TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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Scrubbers or exhaust gas cleaning systems(EGCS) are used to remove particulate matter and harmful components, such as sulphur oxides(SOx) and nitrogen oxides(NOx) from the exhaust gasses generated as a result of combustion processes in marine engines, to implement pollution control.  2, record 1, English, - exhaust%20gas%20cleaning%20system

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reduces high combustion temperatures, which in turn reduces NOx formation.  1, record 2, English, - off%2Dstoichiometric%20combustion

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ozone is formed in the stratosphere by the combination of O₂ and atomic oxygen in the presence of a third body, usually on the surface of a particulate. The atomic oxygen results from the photolytic dissociation of oxygen. Absorption by oxygen takes place primarily in the visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum; the major part of the ozone absorption takes place only in the ultraviolet region.  4, record 3, English, - atomic%20oxygen

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Development of ZnO semiconductor sensors for atomic oxygen (AO) detection.  2, record 3, English, - atomic%20oxygen

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Tropospheric ozone is considered an irritant gas; it forms under the influence of sunlight especially during summer days. Several toxic precursor substances like NOx catalyse the breakdown of molecular oxygen, rendering an aggressive free radical monoatomic oxygen, which then combines with molecular oxygen to form a three-atomic and instable ozone molecule.  3, record 3, English, - atomic%20oxygen

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Pour les longueurs d'onde inférieures à 320 nm, un deuxième mécanisme entre en compétition : O₃ + hv [donne] O₂ + O^1D produisant de l'oxygène atomique dans un état électroniquement excité O^1D et dont le rendement quantique atteint environ 0,9 à 305 nm et reste pratiquement constant aux longueurs d'onde inférieures.  4, record 3, French, - oxyg%C3%A8ne%20atomique

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[...] l'union de l'oxygène atomique avec l'oxygène moléculaire donne naissance à l'ozone, ce corps étant le principal parmi ce que les aéronomes appellent aujourd'hui les constituants minoritaires de l'atmosphère.  5, record 3, French, - oxyg%C3%A8ne%20atomique

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Le dépôt d'oxydes pose des problèmes spécifiques : en effet, pour assurer la bonne stœchiométrie en oxygène, il s'avère nécessaire d'utiliser de l'oxygène atomique, oxydant plus puissant que l'oxygène moléculaire O₂.  6, record 3, French, - oxyg%C3%A8ne%20atomique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 4 CONT

L'ozone est créé lorsque le rayonnement ultra-violet (lumière solaire) pénètre la stratosphère, dissociant (ou «éclatant») une petite partie de l'oxygène moléculaire (O₂) en atomes d'oxygène (O). L'oxygène atomique se recombine alors très rapidement avec l'oxygène moléculaire pour former de l'ozone.  7, record 3, French, - oxyg%C3%A8ne%20atomique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 5 CONT

Les gaz de la stratosphère. On y découvrit de l'oxygène monoatomique simple (O, et non O₂ comme d'habitude), de l'azote monoatomique, du sodium et du lithium. De plus, de l'oxygène triple (O₃ ou ozone) fut repéré avec une concentration maximale vers l'altitude de 24 km.  3, record 3, French, - oxyg%C3%A8ne%20atomique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Researchers at the River Road Environmental Technology Centre annually carry out about 1, 500 different types of motor vehicle tests by "driving" test cars on a chassis dynamometer. The data obtained gives Environment Canada an idea of the kinds and amounts of emissions being generated by Canada's 13 million automobiles. The dynamometer, a treadmill-like device which, in conjunction with sampling equipment and extremely accurate gas analyses, allows computers to tally a vehicle's emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and NOx under simulated driving conditions. Automotive manufacturers use similar equipment to certify vehicles before they are mass-produced; the tests serve as spot checks to monitor actual emissions.  2, record 4, English, - chassis%20dynamometer

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chassis dynamometer: term officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  3, record 4, English, - chassis%20dynamometer

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dynamomètre de châssis : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  5, record 4, French, - dynamom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20ch%C3%A2ssis

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ambient NOx monitor.  4, record 5, English, - monitor

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Ambient particulate monitor.  3, record 5, English, - monitor

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Monitors record continuously some physical or chemical property of the effluent.  5, record 5, English, - monitor

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Horiba offers standard air monitoring systems that assure continuous, unattended, maintenance-free operation .... Applications: For ambient air pollution monitoring.  3, record 5, English, - monitor

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

monitor: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’environnement” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  4, record 5, English, - monitor

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Appareil de mesure, d'observation, de contrôle, de surveillance, de la qualité de l'air, de l'eau, des polluants, de la pollution, etc., selon le cas.  3, record 5, French, - appareil%20de%20mesure

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

appareil de mesure; appareil de mesure en continu; dispositif de surveillance; dispositif de surveillance en continu; dispositif enregistreur; dispositif enregistreur en continu; détecteur : termes extraits du «Glossaire de l’environnement» et reproduits avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 5, French, - appareil%20de%20mesure

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Monitor provisto de un detector adecuado para detectar un tipo de contaminación en superficie o en la atmósfera.  1, record 5, Spanish, - monitor%20de%20contaminaci%C3%B3n

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nitrogen oxides include the gases nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). NO_x is formed primarily from the liberation of nitrogen contained in fuel and nitrogen contained in combustion air during combustion processes.  2, record 6, English, - nitrogen%20oxides

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nitrogen oxides: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Report.  3, record 6, English, - nitrogen%20oxides

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

NOx : written NO_x  3, record 6, English, - nitrogen%20oxides

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les oxydes d'azote (NO_x) comprennent le monoxyde d'azote (NO) et le dioxyde d'azote (NO₂). Ils se constituent principalement au cours des processus de combustion qui libèrent l'azote présent dans le combustible et l'azote présent dans l'air de combustion.  2, record 6, French, - oxydes%20d%27azote

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

oxydes d'azote : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques.  3, record 6, French, - oxydes%20d%27azote

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

NOx : s'écrit NO_x  3, record 6, French, - oxydes%20d%27azote

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Productos de combustión del nitrógeno, de calor pardo rojizo. El monóxido de nitrógeno (NO) se oxida.  2, record 6, Spanish, - %C3%B3xidos%20de%20nitr%C3%B3geno

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Uno de los aspectos de más actualidad en la investigación medioambiental es el control de las emisiones a la atmósfera de dióxido de azufre y óxidos de nitrógeno (NO y NO₂) provenientes de sistemas de combustión.  3, record 6, Spanish, - %C3%B3xidos%20de%20nitr%C3%B3geno

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a secondary NOx_x</sub> control technology that consists in using fuel as a reactant which will react with NO molecules[, the] reaction [being] brought about by injecting a set amount of fuel into the downstream of the primary combustion at a high temperature.  3, record 7, English, - gas%20reburning%20process

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The] burning of any kind is responsible for the production of nitrogen oxides by reaction with air ... These nitrogen oxides emitted into the atmosphere are the cause of various forms of pollution [such as] acid rain. ... to reduce or eliminate nitrogen oxides ... we know a process called reductive reburning or overfire. This method comprises injecting a hydrocarbon according to operating conditions very precise, downstream of a first combustion in which nitrogen oxides are produced.  2, record 7, English, - gas%20reburning%20process

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé consistant à ajouter, dans les gaz brûlés résultant de la combustion à haute température d’un combustible fossile, une petite quantité de combustible, afin de provoquer la réduction en azote des oxydes d’azote présents dans ces gaz.  3, record 7, French, - surcombustion%20r%C3%A9ductrice

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

surcombustion réductrice : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 25 avril 2014.  4, record 7, French, - surcombustion%20r%C3%A9ductrice

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A loss of ozone around 40 km is particularly significant because that is the altitude where chlorine is thought to be the major player in the destruction of ozone. (Nitrogen radicals are the key species in the lower stratosphere, between about 12 and 30 km.)  5, record 8, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nitrogen(·); N· radical: The dot must be centered and pronounced after the name: "nitrogen dot"; "N dot radical."  6, record 8, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

II-VI short wavelength lasers have had to overcome several technical challenges to become what they are today. Arguably the foremost obstacle to practical ZnSe based light emitters was the ability to p-type dope the semiconductor. It was discovered that by incorporating free nitrogen radicals in ZnSe sufficiently high p-type doping could be obtained.  6, record 8, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Vitamin C and lipoic acid are also potent antioxidants that can scavenge various reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals.  7, record 8, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 4 CONT

The injection of natural gas and urea has been shown to enhance the NOx reduction potential of the natural gas in utility boilers. The chemical kinetics mechanisms of FLGR® and SNCR have many of the same selective reactions. The injection of natural gas in hot, low oxygen furnace gas results in the formation of hydrocarbon radicals(CHi) and the subsequent formation of nitrogen radicals. The injection of urea(NH2-CO-NH2) results in the formation of similar nitrogen radicals. Both of these reagents reduce NOx to molecular nitrogen through a series of similar reactions.  8, record 8, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 5 CONT

New studies of the catalytic destruction of ozone in the lower stratosphere suggest a reordering of the catalytic cycles. Recent in-situ observations (from ER-2 flights) suggest that nitrogen radicals may not be as dominant in the catalytic destruction of ozone in the lower stratosphere as previously thought.  9, record 8, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

radicaux azotés : Famille de radicaux libres, qui contiennent au moins un atome d'azote, très importante dans le processus de destruction de l'ozone.  4, record 8, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le représentant le plus dangereux de [la] famille [des radicaux N·] est le radical NO· [le point est centré, on prononce «radical NO point», ou monoxyde d'azote].  4, record 8, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plusieurs nouvelles méthodes pour engendrer les radicaux iminyles, amidyles, carbamyles et autres radicaux azotés ont été mises au point. Les applications en synthèse organique, surtout dans le domaine des alcaloïdes, sont multiples. Les dérivés thiosemicarbazones, qui réagissent avec les radicaux stannyles pour donner des radicaux azotés par rupture de la liaison N-N, semblent particulièrement prometteurs car les précurseurs sont d'un accès très aisé.  5, record 8, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

acide aminé : unité moléculaire de base des protéines, contenant un radical azoté et un acide organique.  6, record 8, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

azote(·); radical N·: Le point est un point centré; pour les noms des radicaux comportant un point centré, il faut prononcer «dot» en anglais et «point» en français après le nom : «azote point»; «radical N point».  7, record 8, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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NOx chemical formula : NO_x  1, record 9, English, - NOx%2FVOC%20emission

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NOx formule chimique : NO_x  1, record 9, French, - %C3%A9missions%20de%20NOx%20et%20de%20COV

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Environment Canada. This National Emission Guideline encourages project proponents to develop and operate combustion turbine facilities in a manner which restricts emissions of oxides of nitrogen(NOx, sulphur dioxide(SO2), and carbon monoxide(CO).  1, record 10, English, - National%20Emission%20Guidelines%20for%20Stationary%20Combustion%20Turbines

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Environnement Canada. Dans la présente recommandation nationale sur les émissions, on incite les promoteurs du projet à mettre au point et à exploiter les installations des turbines à combustion de manière à limiter les émissions d'oxydes d'azote (NOx), d'anhydride sulfureux (SO2) et de monoxyde de carbone (CO).  1, record 10, French, - Recommandation%20nationale%20sur%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20des%20turbines%20%C3%A0%20combustion%20fixes

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A combined desulturization/denitration (DeSOx/DeNOx) process has recently been proposed by using the powder-particle fluidized bed (PPFB). In the process, SO_x is removed by a fine DeSO_x sorbent continuously supplied and NO_x is reduced to N₂ by ammonia under the catalysis of a coarse DeNO_x catalyst, the fluidization medium particles.  1, record 11, English, - denitration

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The methods used to achieve these low NOx measurements are often called denoxing.  4, record 11, English, - denitration

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From "de-" and "NO_x" (oxydes of nitrogen).  5, record 11, English, - denitration

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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En cas de teneurs trop élevées en anhydride sulfureux et en oxydes d'azote, le recours à une désulfuration et dénitration contribuera à réduire ces polluants gazeux.  4, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9nitration

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

ISO 11564:1998. Émissions de sources fixes -- Détermination de la concentration en masse des oxydes d'azote -- Méthode photométrique à la naphtyléthylène diamine (NEDA). [...] La méthode est applicable à la détermination de la concentration massique en oxydes d'azote d'effluents gazeux provenant de la combustion, des processus de traitement de surface des métaux et des processus de réaction de chimie organique, le cas échéant après épuration par lavage, réduction dans la chambre de combustion et/ou dénitration catalytique, avant leur dispersion dans l'atmosphère.  5, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9nitration

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par exemple, en parlant d'usines qui installent des filtres et des dépoussiéreurs pour retenir les oxydes d'azote.  6, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9nitration

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The measure concerns public support granted by the UK [United Kingdom] authorities to a research project in the field of aero-engines called Environmentally Friendly Engine(EFE). EFE is a project conceived to contribute to the goals of improved environmental performance of aero-engines set by ACARE1, the industry's technological platform, which has defined the technological paths and objectives until 2020 in its Strategic Research Agenda. In particular, the objectives of ACARE are to reduce emissions of CO2 [carbon dioxide], NOx and noise. The project envisages carrying out industrial research in order to develop technologies that would enable meeting stricter environmental standards and reduce ownership costs. In particular, the project aims at contributing to the following ACARE's goals :-A reduction in perceived noise to a half of current average levels;-A 50% cut in carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions per passenger kilometre(which means a 50% cut in fuel consumption) ;-An 80% cut in nitrogen dioxide(NOx) emissions;-Reduction in the weight of the engine.  3, record 12, English, - environmentally%20friendly%20engine

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La nouvelle compagnie aérienne helvétique Swiss a annoncé une commande de moteurs CFM56-5C4/P d'une valeur de 300 millions de dollars pour équiper les 13 Airbus long-courriers A340-300 qu'elle vient d'acquérir. Ce moteur propre et peu gourmand en carburant contribuera à la politique de dimunition des coûts d'exploitation engagée par Swiss. Il est le dernier développement en date du CFM56-5C réalisé par CFM International, société commune à 50/50 entre Snecma Moteurs et General Electric.  6, record 12, French, - moteur%20propre

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The emission of NOx and fluorides is controlled by collecting and combining the off-gases from the different vessels and treating them in a scrubbing unit before discharge to the atmosphere.  2, record 13, English, - scrubbing%20unit

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour les NO [indice]x [...] il faut procéder, généralement en amont de l'unité de lavage, à un traitement de réduction catalytique par l'ammoniac.  2, record 13, French, - unit%C3%A9%20de%20lavage

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The removal of sulfur, as from molten metals or petroleum oil.  9, record 14, English, - desulfurization

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In total, Volkswagen's power stations consume some 720, 000 tonnes of coal equivalent each year(tCE/a).... To ensure that they comply with threshold limit values, power station emissions are monitored continuously. Figures for SO2, NOx, CO, dust, desulphurization efficiency and flue gas volume are measured and recorded on a central emissions computer.  10, record 14, English, - desulfurization

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In this paper we consider the relative usefulness of taxes on SO2 emissions as instruments to reduce environmental damages caused by acid rain phenomena. As an illustration, we examine the likely effects of the application of a hypothetical Spanish sulphur tax. Since it is possible to recognize the amount of sulphur dioxides which will be emitted in the combustion of different types of fossil fuels, a product tax accompanied by fiscal rebates for desulphurizing processes is used as a proxy of the genuine emissions tax.  5, record 14, English, - desulfurization

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Continuous desulfuration.  11, record 14, English, - desulfurization

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Wet deSOx process.  7, record 14, English, - desulfurization

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action de débarrasser un produit du soufre ou d'un sulfure qu'il peut contenir.  4, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9sulfuration

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En cas de teneurs trop élevées en anhydride sulfureux et en oxydes d'azote, le recours à une désulfuration et dénitration contribuera à réduire ces polluants gazeux.  5, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9sulfuration

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Désulfuration continue.  6, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9sulfuration

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Désulfuration par voie humide.  7, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9sulfuration

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Separación del azufre de una mena o de una masa de un metal.  2, record 14, Spanish, - desulfuraci%C3%B3n

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, or HCCI, is a relatively new combustion technology. It is a hybrid of the traditional spark ignition(SI) and the compression ignition process(such as a Diesel engine). In addition, HCCI is a lean combustion process. These conditions translate to a lower local flame temperature which lower the amount of Nitric Oxide(NOx) produced in the process.  3, record 15, English, - homogeneous%20charge%20compression%20ignition

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de combustion appliqué aux moteurs diesel, consistant en une auto-inflammation d'un mélange homogène d'air et de combustible.  1, record 15, French, - autoallumage%20par%20compression

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Ozone Annex to the 1991 Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement was negotiated to reduce the transboundary movement of smog-causing pollutants to better protect human health and the environment. The Ozone Annex commits both Canada and the United States to control and reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides(NOX) and volatile organic compounds(VOC) which are precursors of ground-level ozone, a major component of smog over major regions in Eastern North America.  1, record 16, English, - Ozone%20Annex

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'Annexe sur l'ozone à l'Accord Canada-États-Unis sur la qualité de l'air de 1991 a été négociée afin de réduire le mouvement transfrontalier de polluants causant le smog et ainsi mieux protéger la santé humaine et l'environnement. L'annexe engage le Canada et les États-Unis à stabiliser et réduire les émissions d'oxydes d'azote (NOX) et de composés organiques volatiles (COV), précurseurs de l'ozone au niveau du sol, élément central du smog qui nuit à de vastes régions du nord-est de l'Amérique du Nord.  1, record 16, French, - Annexe%20sur%20l%27ozone

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance produced during the burning or oxidation of a material.  3, record 17, English, - combustion%20product

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many important pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate (PM- 10) are combustion products often products of the burning of fuels such as coal, oil, gas and wood.  3, record 17, English, - combustion%20product

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Nitrogen Oxide(NOx) : The result of photochemical reactions of nitric oxide in ambient air; major component of photochemical smog. Product of combustion from transportation and stationary sources and a major contributor to the formation of ozone in the troposphere and to acid deposition.  2, record 17, English, - combustion%20product

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] produits toxiques résultant de la combustion [...] La fumée se compose de particules matérielles, consistant en particules solides très fines et en vapeurs condensées. Elle constitue la majeure partie des produits de combustion visibles lors d'un incendie. Le gaz est un produit de combustion qui demeure à l'état gazeux même lorsqu'il est refroidi aux températures normales du bâtiment. La vapeur est un produit de combustion qui naît à l'état gazeux mais qui redevient solide ou liquide à des températures normales.  2, record 17, French, - produit%20de%20combustion

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A system design that separates the combustion process over more than one discrete chamber.  2, record 18, English, - staged%20combustion

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The alternatives for nitrogen oxide control are boiler operation changes, combustion equipment modifications to reduce NO_x formation, and flue gas treatment.... In the U. S. and Canada, combustion modification(CM) is the most common method of NOx reduction. NOx can be reduced by injecting the combustion air in two stages, normally by reducing air flow to the burner and injecting the remainder through "overfire" air ports in the side of the boiler. Low-NOx burners that accomplish staged conditions within the burner flame have also been developed. Staged combustion... reduces emission by 15-25%.  3, record 18, English, - staged%20combustion

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This approach increases residence time for more complete combustion and lower ash carry-over.  2, record 18, English, - staged%20combustion

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de chauffage où le combustible est brûlé complètement en plusieurs étapes en commençant par ses matières volatiles.  3, record 18, French, - combustion%20%C3%A9tag%C3%A9e

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Polluants, émis par les unités thermiques.] L'azote étant toujours présent dans le comburant et souvent dans le combustible, il est impossible d'empêcher leur apparition [aux oxydes d'azote]. Tout au plus peut-on limiter leur formation par des artifices tels que : - abaissement de l'excès d'air; - combustion «étagée» avec une première phase se déroulant en milieu riche [...]  4, record 18, French, - combustion%20%C3%A9tag%C3%A9e

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The Energy conversion in which fuel is consumed to generate heat energy which is converted to mechanical energy and then to electricity in a generator.  2, record 19, English, - thermal%20generation

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Normally, the fuel may be coal, oil, gas, or uranium (nuclear).  2, record 19, English, - thermal%20generation

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The provinces most adversely affected by this change in the pattern of thermal generation are Alberta and Saskatchewan where we estimate SO2 and NOx emissions to have increased by 24% since 1980.  3, record 19, English, - thermal%20generation

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conversion d'énergie où le combustible sert à produire de la chaleur qui est ensuite elle-même convertie en énergie mécanique, puis en électricité dans une génératrice.  3, record 19, French, - production%20thermique

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il s'agit, en général, de charbon, de pétrole, de gaz ou d'uranium.  3, record 19, French, - production%20thermique

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

EMEP was founded by UNECE [United Nations Economic Commission for Europe], WMO [World Meteorological Organization] and UNEP [United Nations Environment Programme] in 1977. In 1983 it became a project under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air pollution, itself under the auspices of the ECE Protection of the Environment framework. It is one of two regional networks, the other in North America, where a denser network of precipitation monitoring stations has been established to evaluate SO2 and NOX emissions and transport, in particular.  2, record 20, English, - Co%2Doperative%20Programme%20for%20Monitoring%20and%20Evaluation%20of%20the%20Long%2Drange%20Transmission%20of%20Air%20Pollutants%20in%20Europe

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Appellation et abréviation confirmées par l'organisme.  3, record 20, French, - Programme%20concert%C3%A9%20de%20surveillance%20continue%20et%20d%27%C3%A9valuation%20du%20transport%20%C3%A0%20longue%20distance%20des%20polluants%20atmosph%C3%A9riques%20en%20Europe

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An engine in which the mixture can be controlled so as to reduce NOx and CO emissions.  2, record 21, English, - stratified%2Dcharge%20engine

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Méthodes proposées pour rendre un moteur «propre». 1. Optimisation de la combustion: modification de la carburation, modification de l'avance à l'allumage, charges stratifiées, injection d'air frais à l'échappement  2, record 21, French, - moteur%20%C3%A0%20charge%20stratifi%C3%A9e

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les renseignements provenant de la source NUT-3 (Véhicules automobiles, lexique anglais-français) sont reproduits avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations-Unies à Genève.  3, record 21, French, - moteur%20%C3%A0%20charge%20stratifi%C3%A9e

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tax to be based on a percentage of the car’s price graduated according to its CO2 emissions. The starting rate is 165 g/km CO2 with 15% of list price taxable. How many cars have such a low emission rate?  3, record 22, English, - emission%20rate

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Each Excel spreadsheet provides coefficients for equations expressing pollutant emission rates as a function of average vehicle speed. The equations follow the standard form: E = k + av + bv² + cv² + d/v +e/v² + f/v³ where v is the average speed (km/h), E is the emission rate (g/km) [and] k, a [and] f are coefficients.  4, record 22, English, - emission%20rate

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 CONT

[A] policy run is based on the NOx emission rate standard of 0. 15 lbs/MMBtu. This emission rate standard corresponds to the total Nox emissions cap of approximately 339, 800 tons for the electric generating units(that are greater than 25 MW of capacity) located in the affected 13 jurisdictions.  5, record 22, English, - emission%20rate

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... the prediction of 2-20% steady state ozone depletion ... was calculated from known data and particular assumptions for (1) release rates of FC-11 and FC-12, (2) atmospheric transport of these molecules, and (3) stratospheric chemistry.  2, record 22, English, - emission%20rate

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When the rate is the expression of the mass of a pollutant emitted per unit of time, it must be translated in French by the term "débit d’émission" (q.v.). Also compare with "emission index" and "emission factor."  6, record 22, English, - emission%20rate

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Caractéristiques techniques [de la voiture Lexus GS300/430] : Taux d'émission CO₂ [de] 296 g/km.  3, record 22, French, - taux%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

On évalue le taux d'émission de CO₂ par kWh marginal (de dernier kWh appelé) à 443 g de CO₂ émis par kWh produit (dans une prospective à l'horizon 1010 de type «État industriel»).  4, record 22, French, - taux%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Émissions de gaz responsables de l'effet de serre. [...] Seul le Liban, avec 4,9 tonnes par habitant en 1994, a un taux d'émission [de CO₂] proche des pays des Balkans.  5, record 22, French, - taux%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

émission : Action d'émettre. Se dit aussi du résultat de cette action et, en particulier, de l'ensemble des corps solides, liquides ou gazeux étrangers à l'air, émis dans l'atmosphère.  6, record 22, French, - taux%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rejet : Désigne l'ensemble des corps étrangers à l'air émis par une cheminée, une tubulure d'échappement, etc. N.B. : rejet et émission sont synonymes, émission ayant un sens plus général que rejet.  6, record 22, French, - taux%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Le terme «taux» désigne une proportion dans laquelle intervient un élément, un facteur variable, une quantité de quelque chose par rapport à une quantité d'autre chose (par exemple, on parle du taux de protéine dans un aliment, du taux d'un corps chimique dans une humeur). Ne pas confondre avec «débit d'émission», qui se rapporte à la quantité d'un polluant émis dans l'atmosphère par unité de temps, et avec «indice d'émission» (en anglais : «emission index», qui exprime un rapport sous forme d'indication numérique (voir aussi ces fiches).  7, record 22, French, - taux%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An emission index (EI) specifies the number of grams of pollutant emitted per kilogram of fuel burned.  2, record 23, English, - emission%20index

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Research is aimed at a NOx Emission Index of 5, resulting in less than 1% annual ozone depletion.... From a technical standpoint, these critical emission levels depend on the engines’ injection and combustion system performance, i. e. the quality of the air/fuel mixture, its distribution in the combustor primary zone and the corresponding temperatures. The reduction of NOx emissions remains of primary concern, having the largest Emission Index(grams of emission produced per kilogram of fuel consumed) among the substances responsible for the ozone layer depletion.  4, record 23, English, - emission%20index

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The average emission rate of the smelters was 4.1 in 1998 [that is, the result of the following division: 9.9 million tonnes CO₂ Eq divided by 2.4 m tonnes of shipments equals 4.1]. [In this case, the proper expression is "emission index" and not "rate", the term "index" being the numerical expression of a rate (or proportion).]  3, record 23, English, - emission%20index

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans l'exercice mené avec le modèle POLES, l'introduction d'une taxe-carbone fictive permet de calculer l'évolution résultante des émissions, par rapport au cas de référence présenté plus haut. Ceci est illustré, au niveau mondial, par le Graphique 1 : à partir d'un indice d'émission 145 en 2010, le niveau d'émission décroît avec l'introduction d'une taxe fictive de 25 $/tC, puis 50 ... jusqu'à 350 $/tC.  1, record 23, French, - indice%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «indice» désigne une indication numérique qui sert à exprimer un rapport. Ne pas confondre avec «taux d'émission» ni avec «débit d'émission». Le terme «taux» désigne une proportion dans laquelle intervient un élément, un facteur variable, une quantité de quelque chose par rapport à une quantité d'autre chose (par exemple, on parle d'un taux d'émission de CO₂ de x nombre de grammes par kilomètre pour une voiture). Le terme «débit» se rapporte à la quantité d'un polluant émis dans l'atmosphère par unité de temps. Enfin, voir aussi «facteur d'émission».  2, record 23, French, - indice%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The SAI model is a photochemical dispersion model. It not only considers the transport and dispersion of pollutants but also the transformation of HC and NOx into photochemical oxidant pollutants... This model is one of the better sophisticated photochemical models currently available.  2, record 24, English, - photochemical%20dispersion%20model

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'oxydation par H2O2 est une oxydation rapide pour le pH compris entre 3 et 5. Elle peut être importante à des niveaux de concentrations en H2O2 de l'ordre de 1 ppb. Ce niveau est fréquemment rencontré dans les modèles photochimiques [...]  3, record 24, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20photochimique

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An atmospheric pollutant, such as NOx, that in combination with hydrocarbons and sunlight, can produce harmful concentrations of ozone.  3, record 25, English, - ozone%20precursor

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The recent California Clean Air Act requires a permit program to be adopted to achieve a "no net increase" of nonattainment pollutants or their precursors from all new and modified sources; this meant that changes to its permitting program were necessary to ensure that increases in precursor organic compounds(POCs) or NOx emissions from new or modified sources be accompanied by compensating reductions of the same pollutant, since POC and NOx are precursors of ozone.  2, record 25, English, - ozone%20precursor

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il fallait modifier le programme d'octroi des permis afin de s'assurer que les augmentations d'émissions en composés organiques précurseurs (COP) ou de NOx par des sources nouvelles ou modifiées, s'accompagnent de réductions compensatoires des mêmes polluants puisque les COP et les NOx sont des précurseurs de l'ozone.  3, record 25, French, - pr%C3%A9curseur%20de%20l%27ozone

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since the diesel markets are small in North America, some manufacturers might drop diesel models all together. This NOx level also represents a breakpoint where some manufacturers might need to utilize particulate traps if particulate standards are superimposed on the NOx standards.  2, record 26, English, - particulate%20trap

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Atmospheric models are not yet available to provide a detailed, quantitative relationship between NOx emissions and acid deposition; however, on the simplifying assumption that the nitrate contribution to acid precipitation can be linearly related to NOx emissions then, from Table 6, the contribution of LDV's, which are the largest individual source of NOx emissions in the transportation sector, would be about 9% of precipitation acidity.  2, record 27, English, - individual%20source

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to area source.  3, record 27, English, - individual%20source

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme du langage courant utilisé pour désigner séparément l'une ou l'autre des "sources multiples", ou pour désigner une source qui se définit par opposition à une source étendue.  2, record 27, French, - source%20individuelle

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Voir aussi "source isolée" et "source définie".  2, record 27, French, - source%20individuelle

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hydrocarbons that degrade within an hour or less.  1, record 28, English, - highly%20reactive%20hydrocarbon

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The reactivity of a particular hydrocarbon is measured by its effect on the rate of ozone formation in sunlight in the presence of NOx and air. Highly reactive organic compounds include olefins and aldehydes whereas, for example, methane, ethane, and benzene have small or negligible reactivities.  2, record 28, English, - highly%20reactive%20hydrocarbon

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Important technique for reducing diesel NOx emissions.  1, record 29, English, - fuel%20injector%20modulation

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Recently it has been shown that ozone is also destroyed by the catalytic cycle of oxides of chlorine(C1-C10x). In this case, ozone destruction is accelerated by increased H0x, but retarded by the presence of methane and nitric oxide. The amount of naturally produced C10x in the stratosphere seems to be small and its effect on ozone considerably smaller than that of NOx.  3, record 30, English, - chlorine%20oxides

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tous les corps résultant de l'union de l'oxygène avec le chlore.  2, record 30, French, - oxydes%20de%20chlore

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les oxydes de chlore sont des produits intermédiaires importants dans la chaîne catalytique de destruction de l'ozone par le chlore stratosphérique.  2, record 30, French, - oxydes%20de%20chlore

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Dans l'expression chimique de cette famille de composés, le "x" doit être inscrit en indice.  4, record 30, French, - oxydes%20de%20chlore

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Description of the atmosphere giving a simplified or schematic outline of its key structures and processes via representative diagrams (conceptuals), systems of mathematical equations or numerical approximations.  2, record 31, English, - atmospheric%20model

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Atmospheric models are not yet available to provide a detailed, quantitative relationship between NOx emissions and acid deposition; however, on the simplifying assumption that the nitrate contribution to acid precipitation can be linearly related to NOx emissions then, from Table 6, the contribution of LDV's which are the largest individual source of NOx emissions in the transportation sector, would be about 9% of precipitation acidity.  3, record 31, English, - atmospheric%20model

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

atmospheric model: term standardized by ISO.  4, record 31, English, - atmospheric%20model

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modèle qui rend compte d'un phénomène, ou d'un ensemble de phénomènes, caractéristique de l'atmosphère.  1, record 31, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20relatif%20%C3%A0%20l%27atmosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On critique, avec raison, cet emploi du déterminant «atmosphérique» en français parce qu'il masque le rapport exact avec le substantif; il est cependant très répandu.  1, record 31, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20relatif%20%C3%A0%20l%27atmosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

modèle d'atmosphère : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 31, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20relatif%20%C3%A0%20l%27atmosph%C3%A8re

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Descripción de la atmósfera que da un esquema simplificado de las estructuras y procesos principales en forma de diagramas representativos (conceptuales), de sistemas de ecuaciones matemáticas o de aproximaciones numéricas.  1, record 31, Spanish, - modelo%20de%20la%20atm%C3%B3sfera

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Included in the more important nitrogenous compounds emitted to the atmosphere from natural sources are N2O, NOx, NH3, and alphatic amines [from animal wastes].  1, record 32, English, - aliphatic%20amine

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Réactif de médicament comme l'adriamycine et la daunomycine.  2, record 32, French, - amine%20aliphatique

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

the air-fuel ratio supplied to a furnace that provides more air than the optimum ratio.  2, record 33, English, - air%20rich

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The operating principal of the RMB [Rapid Mix Burner] staged firing configuration is to bum as much of the fuel as possible under the high excess air, ultralow NOx conditions. As a result of the fundamental principle mentioned above, this is done by operating the burners air rich(under conditions similar to normal firing, but with higher excess air and with a moderate amount of FGR), where the maximum theoretical NOx, formation is very predictable. Heat is extracted from these air-rich combustion products and cool furnace recirculation products are entrained. The staged fuel is then mixed with the air-rich burner products and combustion is completed. The excess air at the boiler outlet is thus similar to that with normal firing.  3, record 33, English, - air%20rich

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les brûleurs XNM sont conçus pour fonctionner dans des gammes importantes de rapport air/gaz et notamment en large excès d'air. Leur conception ainsi que leur construction assurent une excellente stabilité de flamme à tous débits et dans une large gamme de rapport air/gaz.  1, record 33, French, - exc%C3%A8s%20d%27air

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NOx : oxides of nitrogen; VOCs : volatile organic compounds.  1, record 34, English, - NOx%2FVOCs%20Management%20Plan

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NOx : oxydes d'azote; COV : composés organiques volatiles.  2, record 34, French, - Plan%20national%20de%20gestion%20pour%20les%20oxydes%20d%27azote%20%28NOx%29%20et%20les%20compos%C3%A9s%20organiques%20volatiles%20%28COV%29

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

UN-ECE [United Nations-United Nations Economic Commission for Europe :] adopted at Sofia(Bulgaria) on 31 October 1988; freeze of Nox emissions or their transboundary flows at 1987 levels by the beginning of 1995.  1, record 35, English, - Protocol%20to%20the%201979%20Convention%20on%20Long%2Drange%20Transboundary%20Air%20Pollution%20concerning%20the%20Control%20of%20Emissions%20of%20Nitrogen%20Oxides%20or%20their%20Transboundary%20Fluxes

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transfrontière : Sur le plan linguistique, la forme adjectivale correcte est «transfrontalier/transfrontalière». Voir «pollution transfrontalière» dans TERMIUM.  3, record 35, French, - Protocole%20%C3%A0%20la%20Convention%20de%201979%20sur%20la%20pollution%20atmosph%C3%A9rique%20transfronti%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20longue%20distance%2C%20relatif%20%C3%A0%20la%20lutte%20contre%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20d%27oxydes%20d%27azote%20ou%20leurs%20flux%20transfronti%C3%A8res

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

National ambient air quality standards: Standards for air quality as set by the EPA Administrator, prescribed in terms of maximum concentrations permissible for various pollutants and averaging times.  2, record 36, English, - National%20Ambient%20Air%20Quality%20Standard

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are two kinds of NAAQS: primary standards are designed to protect human health and secondary standards are designed to prevent damage to materials.  2, record 36, English, - National%20Ambient%20Air%20Quality%20Standard

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) has made major steps forward in addressing air quality in the past year... Since March 1997 when the Canadian and the Ontario governments officially supported the EPA in its efforts to tighten the U. S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS) for ozone and particulate matter in air, much has occurred in the United States to move ahead on air quality. The new NAAQS have been issued and the Ozone Transport Assessment Group(OTAG) has successfully completed intergovernmental negotiations and made recommendations for controls on sources of nitrogen oxides(NOx) emissions.  3, record 36, English, - National%20Ambient%20Air%20Quality%20Standard

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Norme fédérale américaine qui détermine deux seuils pour certains polluants atmosphériques; un premier seuil protège la santé publique, le second les biens de propriété.  3, record 36, French, - norme%20nationale%20am%C3%A9ricaine%20de%20qualit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27air%20ambiant

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Canada se réjouit des efforts déployés par l'Agence américaine de protection de l'environnement (U.S. EPA), qui a pris dans la dernière année d'importantes mesures pour améliorer la qualité de l'air. Depuis mars 1997, date à laquelle les gouvernements du Canada et de l'Ontario ont officiellement appuyé l'EPA dans son travail de renforcement des normes nationales américaines de qualité de l'air ambiant (NAAQS) concernant l'ozone et les particules dans l'air, les États-Unis ont beaucoup progressé dans le domaine. En effet, l'EPA a publié les nouvelles NAAQS, tandis que le Groupe d'évaluation du transport de l'ozone (OTAG) a terminé avec succès les négociations intergouvernementales et recommandé des mesures de contrôle des sources d'émissions d'oxydes d'azote (NOx).  1, record 36, French, - norme%20nationale%20am%C3%A9ricaine%20de%20qualit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27air%20ambiant

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tous les pays peuvent établir une norme nationale de qualité de l'air ambiant. Lorsque l'on fait référence à la norme américaine, il est courant de conserver l'appellation et le sigle anglais.  3, record 36, French, - norme%20nationale%20am%C3%A9ricaine%20de%20qualit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27air%20ambiant

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The] photochemical oxidants are produced in the atmosphere through a series of complex, interrelated reactions between NOx and reactive hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight.... The reactivity of a particular hydrocarbon is measured by its effects on the rate of ozone formation in sunlight in the presence of NOx and air. Highly reactive organic compounds include olefins and aldehydes whereas, for example, methane, ethane, and benzene have small or negligible reactivities.  3, record 37, English, - reactive%20hydrocarbon

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NO subscript x.  1, record 38, English, - NOx%2FVOC%20Management%20Plan

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

NOx : nitrogen oxides. VOC : volatile organic compounds.  2, record 38, English, - NOx%2FVOC%20Management%20Plan

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NO indice x.  1, record 38, French, - Plan%20de%20gestion%20des%20NOx%2FCOV%2E

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

NOx : oxydes d'azote. COV : composés organiques volatiles.  2, record 38, French, - Plan%20de%20gestion%20des%20NOx%2FCOV%2E

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Attention: NO subscript x.  1, record 39, English, - NOx%2FVOC%20Ambient%20Air%20Monitoring%20Committee

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

NOx : nitrogen oxides. VOC : volatile organic compounds.  2, record 39, English, - NOx%2FVOC%20Ambient%20Air%20Monitoring%20Committee

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Attention : NO indice x.  1, record 39, French, - Comit%C3%A9%20de%20surveillance%20sur%20la%20pr%C3%A9sence%20de%20NOx%2FCOV%20dans%20l%27air%20ambiant

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

NOx : oxydes d'azote. COV : composés organiques volatiles.  2, record 39, French, - Comit%C3%A9%20de%20surveillance%20sur%20la%20pr%C3%A9sence%20de%20NOx%2FCOV%20dans%20l%27air%20ambiant

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NOx : oxides of nitrogen; VOCs : volatile organic compounds.  1, record 40, English, - NOx%2FVOCs%20Smog%20Initiative

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NOx: oxydes d'azote; COV : composés organiques volatiles.  1, record 40, French, - Projet%20sur%20la%20qualit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27air%20%2D%20NOx%2FCOV

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Source(s) : Budget des dépenses 1992-1993.  1, record 40, French, - Projet%20sur%20la%20qualit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27air%20%2D%20NOx%2FCOV

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It was Paul Crutzen who pointed out that NOx, occurring naturally in the environment, would provide an important "sink" for ozone in the stratosphere.  2, record 41, English, - sink%20species

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Espèce chimique qui contribue à la disparition définitive ou temporaire d'une autre espèce chimique d'un milieu.  1, record 41, French, - esp%C3%A8ce%20pi%C3%A8ge

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un mécanisme de lavage, un endroit qui retient une substance, un processus chimique peuvent aussi constituer des pièges. Le terme piège renvoie autant à la notion de puits (disparition définitive) qu'à la notion de réservoir (disparition temporaire).  3, record 41, French, - esp%C3%A8ce%20pi%C3%A8ge

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

These LDV-related pollutants are also emitted from natural sources. For example, in Canada, natural CO emissions are estimated to be 260 000 tonnes per year, and natural emissions of NOx have been variously estimated to be one million and 2. 7 million tonnes per year. Using the more recent of these natural emissions estimates, LDV's in Canada are responsible for about 12% of total(man-made plus natural) Canadian emissions of NOx.  1, record 42, English, - natural%20emission

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si on observe la composition des émissions naturelles (...) on remarque que les émissions de gaz sulfureux (SO2), d'oxydes d'azote (NOx), de monoxyde de carbone (CO) et d'ammoniac (NH3) représentent moins de 10 000 t/an pour chacun d'entre eux (...)  2, record 42, French, - %C3%A9mission%20naturelle

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

the mean concentration is calculated using composite or continuous sampling of a minimum period of 2 hours or using five samples with sampling periods as mentioned in Section 13 of this by-law, the sampling being equally distributed in an 8-hour working day.  2, record 43, English, - mean%20concentration

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Data on ambient concentrations of [gaseous] pollutants in rural areas of the UK are sparse.... Nevertheless, estimates covering much of the country are available for mean concentrations of SO2..., oxides of nitrogen(NOx) and ozone....  3, record 43, English, - mean%20concentration

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La concentration moyenne se calcule par des échantillonnages multiples ou continus d'une durée totale d'au moins 2 heures ou par 5 échantillonnages de la durée prescrite dans l'ouvrage visé à l'article 13 du présent règlement, lesdits échantillonnages étant répartis uniformément à l'intérieur d'une période de temps de 8 heures dans une journée de travail.  3, record 43, French, - concentration%20moyenne

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is now clear that whereas oxone(03) is by the photodissociation of molecular oxygen, its catalytic destruction by nitrogen oxides(NOx) is the predominant stratospheric removal mechanism under normal conditions.  3, record 44, English, - catalytic%20destruction%20cycle

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pour une substance soumise à une chaîne catalytique, séparation en éléments ou en composés plus simples que la substance initialement présente.  2, record 44, French, - cycle%20de%20destruction%20catalytique

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On peut distinguer le cycle de destruction, de la destruction elle-même; dans la pratique on confond ces deux motions.  4, record 44, French, - cycle%20de%20destruction%20catalytique

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Johnston presented a detailed analysis of the NOx chemistry of the stratosphere and concluded that although there were many uncertainties, operating a fleet of five hundred SSTs for two years would reduce the ozone concentration of the stratosphere by at least 10 percent, and maybe by much more.  2, record 45, English, - nitrogen%20oxide%20chemistry

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des réactions chimiques relatives aux oxydes d'azote ainsi que les processus et les propriétés qui se rattachent à ces réactions.  2, record 45, French, - chimie%20des%20oxydes%20d%27azote

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NOx est un symbole qui désigne tous les oxydes d'azote.  2, record 45, French, - chimie%20des%20oxydes%20d%27azote

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Dans le symbole chimique, la lettre "x" est placée en indice.  3, record 45, French, - chimie%20des%20oxydes%20d%27azote

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cover page title : Development of a National Nitrogen Oxides(NOx) and Volatile Organic compounds(VOC) Management Plan for Canada-Executive Summary.  1, record 46, English, - Further%20Management%20of%20Emissions%20of%20Nitrogen%20Oxides%20and%20Volatile%20Organic%20Compounds%20in%20Canada%20%2D%20Summary%20Report

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Titre de la page couverture : Élaboration d'un plan national de gestion des oxydes d'azotes (NOx) et des composés organiques volatils (COV) - Sommaire.  1, record 46, French, - Resserrement%20des%20normes%20r%C3%A9gissant%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20d%27oxyde%20d%27azote%20et%20de%20compos%C3%A9s%20organiques%20volatils%20au%20Canada%20%2D%20Rapport%20sommaire

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Remarque : «oxydes d'azotes», la faute est dans le titre.  1, record 46, French, - Resserrement%20des%20normes%20r%C3%A9gissant%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20d%27oxyde%20d%27azote%20et%20de%20compos%C3%A9s%20organiques%20volatils%20au%20Canada%20%2D%20Rapport%20sommaire

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Premier rapport au Conseil canadien des ministres de l'environnement (avril 1989, mis à jour en juillet 1989) du Comité directeur fédéral/provincial sur le transport à distance des polluants atmosphériques.  1, record 46, French, - Resserrement%20des%20normes%20r%C3%A9gissant%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20d%27oxyde%20d%27azote%20et%20de%20compos%C3%A9s%20organiques%20volatils%20au%20Canada%20%2D%20Rapport%20sommaire

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The alternatives for nitrogen oxide control are boiler operation changes, combustion equipment modifications to reduce NO_x formation, and flue gas treatment... In the U. S. and Canada, combustion modification(CM) is the most common method of NOx reduction. NOx can be reduced by injecting the combustion air in two stages, normally by reducing air flow to the burner and injecting the remainder through "overfire" air ports in the side of the boiler. Low-NOx burners that accomplish staged conditions within the burner flame have also been developed. Staged combustion... reduces emission by 15-25%.  2, record 47, English, - low%2DNOx%20burner

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les procédés de réduction du taux d'oxyde d'azote sont les suivants : modifications du fonctionnement de la chaudière, modifications de l'équipement de combustion visant à réduire la formation de NOx, et traitement des gaz de combustion pour l'extraire des gaz. [...] Modifications de la combustion : aux États-Unis et au Canada, c'est la méthode la plus courante de réduction du NOx. On peut obtenir cette réduction en injectant l'air de combustion en deux étapes, habituellement en réduisant le courant d'air arrivant au brûleur et en injectant le reste de l'air par des entrées d'air secondaire pratiquées sur le côté de la chaudière. On a également mis au point des brûleurs à faible émissions de NOx qui réalisent les conditions de combustion par étape à l'intérieur de la flamme du brûleur : [...] Les brûleurs à "faible taux d'émissions de NOx" sont efficaces et sont souvent utilisés au Japon en liaison avec type standard de combustion par étapes et le procédé de recirculation des gaz.  1, record 47, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20%C3%A0%20faible%20taux%20d%27%C3%A9missions%20de%20NOx

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Ou encore] : brûleur qui produit peu de NOx.  1, record 47, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20%C3%A0%20faible%20taux%20d%27%C3%A9missions%20de%20NOx

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The SAI model is a photochemical dispersion model. It not only considers the transport and dispersion of pollutants but also the transformation of HC and NOx into photochemical oxidant pollutants.  1, record 48, English, - SAI%20model

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As in utility boilers, combustion modification is the principal method of controlling NOx emissions.  1, record 49, English, - combustion%20modification

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Prévention de la formation des oxydes d'azote par modification des techniques de combustion. L'Agence de Protection de l'Environnement des États-Unis a confié à l'Acurec Corporation un programme de recherche de 3 ans [...] sur l'évaluation des effets sur l'environnement des techniques de modifications de la combustion des sources fixes d'oxydes d'azote.  1, record 49, French, - modification%20de%20la%20combustion

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The exhaust gas reduces combustion temperatures. This, in turn, reduces the amount of NOx coming out of the tail pipe.  1, record 50, English, - tail%20pipe