TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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The calculation of the neutron lifetime by the first-collisions probability method for nuclear power facilities … are described by a universal geometry … Algorithms for calculating the matrix elements using a universal geometric module, which … is used in programs for performing Monte Carlo calculations of particle transfer …  2, record 1, English, - first%2Dcollision%20probability%20method

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Méthode des probabilités de première collision. Cette approche intégrale de l’équation de Boltzmann avec correction de transport est celle mise en œuvre dans les calculs d’assemblage de réacteurs. En pratique, l’opérateur intégral de Peierls est traité par une technique de volumes finis V_i (pour les réacteurs à eau, un à dix pour chaque pastille de combustible, un à trois pour chaque élément de modérateur associé, etc., tout cela dans une modélisation à deux dimensions de l’assemblage, supposé donc infiniment haut).  1, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20des%20probabilit%C3%A9s%20de%20premi%C3%A8re%20collision

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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… we describe a new spectral nodal method for solving discrete ordinates(S_N) neutron transport problems with anisotropic scattering for arbitrary order N of angular quadrature. The key to our new spectral nodal method is a consistent derivation of nonstandard auxiliary equations that relate angular neutron fluxes only in the upwind directions. These nonstandard equations are angularly coupled extensions of very basic auxiliary equations proposed by Edward W. Larsen in his extended diamond scheme of solving S₂ problems in the presence of scattering and free from spatial truncation error.  1, record 2, English, - diamond%20scheme

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Si on fait l’hypothèse que le flux est linéaire à la fois en fonction de l’espace et de l’angle sur chaque intervalle de la discrétisation, on peut mettre en œuvre une technique de résolution numérique basée sur le schéma diamant.  1, record 2, French, - sch%C3%A9ma%20diamant

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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ATHLET is composed of several basic modules for the simulation of the different phenomena involved in the operation of a light water reactor :-thermo-fluiddynamics(TFD)-heat transfer and heat conduction(HECU)-neutron kinetics(NEUKIN)-and control and balance-of-plant(GCSM) together with the fully implicit numerical time integration method FEBE.  3, record 3, English, - analysis%20of%20thermal%2Dhydraulics%20of%20leaks%20and%20transients

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Computer code ATHLET Mod 1.1 (Analysis of Thermal-Hydraulics of Leaks and Transients) ...  4, record 3, English, - analysis%20of%20thermal%2Dhydraulics%20of%20leaks%20and%20transients

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analysis of thermal hydraulics of leaks and transients; ATHLET: term and abbreviation extracted from the “Glossaire de l’énergie nucléaire” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  5, record 3, English, - analysis%20of%20thermal%2Dhydraulics%20of%20leaks%20and%20transients

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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analyse des phénomènes thermohydrauliques liés aux fuites et transitoires : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’énergie nucléaire» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 3, French, - analyse%20des%20ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8nes%20thermohydrauliques%20li%C3%A9s%20aux%20fuites%20et%20transitoires

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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In neutron transport theory, a method of analysis of the transport equation whereby the integral term describing scattering is replaced by a formula of numerical integration.  1, record 4, English, - Wick%2DChandrasekhar%20method

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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A method for calculating the thermal neutron spectrum in a hydrogenous medium using the free-gas model.  1, record 5, English, - Wigner%2DWilkins%20method

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Wigner-Wilkins method: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 5, English, - Wigner%2DWilkins%20method

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode de calcul du spectre des neutrons thermiques dans un milieu hydrogéné, utilisant le mode de gaz libre.  1, record 5, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20Wigner%2DWilkins

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méthode de Wigner-Wilkins : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 5, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20Wigner%2DWilkins

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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A method for determining the Rossi alpha by measuring the statistical distribution of time intervals between successive pulses in a neutron detector in a reactor operating at a very low power.  1, record 6, English, - Rossi%2Dalpha%20method

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Rossi-alpha method: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 6, English, - Rossi%2Dalpha%20method

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Méthode pour déterminer l'alpha de Rossi par la mesure de la distribution statistique des intervalles de temps entre les impulsions successives dans un détecteur de neutrons à l'intérieur d'un réacteur fonctionnant à très basse puissance.  1, record 6, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20l%27alpha%20de%20Rossi

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méthode de l'alpha de Rossi : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 6, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20l%27alpha%20de%20Rossi

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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A radioactivity logging method used in boreholes in which a neutron source provides neutrons which enter rock formations encountered and induce additional gamma radiation which is measured by use of an ionization chamber.  2, record 7, English, - neutron%20logging

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... neutrons can be emitted from a substance when its nucleus is penetrated by gamma particles from a highly radioactive source. This property is used in neutron logging.  3, record 7, English, - neutron%20logging

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The gamma radiation so induced [by the neutrons which enter rock formations] is related to the hydrogen content of the rock.  2, record 7, English, - neutron%20logging

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

diagraphie : Méthodes de mesure de certains paramètres physiques des formations traversées par le sondage [...] traduit parfois, mais improprement, par carottage [...]  1, record 7, French, - diagraphie%20de%20neutrons

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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A method that consists in irradiating radioactive material, such as a waste parcel, with a pulsed neutron beam before analyzing the resulting reemission of neutrons.  3, record 8, English, - neutron%20interrogation

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Méthode de mesure qui consiste à exposer un objet, par exemple un colis de déchets radioactifs, à un flux de neutrons et à analyser le flux de neutrons réémis.  2, record 8, French, - interrogation%20neutronique

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interrogation neutronique : terme publié au Journal officiel de la République française le 21 décembre 2013.  3, record 8, French, - interrogation%20neutronique

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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A method for calculating the attenuation of neutron and gamma-radiation by using the transport equation to determine spatial moments of particle flux density.  1, record 9, English, - moments%20method

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mean range: term and definition standardized by ISO in 1997.  2, record 9, English, - moments%20method

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode de calcul de l'atténuation de rayonnements neutroniques et gamma utilisant l'équation du transport pour déterminer les moments spatiaux du débit de fluence de particules.  1, record 9, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20des%20moments

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

méthode des moments : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO en 1997.  2, record 9, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20des%20moments

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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The idea of giving a weight to the particles, in proportion to their likely contribution to the result being sought. This should be associated with the Russian roulette consisting of “killing” particles whose weight is too low, with a probability that is proportional to the weight, and the “duplication” or “splitting” of particles that are too heavy. It can also be sometimes of interest to replace absorptions (capture and fission) by weight charges, without stopping the particles …  3, record 10, English, - splitting%20technique

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

… the optimization and quantification of particle splitting [is] a variance reduction technique that decreases the variance of a run, [sigma], or its relative error, R, while increasing its computational time, [tau]. This splitting technique is described in several papers, books, and reports. Geometry splitting associated with Russian roulette is one of the most widely used variance reduction techniques in Monte Carlo codes. When used effectively(i. e. splitting a volume in the right number of layers), this method causes a net increase in the figure of merit, FOM … [In a given example of splitting technique], an incident neutron n₀ of weight W is split at the boundary crossing into two identical neutrons n_a and n_b(same energy, direction) having half the weight of n₀. The number of split particles and their weight are given by the ratio of weight associated with each volume of the problem.  1, record 10, English, - splitting%20technique

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Splitting. Dans les calculs de propagation profonde, les effets d’angle solide font en sorte que la plupart des particules ratent la cible (qui, en général, possède des dimensions assez petites par rapport à celles de la source et aux distances en jeu) : les temps de calcul risquent alors de devenir prohibitifs. La technique du splitting, qui consiste à dédoubler en fragments de poids réduit chaque particule franchissant une surface donnée dans la direction de la cible, permet de conserver partiellement l’information de la composante de vitesse utile. Après génération, chaque fragment est suivi individuellement et peut, à son tour, subir des fragmentations. L’idée est donc de multiplier le nombre de particules, quitte à en diminuer le poids, aux environs de la cible. Chaque fragment traversant la cible fournira, alors, une contribution — réduite — à la fonction réponse recherchée. Le procédé complémentaire, la roulette russe, est appliqué aux échantillons, ou fragments d’échantillons, traversant une surface de splitting dans la mauvaise direction par rapport à la cible : une fois sur deux, on annihile la particule et l’autre fois on continue à la suivre avec un poids multiplié par deux. On génère ainsi une population éparse de particules lourdes loin de la cible.  1, record 10, French, - technique%20du%20splitting

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ray effects. An artefact related to the method of discrete ordinates, known as the “ray effect, ” is illustrated … For a two-dimensional case, which is easier to represent, we have considered the problem of a point source in a purely absorbent medium. The arrows represent the directions of the discrete ordinates, and the squares represent the meshing of the spatial discretisation. Because neutrons are obliged to travel along the discrete directions, we note that only the shaded mesh elements will “see” a certain neutron flux, since the others cannot receive any neutrons. The resulting lines are clearly visible on the diagram. In practical cases, the artefact is never so clear, since the sources are spread out and there is scattering, but it can still be identified. The only way to improve this situation is to refine the angular meshing.  1, record 11, English, - ray%20effect

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Effets de raies. Un artefact lié à la méthode des ordonnées discrètes, connu sous le terme d'«effet de raies» est illustré […] Pour un cas à deux dimensions, plus facile à représenter, nous avons considéré le cas d’une source ponctuelle, dans un milieu purement absorbant […] Puisque les neutrons sont assujettis à voyager selon les directions discrètes […] seules les mailles grisées «verront» un certain flux neutronique, les autres ne pouvant pas recevoir de neutrons. [Des] raies […] en résultent […]  2, record 11, French, - effet%20de%20raies

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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Error analysis of the nodal expansion method for solving the neutron diffusion equation.  3, record 12, English, - %20nodal%20expansion%20method

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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Méthode d’expansion nodale. Dans la méthode d’expansion nodale, l’opérateur de calcul du courant d’interface est basé sur la résolution de l’équation de la diffusion selon la direction transverse à la composante du courant qu’on cherche.  1, record 12, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%26rsquo%3Bexpansion%20nodale

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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A method based on the pseudo-harmonics method was developed to solve the fixed source problem. The pseudo-harmonics method is based on the eigenfunctions associated with the leakage and removal matrix operator of the neutron diffusion equation, which [can] be treated … in three dimensions and two groups of energy. This matrix [can be] built … through the nodal discretization supplied by coarse mesh finite differences method(CMFDM).  1, record 13, English, - pseudo%2Dharmonics%20method

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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Pour pallier les inconvénients et les limitations de la méthode SM [méthode des ordonnées discrètes], de nombreuses méthodes ont été proposées, notamment dans le but de compléter le jeu de fonctions propres de l’opérateur de Boltzmann. On retiendra la méthode des pseudo-harmoniques, développée par EDF [Électricité de France] dans les années 1985, et la méthode French, proposée par le CEA [Commissariat à l’énergie atomique].  1, record 13, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20des%20pseudo%2Dharmoniques

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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The simultaneous photon and neutron interrogation experiment(SIMPHONIE) method... combines both active neutron interrogation and induced photofission interrogation techniques simultaneously. Its purpose is to quantify fissile(²³⁵U, [exponents 239, 241] Pu,...) and non-fissile([exponents 236, 238] U, [exponents 238, 240] Pu,...) elements separately in only one measurement.  1, record 14, English, - induced%20photofission%20interrogation%20technique

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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[Méthodes non destructives actives.] Les plus utilisées sont incontestablement la mesure neutronique active, la transmission photonique en ligne droite, la gamma fluorescence X et, à une échelle moins importante, la tomographie par transmission, l'interrogation par photofissions induites, l'activation photonique et la tomographie par photofission.  1, record 14, French, - interrogation%20par%20photofissions%20induites

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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Application of the radioreagent method for yield determination in neutron activation analysis.  3, record 15, English, - radioreagent%20method

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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Les méthodes radiométriques ont de nombreuses variantes, parfois difficiles à distinguer les unes des autres. Leur point commun est de faire réagir un réactif marqué par un radio-isotope d'activité spécifique connue avec l'élément ou le composé à doser. Ces méthodes sont quelquefois regroupées sous le nom de méthode des réactifs radioactifs (radioreagent methods : RMs), certains auteurs réservant cette appellation à la dilution dérivée.  1, record 15, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20des%20r%C3%A9actifs%20radioactifs

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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The neutron resonance absorption spectroscopy(N-RAS) is a method to study the dynamics of nuclides by analyzing the Doppler broadening of their resonance spectra.  1, record 16, English, - neutron%20resonance%20absorption

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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L'extrême complexité des courbes de sections efficaces des noyaux lourds, notamment l'uranium 238, dans le domaine du ralentissement des neutrons rend le problème du calcul de l'absorption résonnante des neutrons particulièrement ardu.  1, record 16, French, - absorption%20r%C3%A9sonante%20des%20neutrons

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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The Movable In-Core Instrumentation System is an automated, three-dimensional method of measuring reactor core neutron flux density. Flux maps are produced by successively passing a neutron-sensitive detector axially through the reactor core.  2, record 17, English, - movable%20in%2Dcore%20instrumentation%20system

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Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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A simple method for correcting the neutron self-shielding effect of matrix and improving the analytical response in prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis.  1, record 18, English, - self%2Dshielding%20effect

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Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of reducing solid waste volume by burning. The solid wastes are either sorted or fed directly into the incinerator where they are subjected to intense heat. The subsequent residue amounts to about 10% of the original volume ....  3, record 20, English, - incineration

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A proposed method for reducing the very long-term alpha radioactivity of unwanted actinides(e. g., americium, curium) by neutron irradiation in a fast reactor, leading to fission. Also applied to the use of fast reactors to consume, rather than create plutonium.  4, record 20, English, - incineration

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Many solid wastes are stored or disposed of in the form in which they exist without further treatment .... Other wastes, such as trash, can be treated by methods such as compaction or incineration to reduce the volume and enhance the stability of the waste, for example, hospital wastes.  5, record 20, English, - incineration

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aux termes de la loi [Loi sur la qualité de l'environnement], brûlage contrôlé des déchets solides, dans un bâtiment spécialement conçu à cette fin.  2, record 20, French, - incin%C3%A9ration

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L'incinération est une technique des plus intéressantes du point de vue de la réduction de volume, certes, mais aussi parce qu'elle met les déchets sous une forme particulièrement stable et qu'elle permet enfin la récupération ultérieure de certains radionucléides, notamment les émetteurs a [alpha]. Enfin, elle est particulièrement adaptée aux déchets putrescibles ou pathogènes de la recherche biologique, aux déchets cellulosiques et aux liquides organiques [...]  3, record 20, French, - incin%C3%A9ration

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Voir aussi «combustion».  4, record 20, French, - incin%C3%A9ration

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 PHR

incinération à très haute température, en air raréfié, en pilote actif, en prototype inactif, oxydante, scorifiante.  4, record 20, French, - incin%C3%A9ration

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 PHR

enrobage des cendres d'incinération, four, installation, poste, usine d'incinération.  4, record 20, French, - incin%C3%A9ration

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método de eliminación de residuos mediante transformación de la fracción combustible en materias inertes y gases después de una combustion a temperatura elevada.  2, record 20, Spanish, - incineraci%C3%B3n

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An analytical technique analogous to x-ray diffraction in which an incident beam of neutrons is scattered by the atoms of a crystal.  2, record 21, English, - neutron%20diffraction

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Because elements that are close to each other in the Periodic Table differ considerably in their neutron-scattering ability, neutron diffraction is capable of distinguishing between them. For example, carbon nitrogen, and oxygen atoms can be readily identified by neutron diffraction, where as they appear almost identical by the x-ray method. More accurate determination of the bond lengths of light atoms and distribution of molecular bonding electrons is also possible. Details of molecular structure that can only be inferred by other techniques can often be observed directly by neutron diffraction. Investigations using this method include hydrogen bonding, so-called metal cluster compounds(C. H. M relationships) and electronic charge distributions.  2, record 21, English, - neutron%20diffraction

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

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En réalité la seule méthode capable de déceler la structure atomique de la plupart des macromolécules est la diffraction des rayons X par des cristaux. [...] La diffraction neutronique est surtout utilisée pour placer les atomes d'hydrogène, trop légers pour être normalement détectés par diffraction des rayons X, dans des modèles atomiques obtenus par cette dernière méthode.  4, record 21, French, - diffraction%20neutronique

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Difracción de los neutrones térmicos que por tener una longitud de onda asociada aproximadamente igual a la distancia entre los átomos de los cristales, son difractados por éstos.  1, record 21, Spanish, - difracci%C3%B3n%20de%20neutrones

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

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... the neutronic method for measuring the water content in soil ...  3, record 22, English, - neutronic%20method

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The neutron method of measuring soil water content uses the principle of neutron thermalization. When both hydrogen and oxygen are considered, water has a marked effect on slowing or thermalizing neutrons. Thermal neutron density is easily measured with a detector, if the capture cross-section remains constant then the thermal neutron density may be calibrated against water concentration on a volume basis.  2, record 22, English, - neutronic%20method

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mesure de l'humidité du sol. On citera en particulier : - La méthode par prélèvement d'échantillons du sol [...] - La méthode neutronique (sonde à neutrons) : les neutrons rapides émis par une source étant ralentis et dispersés essentiellement par les atomes d'hydrogène de l'eau, le nombre de neutrons lents rétrodispersés et comptés au voisinage de la source peut être relié à l'humidité volumique du sol grâce à une courbe d'étalonnage propre au sol étudié et à la nature du tube installé dans le sol.  1, record 22, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20neutronique

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An approximate method for solving the transport equation, related to the spherical harmonics method and based on two expansions of the angular dependence of the differential particle flux density, one in the forward direction and one in the backward direction. This method is used mainly when there is a marked change of neutron characteristics across a boundary.  2, record 23, English, - double%20spherical%20harmonics%20approximation%20method

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Double spherical harmonics method" and "Yvon’s method" have been standardized by ISO.  4, record 23, English, - double%20spherical%20harmonics%20approximation%20method

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode approchée de résolution de l'équation du transport, analogue à la méthode des harmoniques sphériques et fondée sur deux développements du débit de fluence différentiel en fonction de l'angle, dans deux directions opposées. Cette méthode est surtout utilisée lorsque les caractéristiques neutroniques présentent un changement marqué au passage d'une frontière.  3, record 23, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20des%20doubles%20harmoniques%20sph%C3%A9riques

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Méthode des doubles harmoniques sphériques" et "méthode d'Yvon" ont été normalisés par l'ISO.  4, record 23, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20des%20doubles%20harmoniques%20sph%C3%A9riques

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish