeu) : les temps de calcul risquent alors de devenir prohibitifs. La technique du splitting, qui consiste à dédoubler en fragments de poids réduit chaque particule franchissant une surface donnée dans la direction de la cible, permet de conserver partiellement l’information de la composante de vitesse utile. Après génération, chaque fragment est suivi individuellement et peut, à son tour, subir des fragmentations. L’idée est donc de multiplier le nombre de particules, quitte à en diminuer le poids, aux environs de la cible. Chaque fragment traversant la cible fournira, alors, une contribution — réduite — à la fonction réponse recherchée. Le procédé complémentaire, la roulette russe, est appliqué aux échantillons, ou fragments d’échantillons, traversant une surface de splitting dans la mauvaise direction par rapport à la cible : une fois sur deux, on annihile la particule et l’autre fois on continue à la suivre avec un poids multiplié par deux. On génère ainsi une population éparse de particules lourdes loin de la cible.  1, record 16, French, - technique%20du%20splitting

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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Integral transport methods. The integral transport methods construct an expression for the angular flux at a given location by integrating over all external and scattering sources that could contribute, taking in account the probability of the source neutral reaching the given location without a collision. The collision probability method result from partitioning the domain of the problem into a large number of finite size regions and formulating the equation to calculate the average value of the neutral flux in each region. Like the Monte Carlo method, the result of collision probability method can be very accurate. This method has been successfully implemented for neutral propagating in 3D rectangular grids. Since the collision probability method is based on a global particle balance, the neutral flux at a given region is coupled to the neutral scalar flux of any other regions via collision probabilities which must be calculated by multi-dimensional numerical integration involving expensive evaluation of Bickley functions.  3, record 17, English, - collision%20probability%20method

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans la méthode de résolution par probabilité de collision, on découpe l’espace en éléments de volumes V_i, que l’on va considérer comme homogènes, et l’on calcule les facteurs de probabilité de collision qui représentent la probabilité qu’un neutronémis dans le volume V_i subisse sa première interaction dans le volume V_j. On entend par neutron émis dans V_i tout neutron qui y a été créé ou dont les caractéristiques (énergie, direction) y ont été modifiées suite à une diffusion ou à une autre interaction.  1, record 17, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20r%C3%A9solution%20par%20probabilit%C3%A9%20de%20collision

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Radiative absorption properties of a number of propellants have been determined in the visible and near UV spectral regions. These data are required for evaluating the radiation energy distribution within a bed from a plasma. These data and a radiation propagation code(Monte Carlo, non-sequential ray tracing) will be used to determine the radiative energy distribution within a propellant bed. Heat flux/fluence gages are described that will be used to measure and differentiate between the convective and radiative energy delivered to a propellant bed.  1, record 18, English, - radiative%20propagation%20code

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour être utilisables dans les codes de propagation des rayonnements, les sections efficaces doivent obligatoirement subir un traitement à la fois physique, numérique et informatique. Celui-ci découle de la nature des informations stockées dans les évaluations, de la nature du problème physique étudié et des méthodes numériques implémentées dans les codes de transport utilisés.  1, record 18, French, - code%20de%20propagation%20des%20rayonnements

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The results for 80 fuel rods of varying material composition exposed to different neutron moderation conditions in the reactor core are compared with the results of a Monte Carlo full-assembly calculation.  1, record 19, English, - neutron%20moderation%20conditions

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contrôle par la limitation de la masse de matières fissiles associée ou non à des conditions de modération neutronique.  1, record 19, French, - conditions%20de%20mod%C3%A9ration%20neutronique

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... these atomistic techniques are still quite time consuming and the development of models at larger time and space scales are another very promising direction. It includes the so called Event Monte Carlo Simulations(Jerk), Object Kinetic Monte Carlo(OKMC) Cluster Dynamics or atomic scale based Phase Field methods.  1, record 20, English, - event%20Monte%20Carlo%20simulation

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aperçu sur les méthodes de modélisation [...] Monte Carlo sur événements : les objets concernés sont les défauts ponctuels et les amas de défauts ponctuels. Cette méthode décrit des évolutions temporelles en utilisant des méthodes statistiques de Monte Carlo appliquées à des «événements» élémentaires variés décrivant les différentes possibilités d'évolution des objets, avec des constantes de temps différentes. Les interactions entre les différents objets sont traitées simultanément à chaque pas de calcul. Il est possible d'atteindre de grandes échelles de temps et de taille mais on perd des informations sur les structures atomiques.  1, record 20, French, - Monte%20Carlo%20sur%20%C3%A9v%C3%A9nements

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We present a new Monte Carlo lattice model to study the folding of two-dimensional heteropolymer chains. Previous lattice model studies of two-dimensional chains have been performed on square grids using predefined "move sets" of allowed moves. The motion of the polymer chain in these models is thus highly constrained. To add greater flexibility, we use a triangular lattice and allow the chain to choose its own moves. Physically unrealistic moves are prevented by including kinetic energy effects in the Metropolis algorithm. From the results, we can characterize all of the possible one-and two-monomer moves and sort them according to relative importance. Greater flexibility in the lattice model produces several significant and interesting physical consequences.  1, record 21, English, - Monte%20Carlo%20lattice%20model

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aperçu sur les méthodes de modélisation [...] Monte Carlo sur réseau : la diffusion des atomes par mécanisme lacunaire est décrite par des sauts atomiques discrets plutôt que par des trajectoires continues comme dans le cas de la dynamique moléculaire. Les fréquences des sauts des atomes sont déterminées par des calculs ab initio ou par la dynamique moléculaire. Cette simulation est relativement lente et ne prend pas en compte les déplacements collectifs.  1, record 21, French, - Monte%20Carlo%20sur%20r%C3%A9seau

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To study small scale temperature variations in the vicinity of noctilucent clouds(NLC) neutral density measurements by means of rocket borne ionization gauges have been converted to temperatures assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. The correction of aerodynamic disturbances caused by the supersonic motion of the sounding rockets has been performed applying Monte Carlo simulations and wind tunnel measurements.  1, record 23, English, - aerodynamic%20disturbance

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An aerodynamic raingauge, designed to minimise loss of rainfall catch caused by disturbance of the airflow around it.  2, record 23, English, - aerodynamic%20disturbance

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La mesure correcte des précipitations est délicate, bien que le pluviomètre soit l'appareil de mesure météorologique le plus répandu. Quel que soit le matériel utilisé, le pluviomètre crée une perturbation aérodynamique qui modifie plus ou moins le champ des précipitations en créant, dans son voisinage immédiat, des tourbillons qui affectent la quantité de pluie, et surtout de neige, captée.  2, record 23, French, - perturbation%20a%C3%A9rodynamique

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the United States Federal Aviation Administration has the Airfield Delay Model which simulates all significant aircraft movements performed on an aerodrome and its runway approach paths during an extended period of time. Such models are able to consider a variety of input variables such as: a) aircraft mix; b) traffic volume; c) traffic peaking; d) aerodrome layouts (taxiway and runway); e) terminal destinations of aircraft; f) runway configurations; g) taxiway configurations; h) rapid exit taxiways; and i) use of particular runways by categories of aircraft. From these inputs, these models produce output for evaluation and comparison which include: a) taxiing fuel costs; b) taxiing distances; c) taxiing travel times; d) taxiing delays; and e) runway arrival and departure delays.  1, record 24, English, - airfield%20delay%20model

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Airfield Delay Simulation Model(ADSIM) is a fast-time, discrete event model, which employs stochastic processes and Monte Carlo sampling techniques. It describes significant movements of aircraft on the airport and the effects of delay in the adjacent airspace.  2, record 24, English, - airfield%20delay%20model

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'OACI emploie le terme anglais dans la version française.  1, record 24, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20simulation%20des%20retards%20des%20a%C3%A9ronefs%20au%20d%C3%A9part

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In practice, DLA clusters are grown from the centre of a cell and one record the number of sites in the cluster when its radius of gyration becomes equal to the cell size. Then the number of such occurrences is determined as a function of the number of sites in the cluster at that time. The data are fitted to a Gaussian, and the resulting curve is integrated to obtain Monte Carlo estimates of the coefficients in the renormalization transformation.  1, record 25, English, - Gaussian

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Of special interest is the calculation of confidence intervals for the distribution of CCDF's obtained by the two phase Monte Carlo sampling procedure, allowing a distinction between knowledge and stochastic uncertainty  1, record 26, English, - Monte%20Carlo%20sampling%20procedure

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The result of Monte Carlo analysis can be displayed as sweet plots, histograms, run charts, yield, scattering diagrams and cumulative probability distribution plots.  1, record 27, English, - cumulative%20probability%20distribution

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The DND will only accept risk management strategies where quantitative risk assessment (the CANTOX method) has shown that risks can be successfully mitigated.  1, record 28, English, - CANTOX%20method

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

According to Mr. Gervais Leclerc, contaminated soils specialist at Environment Canada, CANTOX refers to a computer modelling technique that is used in epidemiological studies to quantitatively assess risk resulting from exposure to a contaminant. In this particular instance, soil samples are being analyzed following the closure of gasoline stations. Other models that are sometimes used in include the stochastic Monte Carlo simulation technique(where the exposure factor is not considered) and Environment Canada's AERIS method.  2, record 28, English, - CANTOX%20method

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Programme informatique utilisé pour modéliser les risques pour la santé suite à une exposition à un contaminant.  1, record 28, French, - mod%C3%A9lisation%20%C3%A0%20l%27aide%20du%20programme%20CANTOX

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mathematical representation, based on theory or empiricism, of the transmission through and absorption of radiation by a medium such as the atmosphere.  2, record 29, English, - radiation%20model

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

They [radiation models] may be relatively simple approximations, as in the two stream and delta Eddington models, which are basically monochromatic models. More complicated broadband models include the correlated-k, and more complicated scattering models include Monte Carlo models. Use of radiation models has replaced earlier use of radiation charts.  3, record 29, English, - radiation%20model

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Représentation mathématique, basée sur la théorie ou l'empirisme, de la transmission et de l'absorption du rayonnement à travers un milieu tel que l'atmosphère.  1, record 29, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20rayonnement

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Representación matemática, basada en la teoría o el empirismo, de la transmisión y de la absorción de la radiación a través de un medio como la atmósfera.  1, record 29, Spanish, - modelo%20de%20la%20radiaci%C3%B3n