TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In cloud physics, it is... of the utmost importance that surface tension should increase the equilibrium pressure with a decreasing-drop radius, while hygroscopic action should reduce it. Thus, only hygroscopie nuclei make the initial condensation phase in air possible.  2, record 1, English, - equilibrium%20pressure

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pression qui permet à deux phases d'une même substance de rester en équilibre.  2, record 1, French, - pression%20d%27%C3%A9quilibre

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A condensation particle counter(CPC) detects individual [aerosol] particles by passing them through a tube with controlled humidity in which the nanoparticles act as condensation nuclei for water. They can be grown to a sufficient size so that each one produces a detectable flash of light when it passes through a focused laser beam and can be counted.  4, record 2, English, - condensation%20particle%20counter

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La mesure de la concentration en nombre des particules submicroniques dispersées dans l'air repose sur l'utilisation de compteurs de noyaux de condensation (CNC). Ces appareils sont fondés sur la détection optique de particules ayant été artificiellement grossies à la suite de la condensation d'une vapeur adsorbée à leur surface. Ils reportent ainsi en temps réel la concentration en nombre des particules de taille comprise entre quelques nanomètres et quelques micromètres [...]  3, record 2, French, - compteur%20de%20particules%20de%20condensation

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositivo para efectuar mediciones discretas del número de núcleos de condensación.  1, record 2, Spanish, - contador%20de%20n%C3%BAcleos%20de%20condensaci%C3%B3n

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process by which a perturbation to aerosol affects the microphysical properties and evolution of clouds through the aerosol role as cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei, particularly in ways that affect radiation or precipitation...  1, record 3, English, - aerosol%2Dcloud%20interaction

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

… such processes can also include the effect of clouds and precipitation on aerosol. The aerosol perturbation can be anthropogenic or come from some natural source.  1, record 3, English, - aerosol%2Dcloud%20interaction

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus par lequel une perturbation des aérosols influe sur les propriétés microphysiques et sur le développement des nuages, les aérosols servant de noyaux de condensation des nuages ou de noyaux glaciogènes, en particulier par un effet sur le rayonnement et les précipitations [...]  2, record 3, French, - interaction%20a%C3%A9rosols%2Dnuages

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les aérosols anthropiques sont responsables d'un forçage radiatif du climat par des processus multiples qui peuvent être classés en deux catégories : les interactions aérosols–rayonnement (iar) et les interactions aérosols-nuages (ian).  1, record 3, French, - interaction%20a%C3%A9rosols%2Dnuages

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] cela peut comprendre aussi l'effet des nuages et des précipitations sur les aérosols.  2, record 3, French, - interaction%20a%C3%A9rosols%2Dnuages

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cloud chamber containing air supersaturated with water vapor by sudden expansion, in which rapidly moving nuclear particles such as alpha or beta rays produced ionization tracks by condensation of vapor on the ions produced by the rays.  4, record 4, English, - Wilson%20cloud%20chamber

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cloud chambers were first developed by Charles T.R. Wilson around 1911 for experiments on the formation of rain clouds. Wilson knew that water vapour condensed around ions, atoms which have become charged by gaining or losing electrons. However, an alpha particle, for example, which had an electric charge, would leave a trail of ions as it passed through a gas. If water vapour condensed on these ions, the track of the alpha particle would become visible as a line of water droplets.  2, record 4, English, - Wilson%20cloud%20chamber

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There are two basic types of cloud chambers in use today;(1) the expansion chamber... which depends upon expansion of the air, within the chamber, to cool it and thus create a supersaturated atmosphere, and(2) the continuous or diffusion type chamber..., that creates a supersaturated atmosphere by diffusion of vapor from the warm upper region of the chamber to the cooled bottom of the chamber. In both types, electrically charged ions created by nuclear particles colliding with atoms within the chamber atmosphere, serve as nuclei of condensation.  5, record 4, English, - Wilson%20cloud%20chamber

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chambre à nuage dans laquelle la sursaturation de la vapeur est obtenue pendant un court intervalle de temps par une détente rapide.  1, record 4, French, - chambre%20de%20Wilson

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Recipiente, a menudo cilíndrico, dotado de una ventana transparente y de un pistón móvil que permite que el vapor de agua en el recipiente se expanda y se condense cuando la presión disminuye al ser desplazado el pistón hacia afuera.  2, record 4, Spanish, - c%C3%A1mara%20de%20Wilson

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procedure for rapid on-site fit-testing for fundamental fit of respirator using condensation nuclei counters has been developed.  1, record 5, English, - fundamental%20fit

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An instrument for counting the dust particles in a known volume of air.  5, record 6, English, - dust%20counter

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A nuclei counter is a type of dust counter which measures the number of drops of water which condense on the dust particles serving as condensation nuclei. Commonly "nuclei counter" and "dust counter" are used as synonyms.  6, record 6, English, - dust%20counter

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrument de mesure de la quantité de poussières contenue dans un volume d'air donné.  3, record 6, French, - pulvim%C3%A8tre

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'appellation «compteur de noyaux» se réfère au type de pulvimètre dans lequel les poussières sont amenées à servir de noyaux de condensation et dans lequel on compte les gouttelettes d'eau condensée.  3, record 6, French, - pulvim%C3%A8tre

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrumento para medir la cantidad de polvo presente en un volumen dado de aire.  1, record 6, Spanish, - contador%20de%20polvo

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrument to determine the number of condensation nuclei or ice nuclei in a sample of air.  3, record 7, English, - nucleus%20counter

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 DEF

... dust counter which measures the number of drops of water which condense on the dust particles serving as condensation nuclei.  4, record 7, English, - nucleus%20counter

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type de pulvimètre dans lequel les poussières sont amenées à servir de noyaux de condensation et dans lequel on compte les gouttelettes d'eau condensée.  2, record 7, French, - compteur%20de%20noyaux

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certains auteurs confondent le pulvimètre et le compteur de noyaux. Ce dernier compte les poussières qui servent de noyaux de condensation.  3, record 7, French, - compteur%20de%20noyaux

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... un tipo de contador de polvo en que las partículas de polvo actúan como núcleos de condensación, contando luego las gotas de agua producidas.  1, record 7, Spanish, - contador%20de%20n%C3%BAcleos

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of removing pollutants from the atmosphere by precipitation [i.e. either by rain or snow].  8, record 8, English, - scavenging%20by%20precipitation

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Precipitation scavenging is usually divided into two types of process, those associated with cloud phenomena called rainout and those concerned with removal by falling precipitation called washout. It is at present possible to describe theoretically washout processes but no adequate theory of rainout exists.  2, record 8, English, - scavenging%20by%20precipitation

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The E-W gradient in the SO₄ content in the snow is significant, even after the subtraction of sea-sulphur. A possible explanation may be rainout/washout at the coast of sulphur from distant sources.  4, record 8, English, - scavenging%20by%20precipitation

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Rainout(or snowout), which is the in-cloud capture of particulates as condensation nuclei, is one form of scavenging. The other form is washout, the below-cloud capture of particulates and gaseous pollutants by falling raindrops. Large particles are most efficiently removed by washout. Small particles(especially those less than 1 m in diameter) more easily follow the airstream flowing around raindrops and generally avoid capture by raindrops except in heavy rain events.  9, record 8, English, - scavenging%20by%20precipitation

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus d'élimination des polluants de l'atmosphère par voie humide.  4, record 8, French, - lavage

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À l'exception de ce qui reste dans l'air, les SO₂ et les NO_x retombent au loin de façon ininterrompue, sous forme [...] de dépôts humides : c'est le lavage de gaz et des particules de l'air, par les précipitations (pluie et neige), surtout les orages.  5, record 8, French, - lavage

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Il semblerait donc que le lessivage de l'atmosphère par la précipitation antérieure diminuait le taux d'acidité. Les périodes pluvieuses caractérisées par des averses et des orages locaux provoquaient des pluies acidifiées.  6, record 8, French, - lavage

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Eliminación de sustancias de la atmósfera, como polvo, aerosoles y gases, debido a precipitación líquida o sólida.  4, record 8, Spanish, - lavado

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The study of clouds.  4, record 9, English, - nephology

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Throughout [the evolution of cloud seeding with artificial motes] the most important properties appear to be the air motion and the size-distribution spectrum of all the cloud particles, including the condensation nuclei. These properties vary significantly with time and position within the cloud, so that cloud studies demand the intensive examination of individual clouds with expensive facilities such as aircraft and radar.  2, record 9, English, - nephology

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le processus suivant lequel ces gouttelettes s'assemblent en gouttes suffisamment grosses pour tomber sous forme de pluie, constitue un chapitre important de l'étude des nuages.  1, record 9, French, - %C3%A9tude%20des%20nuages

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme "néphologie" n'est pas attesté dans les dictionnaires généraux. La racine "neph-" (nuage), sauf quelques exceptions comme "néphoscope", est peu féconde en français.  3, record 9, French, - %C3%A9tude%20des%20nuages

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The process by which nuclei are formed in [a] solution [is called nucleation].... The condensation of a compound on a foreign substance is called heterogeneous nucleation.  1, record 10, English, - heterogeneous%20nucleation

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[La nucléation est] le procédé par lequel il se forme des germes de nucléation en solution. [...] La condensation d'une espèce sur une substance étrangère sera appelée nucléation hétérogène.  1, record 10, French, - nucl%C3%A9ation%20h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rog%C3%A8ne

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso de nucleación que tiene lugar sobre las paredes del recipiente o sobre sustancias ajenas ya presentes en el sistema.  1, record 10, Spanish, - nucleaci%C3%B3n%20heterog%C3%A9nea

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Estas sustancias, que deben mantenerse sólidas a la temperatura de cristalización, pueden ser impurezas o pequeñas partículas cristalinas añadidas a propósito en el fundido, denominadas agentes nucleantes. Los sólidos actúan como núcleos, favoreciendo el proceso de la nucleación, y por eso, la nucleación heterogénea requiere sobreenfriamientos inferiores a los de la nucleación homogénea.  1, record 10, Spanish, - nucleaci%C3%B3n%20heterog%C3%A9nea

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Colloidal sols may be formed by condensation methods. When a condensation method is applied, molecules(or ions) are deposited on nuclei which may be of the same chemical species as the colloid. [This is called] homogeneous nucleation...  1, record 11, English, - homogeneous%20nucleation

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Des sols colloïdaux peuvent se former par des méthodes de condensation. Lorsqu'on applique une méthode de condensation, il se dépose des molécules (ou des ions) sur les noyaux qui peuvent être des espèces chimiques de la même nature que le colloïde, [c'est la nucléation homogène].  1, record 11, French, - nucl%C3%A9ation%20homog%C3%A8ne

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso de nucleación en el que los embriones de los núcleos están constituidos por el propio material que va a cristalizar.  1, record 11, Spanish, - nucleaci%C3%B3n%20homog%C3%A9nea

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Freezing which occurs in the absence of freezing nuclei.  2, record 12, English, - homogeneous%20freezing

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If only water is involved in either the process of condensation or freezing then that process is called either HOMOGENEOUS condensation or HOMOGENEOUS freezing. Most condensation or freezing, however, involves more than just water. Most often particulates(often called aerosols) serve as nuclei to initiate the process. In this case the process is a HETEROGENEOUS process.  3, record 12, English, - homogeneous%20freezing

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This process is not important in the atmosphere.  2, record 12, English, - homogeneous%20freezing

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Congélation qui se produit en l'absence de noyaux de congélation.  1, record 12, French, - cong%C3%A9lation%20homog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce processus est peu important dans l'atmosphère.  1, record 12, French, - cong%C3%A9lation%20homog%C3%A8ne

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Congelación que se produce en ausencia de núcleos de congelación.  1, record 12, Spanish, - congelaci%C3%B3n%20homog%C3%A9nea

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Es un proceso poco importante en la atmósfera.  1, record 12, Spanish, - congelaci%C3%B3n%20homog%C3%A9nea

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Irradiation-induced swelling, also known as void swelling(VS), occurs in austenitic stainless steels and nickel-base alloys during neutron bombardment. Voids grow due to the migration and condensation of vacancies on the void nuclei(which can be gas bubbles) leading to an increase In material volume. This phenomenon is dependent on temperature, neutron flux, and neutron fluence. Swelling is typically a concern for fast reactors at temperatures above 350°C(662°F).  1, record 13, English, - irradiation%2Dinduced%20swelling

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La section efficace d'absorption neutronique du dysprosium est relativement élevée dans le domaine des neutrons thermiques ce qui confère au titanate une efficacité comparable aux matériaux classiques [...] Sous irradiation, le matériau se dégrade peu. Le gonflement de la phase fluorine est faible [moins de] 0,5 % en volume pour une fluence de 10²² neutrons par cm² en neutrons thermiques à 250-450 °C. Les phases orthorhombiques et hexagonales montrent un gonflement plus important, essentiellement dû aux changements de phases O[vers]H[vers]F, d'où l'intérêt de l'utilisation de la phase cubique stabilisée. Le matériau a été utilisé soit sous forme de poudres vibrocompactées, soit sous forme de pastilles frittées. Pour les poudres, le faible gonflement entraîne l'absence de déformation des gaines les contenant. Pour les pastilles, une fissuration apparaît dans les matériaux irradiés sous forte fluence du fait des contraintes dues aux dilatations différentielles induites par les gradients thermiques élevés ([plus de]> 60 °C/mm).  1, record 13, French, - gonflement%20sous%20irradiation

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Study of the effects of cities on the environment such as increased surface roughness, urban pollutants as a source of condensation nuclei, higher values of water vapour content, reduced insolation, etc.  1, record 14, English, - urban%20climatology

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étude des effets des grandes villes sur l'environnement, tels que l'augmentation de la rugosité de surface, les polluants urbains en tant que source de noyaux de condensation, la teneur plus élevée en vapeur d'eau, la réduction de l'insolation, etc.  1, record 14, French, - climatologie%20urbaine

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estudio de los efectos de las grandes ciudades en el medio ambiente, como el aumento de la rugosidad de superficie, los contaminantes urbanos como origen de núcleos de condensación, el aumento del contenido de vapor de agua, la reducción de la insolación, etc.  1, record 14, Spanish, - climatolog%C3%ADa%20urbana

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance used to provide condensation nuclei within a cloud(e. g., silver iodide, dry ice and other chemical hygroscopic particles) and dispersed from the ground, from an airplane or from a rocket.  1, record 15, English, - seeding%20agent

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance utilisée pour fournir des noyaux de condensation dans un nuage (p. ex. iodure d'argent, neige carbonique et autres particules chimiques hygroscopiques) et dispersée à partir du sol, d'un avion ou d'une fusée.  1, record 15, French, - agent%20d%27ensemencement

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sustancia utilizada para producir núcleos de condensación en una nube (por ejemplo, yoduro de plata, nieve carbónica y otras partículas químicas higroscópicas), dispersada a partir del suelo, de una aeronave o de un cohete.  1, record 15, Spanish, - agente%20de%20siembra

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The removal of a pollutant within clouds.  4, record 16, English, - rainout

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Wet deposition - Collectively, the processes by which materials are removed from the atmosphere and deposited at the surface of the earth by precipitation elements. The processes include in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging of both gaseous and particulate materials.  2, record 16, English, - rainout

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Rainout ... is generally a more effective removal mechanism than washout.  5, record 16, English, - rainout

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Rainout(or snowout), which is the in-cloud capture of particulates as condensation nuclei, is one form of scavenging. The other form is washout, the below-cloud capture of particulates and gaseous pollutants by falling raindrops.  3, record 16, English, - rainout

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mécanisme d'élimination des polluants de l'atmosphère qui résulte de l'incorporation des substances polluantes aux gouttes d'eau d'un nuage.  4, record 16, French, - pi%C3%A9geage

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dépôt liquide - Pris globalement, ce terme désigne les processus par lesquels des substances sont éliminées du milieu atmosphérique et déposées sur la surface du sol par la pluie et la neige. Ce processus comprend l'élimination des particules par piégeage dans les nuages lors de la formation des gouttelettes et par entraînement de ces particules par les gouttelettes sous les nuages.  5, record 16, French, - pi%C3%A9geage

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les pluies acides sont dues d'une part à l'inclusion de gaz et d'aérosols lors de la formation de la gouttelette de brouillard à l'intérieur du nuage (rain-out), et d'autre part à la captation d'aérosols et de gaz lorsque les gouttes de pluie tombent (wash-out), il s'en suit une diminution du PH des précipitations.  6, record 16, French, - pi%C3%A9geage

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A nucleus whose aqueous solution has an equilibrium vapour pressure lower than that of pure water.  2, record 17, English, - hygroscopic%20nucleus

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The exact form taken by hygroscopic nuclei is most frequently that of droplets of solution. It was established by Lord Kelvin that the vapour pressure over the surface of a water drop in equilibrium with its surroundings is greater than that over a plane water surface.... The vapour pressure over the surface of a solution is always less than that over pure water at the same temperature. For this reason, a solution is hygroscopic, and absorbs water vapour from the surrounding air, becoming diluted in the process. From this it follows that nuclei in the form of droplets of solution may be expected to be satisfactory condensation kerns. When particles of hygroscopic substances are exposed to sufficiently damp air, they become droplets of solution.  3, record 17, English, - hygroscopic%20nucleus

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Noyau dont la solution aqueuse a une pression de vapeur en équilibre plus basse que celle de l'eau pure.  2, record 17, French, - noyau%20hygroscopique

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Núcleo cuya solución acuosa tiene una presión de vapor en equilibrio más baja que la del agua pura.  2, record 17, Spanish, - n%C3%BAcleo%20higrosc%C3%B3pico

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Possessing a marked ability to accelerate the condensation of water vapor; applies to condensation nuclei composed of salts which yield aqueous solutions of a very low equilibrium vapor pressure compared with that of pure water at the same temperature.  2, record 18, English, - hygroscopic

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'un corps qui a des affinités avec l'eau et favorise la condensation.  2, record 18, French, - hygroscopique

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Noyaux hygroscopiques» : noyaux de condensation, constitués par des solutions aqueuses de sels (chlorures de magnésium, de sodium, de calcium) ou d'acides (sulfurique, nitreux), intervenant dans la génèse des pluies.  2, record 18, French, - hygroscopique

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ocurre también, aunque raramente, que una nube carezca de cristales en su parte superior, pero contenga núcleos de condensación higroscópicos, o sea ávidos de humedad; estos se cargan así de agua hasta adquirir el peso que los hace caer.  2, record 18, Spanish, - higrosc%C3%B3pico

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Condensation which occurs in the absence of condensation nuclei.  2, record 19, English, - homogeneous%20condensation

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If only water is involved in either the process of condensation or freezing then that process is called either HOMOGENEOUS condensation or HOMOGENEOUS freezing. Most condensation or freezing, however, involves more than just water. Most often particulates(often called aerosols) serve as nuclei to initiate the process. In this case the process is a HETEROGENEOUS process.  3, record 19, English, - homogeneous%20condensation

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Homogeneous condensation occurs at relative humidity values greater than 440%.  4, record 19, English, - homogeneous%20condensation

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This process is not important in the atmosphere.  2, record 19, English, - homogeneous%20condensation

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Condensation qui se produit en l'absence de noyaux de condensation.  1, record 19, French, - condensation%20homog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce processus est peu important dans l'atmosphère.  1, record 19, French, - condensation%20homog%C3%A8ne

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Condensación que se produce en ausencia de núcleos de condensación.  1, record 19, Spanish, - condensaci%C3%B3n%20homog%C3%A9nea

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Es un proceso poco importante en la atmósfera.  1, record 19, Spanish, - condensaci%C3%B3n%20homog%C3%A9nea

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Small solid particles around which water condensates (cloud formation)  2, record 20, English, - hygroscopic%20nucleus

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Condensation on hygroscopic nuclei may begin at a relative humidity much lower than 100 per cent(about 75 per cent for sodium chloride) ;while on so-called non-hygroscopic nuclei, which merely furnish sufficiently large(by molecular standards) wettable surfaces, relative humidities of nearly 100 per cent are required.  3, record 20, English, - hygroscopic%20nucleus

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Noyau de condensation, constitué par des solutions aqueuses de sels (chlorures de magnésium, de sodium, de calcium) ou d'acide (sulfurique, nitreux), intervenant dans la genèse des pluies.  2, record 20, French, - noyau%20hygroscopique

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In meteorology, the condition existing in a given portion of the atmosphere (or other space) when the relative humidity is greater than 100 per cent, that is, when it contains more water vapor than is needed to produce saturation with respect to a plane surface of pure water or pure ice.  2, record 21, English, - supersaturation

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Such supersaturation does develop because frequently there is no "plane surface of pure water(or ice) "available. In the absence of water surfaces and in the absence of condensation nuclei or any wettable surfaces, phase change from vapor to liquid cannot occur due to the free energy barrier imposed by the surface free energy of the embryonic droplets which would then have to form by spontaneous nucleation... Cloud condensation occurs in our atmosphere at relative humidities near 100 per cent only because nature provides an abundance of condensation nuclei.  2, record 21, English, - supersaturation

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A most air sample is said to be supersaturated with respect to water or to ice.  3, record 21, English, - supersaturation

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Formation des nuages. - La condensation se produit théoriquement quand l'air qui se refroidit atteint le point de condensation mais si l'air est très pur, il peut contenir une quantité de vapeur d'eau supérieure à la saturation sans que la phase liquide apparaisse. On parle alors de sursaturation.  2, record 21, French, - sursaturation

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il faut préciser s'il s'agit d'une sursaturation par rapport à la glace ou par rapport à l'eau.  3, record 21, French, - sursaturation

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le terme «sursaturation» a aussi un autre sens en chimie physique.  3, record 21, French, - sursaturation

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estado del aire que contiene más vapor del que corresponde, como máximo, a su temperatura y presión.  1, record 21, Spanish, - sobresaturaci%C3%B3n

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The concentration of methane... is also determined weekly by ENEA from collected gas samples. The participation of an ultralight aircraft... equipped with an optical particle counter(FSSP-300), a condensation nuclei counter, an ozone photometer, a global radiation pyranometer, and upward and downward looking UV-B radiometers is still uncertain, depending on the approval of the flight authorizations.  1, record 22, English, - global%20radiation%20pyranometer

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pyranomètre à rayonnement global. Cet appareil mesure le flux de rayonnement solaire reçu sur une surface horizontale. Une ventilation permet l'élimination des condensations.  1, record 22, French, - pyranom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20rayonnement%20global

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Precipitation processes are complex.... Snow crystals begin as minute ice particles which have formed around condensation nuclei in the atmosphere. These nuclei may be dust particles with favorable molecular structure or even minute crystals of sea salt. If these ice particles exist in an atmosphere with an excess supply of water vapor(supersaturated air) they will continue to grow. Upon reaching a critical size, they begin to fall. Depending on the conditions they encounter in different layers of air during their descent, they may continue to grow, may stop growing, or may experience a succession of growth patterns. What arrives at the ground can be a simple product of the initial ice crystal formation, or it may be the result of a complex life history.  2, record 23, English, - ice%20particle

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La naissance de «germes de glace» à partir de microgouttelettes d'eau surfondue cristallisant autour d'un noyau de congélation, et la croissance de ces germes en un cristal du système hexagonal (symétrie d'ordre six) conduisent à la formation de la neige au sein des nuages.  3, record 23, French, - germe%20de%20glace

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les cristaux de neige prennent naissance dans les nuages. Les gouttes d'eau en surfusion rencontrent des germes de glace (particules de poussières ou gouttes gelées) pour ainsi donner les cristaux de glace.  4, record 23, French, - germe%20de%20glace

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 CONT

nuage : ensemble visible de minuscules particules d'eau liquide ou de glace, ou des deux à la fois, en suspension dans l'atmosphère.  2, record 23, French, - germe%20de%20glace

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mists are formed by the condensation of vapors upon suitable nuclei. This gives rise to a suspension of small liquid droplets. Particle sizes of naturally occurring mists range between 5µ and 100µ. Submicron particles can be produced under special conditions. The terminology here is used rather loosely.  2, record 24, English, - submicron%20particle

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Particule de diamètre inférieur au micron.  3, record 24, French, - particule%20submicronique

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les particules inférieures à 5 micromètres rendent le panache visible en absorbant la lumière solaire. Les brouillards ne réduisent pas sensiblement la luminosité mais diminuent les contrastes. Le coefficient d'extinction dépend des facteurs d'absorption et de diffusion, ce dernier étant principalement en jeu lorsqu'il s'agit de particules fines, microniques et submicroniques.  4, record 24, French, - particule%20submicronique

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On range les particules entre 1 micromètre et 0.001 micromètre dans la catégorie «particules ou poussières fines». Au-delà, c'est-à-dire jusqu'à la dimension d'une simple molécule (0.0002 micromètre), la terminologie devient floue : particules ultrafines, microniques, inframicroscopiques, submicroniques, etc.  5, record 24, French, - particule%20submicronique

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le déterminant «submicronique» n'est pas attesté dans les dictionnaires généraux mais on l'emploie dans la documentation spécialisée.  5, record 24, French, - particule%20submicronique

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partícula de diámetro inferior a un micrón.  2, record 24, Spanish, - part%C3%ADcula%20submicr%C3%B3nica

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El sistema CCN/SPD es capaz de eliminar partículas submicrónicas de cualquier fuente.  1, record 24, Spanish, - part%C3%ADcula%20submicr%C3%B3nica

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A sample of air is said to be "supersaturated" if it contains more than enough water vapour to saturate it at its existing temperature. Owing to the presence of condensation nuclei, an appreciable degree of supersaturation with respect to water is rarely observed in the atmosphere.  2, record 25, English, - supersaturated%20air

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il arrive souvent que les particules solides permettant à la condensation de se fixer manquent dans les couches les plus pures de l'atmosphère libre, de sorte que l'air peut continuer ainsi de s'enrichir en vapeur d'eau bien au-delà du point de saturation, jusqu'à contenir plusieurs fois la quantité d'eau correspondant à celle de la tension maximale. Dans ce cas, l'air se trouve en état de sursaturation. Qu'une condensation vienne à s'y produire finalement, elle risque d'être d'autant plus brutale qu'elle est plus tardive dans un air plus sursaturé.  1, record 25, French, - air%20sursatur%C3%A9

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Such nuclei are much less common than condensation nuclei. Measurement indicates that their size distribution is of the order 0. 1 to several micrometres and that they are composed of volcanic dust and clay and other soil particles of crystalline structure similar to that of ice.  1, record 26, English, - soil%20particle

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although the term "dust" more specifically means: a particle larger than one micron in size, commonly it is considered a synonym of the word "particle".  3, record 26, English, - soil%20particle

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les poussière sédimentables sont recueillies à l'aide d'appareils simples, généralement placés sur des supports à une certaine hauteur du sol de façon à éviter que les poussières du sol, soulevées par les vents, ne viennent également s'y déposer.  1, record 26, French, - poussi%C3%A8re%20du%20sol

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The process by which nuclei are formed in [a] solution [is called nucleation].... The simultaneous condensation of more than one compound is called simultaneous nucleation.  1, record 27, English, - simultaneous%20nucleation

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[La nucléation est] le procédé par lequel il se forme des germes de nucléation en solution. [...] La condensation simultanée de plus d'une espèce sera appelée nucléation simultanée.  1, record 27, French, - nucl%C3%A9ation%20simultan%C3%A9e

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A vapour, the pressure of which exceeds the saturation vapour pressure at that temperature. It is unstable and condensation occurs in the presence of suitable nuclei.  1, record 28, English, - supersaturated%20vapour

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans des conditions particulières, la vapeur peut se trouver en contact avec la phase liquide et en équilibre avec celle-ci; si l'équilibre est stable, la pression de la vapeur ne dépend que de la température, et la vapeur est alors dite saturée. (...) La vapeur peut enfin se trouver dans un état métastable: on l'appelle vapeur sursaturée; dans cet état, à pression égale, sa masse volumique est supérieure à celle de la vapeur saturée.  1, record 28, French, - vapeur%20sursatur%C3%A9e

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hygroscopic substances exhibit a chemical attraction for water, which encourages condensation of water vapour on them in preference to other substances. This same attraction is capable of causing condensation in an atmosphere which is not saturated. It appears that hygroscopic substances possess in general more satisfactory qualities as nuclei than do non-hygroscopic substances.  3, record 29, English, - hygroscopic%20substance

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

noyaux de condensation. Ils sont constitués par des substances solides hygroscopiques, provenant soit de la mer (NaCl), soit de pollutions locales (résidus de combustion). Leur diamètre est compris entre 0,1 et 1 micromètre. Ils sont à l'origine de la formation des nuages, les fines gouttelettes d'eau se condensant dessus.  3, record 29, French, - substance%20hygroscopique

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aitken nuclei. The microscopic particles in the atmosphere which serve as condensation nuclei for droplet growth during the rapid adiabatic expansion produced by an Aitken dust-counter. These nuclei, often numbering many tens of thousands per cubic centimeter in city air, are both solid and liquid particles whose diameters are of the order of tenths of microns or even smaller.  3, record 30, English, - microscopic%20particle

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

microscopic. Very small, generally with dimensions between 0.5 and 100 micrometers, and visible only by magnification with an optical microscope.  4, record 30, English, - microscopic%20particle

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Noyau d'Aitken. Particule microscopique (de diamètre inférieur à environ 4 X 10-4 microns) de l'atmosphère agissant comme noyau de condensation dans l'utilisation du compteur d'Aitken.  1, record 30, French, - particule%20microscopique

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les particules inframicroscopiques. Elles constituent le plus petit élément des "aérosols" atmosphériques. Leur taille peut descendre au-dessous de 10 [angstrom]. On les dénomme souvent particules (ou noyaux) d'Aitken. Leur diamètre moyen est à peine de 300 [angstrom]! Elles sont de composition inconnue, par suite de la masse infime qu'elles représentent par rapport aux autres constituants des poussières.  3, record 30, French, - particule%20microscopique

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sous ces termes on regroupe indistinctement toutes les particules dont le diamètre est inférieur aux poussières fines (d'un micron à .0005 micron) mais supérieur au diamètre des molécules elles-mêmes [.0002 micron].  4, record 30, French, - particule%20microscopique

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

for continued condensation leading to the formation of cloud droplets, the air must be slightly supersaturated. Among the highly efficient condensation nuclei are the salt particles produced by the evaporation of sea spray, but it now appears that particles produced by man-made fires and by natural combustion(for example, forest fires) also make a major contribution.  1, record 31, English, - salt%20particle

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les tempêtes océaniques entraînent des embruns dans l'air. Les aérosols marins ainsi constitués donnent, après évaporation, des particules salines de 0,3 [micromètre] de diamètre moyen, dont le nombre décroît beaucoup au-delà de 3 000 m d'altitude. Enfin, les incendies de forêts et les cultures itinérantes sur brûlis, encore fréquents dans les régions intertropicales, constituent une source à la fois naturelle ou d'origine humaine émettant des aérosols.  2, record 31, French, - particule%20de%20sel

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish