TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For a multi-pore membrane with high pore density, a large number of nanochannels are involved in energy conversion, and the total power generation is much greater than that of a single nanochannel. However, the interaction between the pores causes intense concentration polarization, which significantly reduces the driving force of ion transport. As a result, the output power density of the multi-pore membrane is only a few watts per square meter.  2, record 1, English, - output%20power%20density

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Des chercheurs] ont étudié l'influence du compost dans les biopiles à base de plants de riz et ont trouvé une amélioration de la densité de puissance produite [...]  1, record 1, French, - densit%C3%A9%20de%20puissance%20produite

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Osmolarity or osmotic concentration is the number of osmoles of a solute per litre of solution.  3, record 2, English, - osmolarity

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with "osmolality," which is measured in osmoles or milliosmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.  4, record 2, English, - osmolarity

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'osmolarité est définie comme le nombre de particules osmotiquement actives par litre de solution, c'est-à-dire, plus exactement, le nombre de moles en solution qui interviennent dans la pression osmotique s'exerçant sur une membrane lorsque le phénomène d'osmose se produit. C'est donc une grandeur qui intervient dans la définition de la pression osmotique. Elle se mesure en osmole par litre [de solution].  4, record 2, French, - osmolarit%C3%A9

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec «osmolalité», qui se mesure en osmoles ou milliosmoles de soluté par kilogramme de solvant.  5, record 2, French, - osmolarit%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si se añadiera más glucosa, la concentración de la solución sería mayor que la de la sangre normal, o lo que es lo mismo, aumentaría su osmolaridad, su tendencia a atraer el agua.  1, record 2, Spanish, - osmolaridad

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The concentration of virus copies(RNA [ribonucleic acid] or DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid]) in a blood sample, reported as number of copies per millilitre of blood plasma.  8, record 3, English, - blood%20plasma%20viral%20load

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

blood viral load: Strictly speaking, "blood viral load" includes both plasma and cellular viral loads and is not commonly measured in clinics. Therefore, it is preferable to use the more precise terms "blood plasma viral load" or "plasma viral load."  8, record 3, English, - blood%20plasma%20viral%20load

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

viral load, viral burden: Widely used to refer to "blood plasma viral load", these terms can also refer to the "total body viral load" or to the "viral load" in different components of the human body. It is therefore preferable to use the more precise terms "blood plasma viral load" or "plasma viral load."  8, record 3, English, - blood%20plasma%20viral%20load

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le terme [...] charge virale plasmatique est habituellement utilisé pour désigner la virémie plasmatique[, c'est-à‑dire] la concentration de virus ou d'équivalents viraux présents dans la circulation sanguine. Elle s'exprime en copies par millilitre ou en équivalents particules (ou en équivalents génomes) par ml. C'est le reflet, imparfait, de l'activité réplicative du virus.  5, record 3, French, - charge%20virale%20plasmatique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

charge virale sanguine : Au sens strict, la «charge virale sanguine» comprend la charge virale dans le plasma sanguin et dans les cellules sanguines (et elle est rarement mesurée en clinique). Il est donc préférable d'utiliser le terme exact de «charge virale plasmatique».  6, record 3, French, - charge%20virale%20plasmatique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

charge virale : Bien que de nombreux auteurs emploient couramment «charge virale» pour désigner la «charge virale plasmatique», il est préférable d'utiliser le terme exact «charge virale plasmatique» pour éviter toute confusion avec la «charge virale» dans d'autres liquides, par exemple, la salive (charge virale salivaire), ainsi que les liquides séminal (charge virale séminale), amniotique et céphalo-rachidien.  6, record 3, French, - charge%20virale%20plasmatique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Estudios de la carga viral en plasma han mostrado que la determinación de ésta al momento del diagnóstico de la infección con HIV [virus de inmunodeficiencia humana] o poco tiempo después también tiene valor en pronosticar el eventual curso clínico de la enfermedad.  2, record 3, Spanish, - carga%20viral%20plasm%C3%A1tica

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

SMBG works by having patients perform a number of glucose tests each day or each week. The test most commonly involves pricking a finger with a lancet device to obtain a small blood sample, applying a drop of blood onto a reagent strip, and determining the glucose concentration by inserting the strip into a reflectance photometer for an automated reading. Test results are then recorded in a logbook or stored in the glucose meter's electronic memory. People with diabetes can be taught to use their SMBG results to correct any deviations out of a desired target range by changing their carbohydrate intake, exercising, or using more or less insulin.  2, record 4, English, - self%2Dmonitoring%20of%20blood%20glucose

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[In electrochemistry], defined by the equation k_d=i₁/nFcA where the limiting current i₁ is assumed to be due to the diffusion species of concentration c and of diffusion coefficient D. n is the charge number of the cell reaction written so that the stoichiometric coefficient of this species is unity. A is usually taken as the geometric area of the electrode, and F is the Faraday constant.  1, record 5, English, - heterogeneous%20diffusion%20rate%20constant

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[En électrochimie], définie par l'équation: k_d = i_l/nFcA pour laquelle on fait l'hypothèse que le courant limite, I_l, est dû à l'espèce diffusante de concentration, c, et de coefficient de diffusion, D. n est le nombre de charges de la réaction de cellule écrite d'une façon telle que le coefficient stœchiométrique de cette espèce est égal à l'unité. On considère généralement que A est la superficie géométrique de l'électrode et que F est la constante de Faraday.  1, record 5, French, - constante%20de%20vitesse%20de%20diffusion%20h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

À cause de contraintes informatiques les équations ne peuvent être reproduites.  2, record 5, French, - constante%20de%20vitesse%20de%20diffusion%20h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rog%C3%A8ne

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device for converting physical or chemical properties of substances to an analytical signal (digit, curve, colour, deflection of the recorder).  3, record 6, English, - substance%20detector

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Differential detectors produce a chart record consisting of a series of peaks; integral detectors produce a record which is a series of steps. Universal detectors respond to all or most compounds; selective detectors respond to a group of compounds or a number of species; specific detectors respond to a very limited class of compounds. In all cases a linear response to concentration is desirable.  3, record 6, English, - substance%20detector

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

To classify detectors, many terms have been introduced; these are based either on (1) the manner in which their output signals are recorded (yielding either integral or differential chromatograms), (2) their modes of operation, (3) monitoring some selective or specific physical property of a compound, or (4) their reactivity with the eluted molecule (destructive or nondestructive).  4, record 6, English, - substance%20detector

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Detector calibration, chamber, lid.  3, record 6, English, - substance%20detector

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Gas chromatographic ozone-chemiluminescence detector.  3, record 6, English, - substance%20detector

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les détecteurs permettent de visualiser la séparation, voire d'améliorer la sélectivité dans le cas où celle du système chromatographique est insuffisante et, pour les plus performants d'entre eux, d'apporter des informations quant à l'unicité des pics chromatographiques ou encore l'identification des solutés.  2, record 6, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Détecteurs. On peut [...] les classer soit selon leur principe de mesure, soit selon le degré d'information qu'ils peuvent apporter. Dans le premier classement, on distingue les détecteurs mettant en œuvre une propriété spécifique du soluté (détection directe), une propriété spécifique d'un des constituants de l'éluant (détection indirecte) ou une différence de propriété entre le soluté et la phase éluante provoquant des variations au niveau de l'effluent (détection différentielle). [...] Dans le second classement, on les regroupe en trois catégories : détecteurs simples, [...] détecteurs semi-informatifs, [...] détecteurs intelligents.  2, record 6, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Étalonner, monter en opposition, monter (un, des) détecteur(s) en série.  3, record 6, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Le détecteur permet le repérage.  3, record 6, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 PHR

Bloc, cellule, domaine de linéarité, enceinte, étalonnage, saturation d'un détecteur.  3, record 6, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 4 PHR

Détecteur sélectif, ultrasensible.  3, record 6, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Machine in which the air used to generate a mineralised froth is blown into the cell, either through a porous septum at or near the bottom, or by pipes which bring low-pressure air to that region.  4, record 7, English, - pneumatic%20flotation%20cell

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In pneumatic cells, the air flow also provides agitation of pulp. While the actual number of plants with air cells is relatively small, the majority of these units are used in concentration of copper ores and handle fairly large tonnages.  3, record 7, English, - pneumatic%20flotation%20cell

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Machine de flottation dans laquelle l'aération et l'agitation sont obtenues à l'aide d'une injection d'air comprimé dans la pulpe.  3, record 7, French, - machine%20de%20flottation%20pneumatique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Descriptive of a body of water which is low in nutrients and characterized by high transparency, a high concentration of oxygen in the upper layer, a small number of aquatic organisms and bottom deposits which are usually coloured in shades of brown and contain only small amounts of organic matter.  2, record 8, English, - oligotrophic

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

oligotrophic: term and definition standardized by ISO.  3, record 8, English, - oligotrophic

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qualificatif se rapportant à une masse d'eau pauvre en matières nutritives et caractérisée par une grande transparence, une importante teneur en oxygène dans sa couche supérieure, un petit nombre d'orga­nismes aquatiques et des sédiments généralement colorés de teintes brunes contenant peu de matières organiques.  2, record 8, French, - oligotrophe

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

oligotrophe : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  3, record 8, French, - oligotrophe

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Calificativo referido a un cuerpo de agua baja en nutrientes, caracterizada por una gran transparencia, una elevada concentración de oxígeno en la capa superior, un pequeño número de organismos acuáticos y sedimentos generalmente coloreados en tonos pardos que contienen sólo pequeñas cantidades de material orgánico.  2, record 8, Spanish, - oligotr%C3%B3fico

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the fatigue strength of a specimen with no stress concentration to the fatigue strength at the same number of cycles with stress concentration for the same conditions.  2, record 9, English, - fatigue%20strength%20reduction%20factor

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport de la limite de fatigue sur éprouvettes lisses et polies à la limite de fatigue sur éprouvettes présentant un effet d'entaille; [...]  1, record 9, French, - facteur%20de%20r%C3%A9duction%20de%20la%20r%C3%A9sistance%20%C3%A0%20la%20fatigue

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 DEF

[...] rapport de la résistance à la fatigue d'une éprouvette en l'absence de concentration des contraintes, à la résistance à la fatigue pour le même nombre de cycles avec concentration des contraintes, dans les mêmes conditions.  3, record 9, French, - facteur%20de%20r%C3%A9duction%20de%20la%20r%C3%A9sistance%20%C3%A0%20la%20fatigue

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La détermination du coefficient de concentration de contraintes suppose la connaissance des contraintes nominales par les formules classiques, de la résistance des matériaux et de la contrainte réelle.  2, record 9, French, - facteur%20de%20r%C3%A9duction%20de%20la%20r%C3%A9sistance%20%C3%A0%20la%20fatigue

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le coefficient de concentration de contraintes est un outil peu précis. Il est illusoire d'espérer une incertitude inférieure à 10 %. Lorsqu'il est nécessaire de connaître avec précision la contrainte dans une zone de concentration, il faut la mesurer ou la calculer directement par une méthode numérique.  2, record 9, French, - facteur%20de%20r%C3%A9duction%20de%20la%20r%C3%A9sistance%20%C3%A0%20la%20fatigue

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'entaille [...] n'est pas la seule particularité morphologique susceptible de créer une concentration de contraintes. Les épaulements, les trous et, en règle générale, toutes les discontinuités de forme provoquent le même phénomène. Cependant, on utilise souvent le terme d'entaille pour schématiser tous les cas possibles. L'effet d'une entaille sur une pièce est la création de concentrations de contraintes locales.  2, record 9, French, - facteur%20de%20r%C3%A9duction%20de%20la%20r%C3%A9sistance%20%C3%A0%20la%20fatigue

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The regulation of gene expression in response to fluctuations in cell-population density.  3, record 10, English, - quorum%20sensing

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The discovery that bacteria are able to communicate with each other changed our general perception of many single, simple organisms inhabiting our world. Instead of language, bacteria use signalling molecules which are released into the environment. As well as releasing the signalling molecules, bacteria are also able to measure the number(concentration) of the molecules within a population. Nowadays we use the term ’Quorum Sensing’(QS) to describe the phenomenon whereby the accumulation of signalling molecules enable a single cell to sense the number of bacteria(cell density). In the natural environment, there are many different bacteria living together which use various classes of signalling molecules. As they employ different languages they cannot necessarily talk to all other bacteria.  2, record 10, English, - quorum%20sensing

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de mécanismes régulateurs qui contrôlent l'expression coordonnée de certains gènes bactériens au sein d'une même population bactérienne.  2, record 10, French, - d%C3%A9tection%20du%20quorum

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

… electrons attachment is proportional to the number of electrons and to the concentration n, rap of attaching molecules and [the fact] that there is a continuous loss of ions through the ionic current …  1, record 11, English, - electrons%20attachment

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] mécanisme élémentaire d'attachement d'un électron sur un atome ou une molécule [...]  2, record 11, French, - attachement%20%C3%A9lectronique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The volume of feedstock charged to a process equipment unit during a specified time.  1, record 12, English, - throughput

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A number of common enzyme reactor configurations exist. These simple types may be further complicated by the addition of recycle loops so as to facilitate complete conversion of substrate when high volumetric through-puts must be maintained.... As well as effects related to pH and salt concentration, specific protein-protein interaction may affect the retention of a protein. Elongation factor Tu has a throughput of 45% with a 100, 000 molecular weight cut-off membrane, but addition of factor Ts, which is known to form a complex with Tu reduced throughput to 8%.  3, record 12, English, - throughput

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'enzyme fixée sur un support particulaire est disposée dans une colonne percolée par la solution à traiter. L'alimentation continue en substrat peut se faire par flux ascendant ou descendant et peut comporter un dispositif de recyclage. Plusieurs colonnes peuvent fonctionner en série avec des enzymes différentes. (...) Ce type de réacteur est généralement caractérisé par une perte de charge assez importante, fonction du débit d'alimentation, de la viscosité de la solution à traiter, de la taille et de la forme des particules du support, de la longueur et de la géométrie de la colonne.  1, record 12, French, - d%C3%A9bit%20d%27alimentation

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Subject of study in a department or field of learning, in which a student is required or elects to take a specified number of courses and/or credit hours fewer than required for a major field of study and with less intensive concentration.  1, record 13, English, - minor

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Champs d'études secondaire d'un programme d'études.  3, record 13, French, - mineure

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mineure : Terme et définition recommandés par l'Office de la langue française.  4, record 13, French, - mineure

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A constant of great practical importance since it is equal to the substrate concentration required to reach half the maximum velocity. This constant of a substrate is therefore, a measure of the affinity of the enzyme for that substrate : the lower the constant, the higher the affinity. The constant possesses the unit gram molecule per liter(M) and it is independent of enzyme concentration. Kinetically, it is related to a number of rate constants. Values are usually in the range of 10-[supercript2] M to 10[ Supercript 6) M.  3, record 14, English, - Km

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A landmark paper has been published by Winter et al. (1982) on the redesigning of enzyme structure by site directed mutagenesis.... This is a method for systematically replacing (during biosynthesis) an amino acid at a particular site with another amino acid, and observing the consequences. In the quoted text, a reduction in enzymic activity was observed that was largely due to a lowered Michaelis constant (K_m) for the ATP required to join the tyrosine to the transfer RNA.  4, record 14, English, - Km

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Michaelis constant determined for immobilized enzymes is necessarily only an apparent constant (K’_m) and should be distinguished clearly from the constant normally determined with the soluble enzyme.  5, record 14, English, - Km

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The term Km should read K_m.  6, record 14, English, - Km

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Constante de cinétique enzymatique représentant la concentration de substrat pour laquelle la vitesse d'activité enzymatique est la moitié de la vitesse maximale. Elle s'exprime en mole/litre et définit bien l'affinité de l'enzyme pour son substrat. Elle varie avec chaque enzyme et suivant les conditions expérimentales (pH, nature du substrat).  3, record 14, French, - Km

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La constante de Michaelis d'une enzyme est d'autant plus basse que l'enzyme est plus active, puisqu'elle exprime approximativement l'inverse de l'affinité du substrat pour l'enzyme. [...] La connaissance de la K_m d'une enzyme est importante car une enzyme à K_m élevée ne pourra agir avec efficacité dans la cellule que si le substrat s'y trouve à concentration élevée.  4, record 14, French, - Km

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme Km s'écrit K_m.  5, record 14, French, - Km

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Parámetro cinético de una enzima cuyo inverso da en ocasiones una medida de la afinidad entre sustrato y enzima.  2, record 14, Spanish, - constante%20de%20Michaelis

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chemical reactions may be classified on the basis of the number of molecules that must ultimately react to form the reaction products. Thus, we have monomolecular, bimolecular, and termolecular reactions, in which one, two, or three molecules, respectively, undergo reaction. Chemical reactions are also classified on a kinetic basis, by reaction order and we have zero-order, first-order, second-order, and third-order reactions, depending on how the reaction rate is influenced by the concentration of the reactants under a given set of conditions.  2, record 15, English, - reaction%20order

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Somme des exposants qui, dans l'expression de la vitesse, affectent les concentrations des corps réagissants. Il est donné par l'équation différentielle de Van't Hoff [...] où le premier membre représente la vitesse de réaction et C la concentration. Si n = 1, la réaction est du premier ordre. On connaît des réactions d'ordre zéro.  2, record 15, French, - ordre%20d%27une%20r%C3%A9action

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ordre d'une réaction, et par conséquent son mode de détermination, dépend du paramètre en fonction duquel on l'examine : l'ordre peut être rapporté soit à la concentration, soit au temps. Dans le premier cas (concentration), on calcule la vitesse initiale de la réaction en fonction de différentes valeurs de la concentration initiale de la substance en réaction. Dans le second cas (temps) on mesure la vitesse à différents temps de la réaction.  3, record 15, French, - ordre%20d%27une%20r%C3%A9action

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En raison de contraintes d'ordre technique, les formules figurant dans la source CBT-167 ne peuvent être reproduites.  4, record 15, French, - ordre%20d%27une%20r%C3%A9action

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Interpretation of the observed methane concentration is complicated in that a number of atmospheric chemical reactions involving methane and other constituents, such as carbon monoxide, can lead to increases or decreases in atmospheric methane concentration.... Observations made over the past decade at a number of stations show that the CH₄ concentration is increasing at about 2% per year.  1, record 17, English, - methane%20concentration

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CH4 concentration : The number 4 is subscripted.  2, record 17, English, - methane%20concentration

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certains auteurs pensent que la végétation se serait déjà adaptée à l'accroissement de la teneur en CO₂, ce qui amplifierait les variations saisonnières. Ce fait serait confirmé par l'accroissement de la teneur en méthane dans l'atmosphère (accroissement de 1% par an).  3, record 17, French, - teneur%20en%20m%C3%A9thane

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

teneur en CH4; concentration en CH4 : Le chiffre 4 s'écrit en indice.  2, record 17, French, - teneur%20en%20m%C3%A9thane

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Effort to limit emissions from fossil-fuel combustion alone are incapable of stabilizing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Stabilizing atmospheric carbon dioxide requires coupled measures to balance sources and sinks of the gas, and will only be viable with large-scale investments in increased sustainable productivity on degraded tropical soils, and in long- term research on renewable energy and biomass product development in the developing countries.  1, record 19, English, - stabilize%20level%20of%20carbon%20dioxide

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

stabilize CO2; stabilize atmospheric CO2; stabilize CO2 concentration : The number 2 is subscripted.  2, record 19, English, - stabilize%20level%20of%20carbon%20dioxide

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Conseil conjoint énergie/Environnement présente une stratégie globale [..] : stabiliser les émissions de CO2 au niveau atteint en 1990. [...] Certaines des énergies renouvelables contribueraient à atteindre l'objectif de stabilisation si elles étaient plus largement utilisées.  1, record 19, French, - stabiliser%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20de%20gaz%20carbonique

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La stabilisation des émissions ne se restreint pas à la limitation des émissions; elle comprend d'autres volets comme l'amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique par exemple. L'expression stabiliser les émissions porte à confusion, il s'agit en fait des concentrations résultant des émissions qui sont stabilisées.  2, record 19, French, - stabiliser%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20de%20gaz%20carbonique

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

CO₂ stabilization is primarily a biological problem, not a technological or geophysical one, because the bulk of carbon flows through biotic processes. Increased photosynthesis and carbon storage in vegetation, soils, and sediments is therefore needed along with emissions reductions to stabilize CO₂.  1, record 21, English, - CO2%20stabilization

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CO2 stabilization; CO2 concentration stabilization : The number 2 is subscripted.  2, record 21, English, - CO2%20stabilization

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Conseil conjoint énergie/Environnement présente une stratégie globale [..] : stabiliser les émissions de CO₂ au niveau atteint en 1990. [...] Certaines des énergies renouvelables contribueraient à atteindre l'objectif de stabilisation si elles étaient plus largement utilisées.  2, record 21, French, - stabilisation%20des%20%C3%A9missions%20de%20gaz%20carbonique

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il faut faire une distinction entre la limitation des émissions et la stabilisation des émissions. La première consiste à réduire directement les rejets dans l'atmosphère; la seconde réunit toutes les stratégies utilisables pour maintenir, sans l'augmenter, un certain niveau de concentration de gaz carbonique dans l'atmosphère; parmi ces stratégies, on remarque la limitation des émissions, l'augmentation de l'efficacité énergétique, etc. L'expression «stabilisation des émissions» porte à confusion, il s'agit ici des concentrations qui résultent des émissions.  1, record 21, French, - stabilisation%20des%20%C3%A9missions%20de%20gaz%20carbonique

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Defined by the equation :[delta]=D/k_d=nFDcA/I_i where D is the diffusion coefficient, k_d is the heterogeneous diffusion rate constant, F is the Faraday constant, c is the concentration, A is the geometric area of the electrode, I_i is the limiting current and n is the charge number of the cell reaction.  2, record 23, English, - diffusion%20layer%20thickness

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The word "delta" must be replaced by the corresponding Greek letter.  3, record 23, English, - diffusion%20layer%20thickness

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Définie par l'équation : [delta] = D/k_d = nFDcA/I_i où D est le coefficient de diffusion, k_d est la constante de vitesse de la diffusion hétérogène, F est la constante de Faraday, c est la concentration, A est la surface géométrique de l'électrode, I_i est le courant limite et n est le nombre de charges dans la réaction.  2, record 23, French, - %C3%A9paisseur%20de%20la%20couche%20de%20diffusion

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le mot «delta» doit être remplacé par la lettre grecque correspondante.  3, record 23, French, - %C3%A9paisseur%20de%20la%20couche%20de%20diffusion

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chemicals found on the disclosure list.  2, record 24, English, - disclosure%20list

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[20/1/88. Canada Gazette Part II, Vol. 122, No. 2]. Registration : SOR/88-64.... Hazardous Products Act. Ingredient Disclosure List.... Her Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs, pursuant to subsection 17(1) of the Hazardous Products Act, is pleased hereby to establish an Ingredient Disclosure List, in accordance with the schedule hereto, effective October 31, 1988. [Ex. :] Item : 2.... Column I : Ingredient : Chemical Identity : Abietic acid.... CAS Registry Number 514-10-3... Column II :Concentration(%-weight/weight). 0. 1.  3, record 24, English, - disclosure%20list

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Loi sur les produits dangereux. Liste de divulgation des ingrédients. [...] sur avis conforme du ministre de la Consommation et des Corporations et en vertu du paragraphe 17(1) de la Loi sur les produits dangereux, il plaît à Son Excellence le Gouverneur général en conseil de prendre, à compter du 31 octobre 1988, la Liste de divulgation des ingrédients, ci-après.  2, record 24, French, - liste%20de%20divulgation

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Device enabling a larger surface area to be obtained without making large and unwieldy stacks of flat membrane. One only has to mould the membrane into a tube and then incorporate a number of such membrane tubes into a cartridge; liquid can then be recirculated through the cartridge and sufficient pressure for ultra-filtration obtained by restricting the flow downstream of the cartridge. In some systems the membrane may be moulded round a plastic rod which is grooved to produce a thin channel effect; it has been suggested that this is more efficient in reducing concentration polarization than a hollow membrane tube. The cartridge system has been used in various large-scale units with membrane areas of up to several square feet.  2, record 25, English, - cartridge%20membrane

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Molecular weight cut-off range from 500 to 300,000.  1, record 25, English, - cartridge%20membrane

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On préfère généralement installer un filtre par fermenteur plutôt que de filtrer dans une seule unité tout l'air distribué ensuite sur l'ensemble de l'atelier de fermentation. Ces filtres, ainsi que différents matériels de préfiltration, sont distribués par PALL-FRANCE. [...] D'autres firmes [...] proposent des cartouches à membranes plissées de ce type.  1, record 25, French, - cartouche%20%C3%A0%20membranes

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The complete sequence of tasks that an employee has to perform in order to complete a unit of work, an activity or operation.  2, record 26, English, - work%20cycle

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For work cycles that exceed eight hour shifts or 40 hour work weeks, the concentration equivalent shall be calculated taking into account the number of hours worked per shift, the days worked and the days in the work cycle. For purposes of this calculation, the work cycle shall not be longer than 14 consecutive days worked plus days off.  3, record 26, English, - work%20cycle

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Regular work cycle.  4, record 26, English, - work%20cycle

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour les cycles dont les postes durent plus de huit heures par jour ou plus de 40 heures de travail par semaine, on calcule le niveau de concentration équivalent en tenant compte du nombre d'heures effectué par poste, du nombre de jours de travail et du nombre de jours faisant partie du cycle de travail. Aux fins de calcul, le cycle de travail ne peut dépasser 14 jours consécutifs, jours de travail et jours de repos compris.  2, record 26, French, - cycle%20de%20travail

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chromatography in which the adsorptive force is provided by molecules adhering to the surface of a solid packed in a column, spread as a thin film on a glass or plastic sheet, or as a coating inside a tube; the various components move through the stationary phase at different velocities, according to their degree of attraction to it, and are deposited at specific sites on the adsorbent.  2, record 27, English, - adsorption%20chromatography

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Adsorption chromatography offers a powerful enzyme recovery technique as the relative specificity of interaction of the matrix used enables concentration and partial purification to be effected simultaneously. A number of examples exist where this method has been used very successfully in the initial recovery of extracellular enzymes on a large scale. However, most of those examples involve high cost enzymes, that is those required for research or analytical purposes.  3, record 27, English, - adsorption%20chromatography

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type de chromatographie dont le processus élémentaire est constitué par un cycle d'adsorption-désorption; il se répète en principe de grain en grain à mesure que le fluide mobile progresse le long du solide.  3, record 27, French, - chromatographie%20par%20adsorption

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chromatographie en phase liquide est une méthode physique dans laquelle les composants à séparer sont répartis en deux phases : une «phase stationnaire», constituée d'un lit de matériaux au travers duquel s'infiltre une «phase mobile». On distingue différents modes suivant la nature de la phase stationnaire et le processus de séparation. [...] La chromatographie d'adsorption, la chromatographie de partage, la chromatographie par échange d'ions et [la chromatographie d'affinité].  4, record 27, French, - chromatographie%20par%20adsorption

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A sometimes useful unit of concentration in quantitative analysis is normality(N). A one-normal solution contains one equivalent/liter. An equivalent is a mole multiplied by the number of reacting units for each molecule or atom.  2, record 28, English, - normality

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport de la concentration d'une solution titrée à celle de la solution normale du même corps dissous. (La normalité d'une solution normale est égale à l'unité.)  3, record 28, French, - normalit%C3%A9

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par extension : concentration équivalente.  4, record 28, French, - normalit%C3%A9

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Concentración de una disolución de un cuerpo, que se expresa tomando como unidad la concentración del mismo en la correspondiente disolución normal [...]  4, record 28, Spanish, - normalidad

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... Calcium and Magnesium react with other chemicals in the water. The warm water acts as a catalyst and increases the number of reactions depending on the concentration of calcium and magnesium. The reaction which takes place is the dissociation of calcium hydrocarbonate, formula : Ca(HC0₃) and magnesium hydrocarbonate, formula : Mg(HC0[ susbcript 3]) ₂. Both of these are soluble solids, which means they can dissolve when put in water. When these two soluble salts dissociate, they form carbon dioxide(a gas), which is released from the water, and calcium and magnesium carbonate. These two compounds are not soluble and are therefore taken out of solution. And it is these substances that cause the filmy, fuzzy crud on the glass of your aquarium when the water evaporates.  3, record 29, English, - magnesium%20bis%28hydrogencarbonate%29

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

San Marcos River Basin. The lithology and the water flow conditions are the major factors that determine the chemical composition of the waters and the hydrogeochemical patterns. We can distinguish the following water types: sodium calcium hydrocarbonate for waters from the sedimentary-effusive rocks, magnesium hydrocarbonate for the waters which originate in the ultrabasic massif, and calcium hydrocarbonate for that waters which flow in the karst areas (at the source, caves, exsurgences and springs from the saturation zone).  4, record 29, English, - magnesium%20bis%28hydrogencarbonate%29

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

magnesium hydrocarbonate: traditional name, to be avoided.  1, record 29, English, - magnesium%20bis%28hydrogencarbonate%29

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: Mg(HCO₃)₂  5, record 29, English, - magnesium%20bis%28hydrogencarbonate%29

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(Matériel pour le grimpeur) sac à pof : petit sac dans lequel le grimpeur met du pof (poudre de résine ) ou de la magnésie (hydrocarbonate de magnésium) afin d'absorber la transpiration des mains et d'éviter que celle-ci le fasse glisser.  4, record 29, French, - bis%28hydrog%C3%A9nocarbonate%29%20de%20magn%C3%A9sium

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydrocarbonate de magnésium : nom traditionnel, à éviter.  1, record 29, French, - bis%28hydrog%C3%A9nocarbonate%29%20de%20magn%C3%A9sium

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : Mg(HCO₃)₂  5, record 29, French, - bis%28hydrog%C3%A9nocarbonate%29%20de%20magn%C3%A9sium

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

LIF is a process whereby molecules/atoms are excited to higher electronic energy states via laser absorption and subsequently fluorescence; the intensity of this fluorescence is, in general, a function of the species concentration(number density), and the gas temperature and pressure.  3, record 30, English, - laser%20induced%20fluorescence

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A technique for the detection of transient reaction intermediates.  4, record 30, English, - laser%20induced%20fluorescence

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'absorption naturelle de l'ADN dans l'ultraviolet (UV) facilite sa détection, cependant, la faible sensibilité de ces mesures peut limiter la détection des molécules peu abondantes. Ainsi, pour l'étude d'échantillons peu concentrés on lui préfère la fluorescence induite par laser (FIL) qui est approximativement de cent à cinq cents fois supérieure.  3, record 30, French, - fluorescence%20induite%20par%20laser

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A prospecting assembly used to determine the concentration of radon by measuring the counting rate and/or the number of counts corresponding to the alpha particle emission rate from radon and its daughters in the air sample.  1, record 31, English, - radon%20content%20meter

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The... stevedoring crane... is generally of nonswing-boom construction... The load is usually carried on the traction wheels and the steering is at the rear, so that the transportation of a load does not adversely affect the traction or the steering of the vehicle. The large driving wheels in front are suited to carry the concentration of tractor and working load, thus providing a maximum of tractive effort for traveling, light or loaded. This type of crane is generally of 5-ton capacity and has a boom, hinged on top of the frame, providing the maximum of reach with a minimum of required headroom. The boom is generally of balanced cantilever girder design, power-operated, and can be raised and lowered by power from the driver's seat. It can also be adjusted-without a load on the hook-to any of a number of positions of reach and height of hook, depending on the character of the load and the overhead conditions in the operating area.  1, record 32, English, - stevedoring%20crane

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Étude et analyse des conditions visuelles lors de l'utilisation de différents types de grues pour le débardage des navires au port de Montréal.  1, record 32, French, - grue%20pour%20le%20d%C3%A9bardage

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Serum proteins whose levels increase during infection or inflammatory reactions.  1, record 33, English, - acute%20phase%20protein

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(Non-specific responses of the body to) infection, inflammation... may include... secretion of a number of plasma proteins, principally by the liver. This latter phenomenon is known as the acute phase response, and the proteins whose concentrations are increased in acute phase sera are collectively known as the acute phase proteins.... a few plasma proteins typically decrease in concentration during the acute phase response.  2, record 33, English, - acute%20phase%20protein

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Protéines du sérum dont la concentration augmente pendant une infection ou une réaction inflammatoire.  2, record 33, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20de%20phase%20aigu%C3%AB

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le système immunitaire naturel. Défenses biochimiques : lysozyme des sécrétions muqueuses, complément, protéines de phase aiguë - par ex. interféron et protéine C-reactive (CRP), sécrétions des glandes sébacées, germes commensaux de l'intestin et du vagin, spermine du sperme, acide de l'estomac.  1, record 33, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20de%20phase%20aigu%C3%AB

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a mathematical equation that describes the progress of the reaction.  2, record 34, English, - rate%20law

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A rate law is an algebraic expression giving the flux through a process in terms of the molecular abundances or concentrations of the molecules involved and perhaps including a number of other physical forces. Perhaps the most famous rate law in biology is the Henri-Michaelis-Menten rate law... Ohm's law is a more widely encountered example... Other famous linear rate laws are bulk flow, and diffusion. These and many others can be seen as special cases of the general principle that fluxes are driven by gradients in chemical potential. The simplest rate law of all is the linear, first order rate law kS which embodies the physical-chemical principle of mass action. Here k is the rate constant, and S is the concentration of the molecule that is moved or transformed by this process.  3, record 34, English, - rate%20law

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are two forms of a rate law for chemical kinetics: the differential rate law and the integrated rate law.  2, record 34, English, - rate%20law

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Loi de vitesse. La vitesse d'une réaction chimique dépend généralement de plusieurs variables, dont les plus importantes sont la concentration des différentes espèces chimiques (réactifs et produits) et le temps.  3, record 34, French, - loi%20de%20vitesse

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Loi ou équation de vitesse exprime la variation de la vitesse en fonction des concentrations des réactifs (ainsi que des produits, catalyseurs, etc).  2, record 34, French, - loi%20de%20vitesse

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Lois de vitesse : formes différentielle et intégrale.  4, record 34, French, - loi%20de%20vitesse

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

EC; effect concentration : This [toxicological value] is generally followed by a number, which indicates the percentage of a population which experience the effect.  2, record 35, English, - effect%20concentration

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Typical levels are EC 10, EC 25, EC 50, EC 75, EC 100. NOEC: No observable effect concentration; LOEC: Lowest observable effect concentration.  3, record 35, English, - effect%20concentration

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Developing Hormosira banksii embryos, used as bioassays in toxicity studies, identified ammonium as a toxicant in secondary treated sewage effluent discharged at Boags Rocks, Victoria, Australia. Ammonium did not affect fertilization but had a significant effect on germination at 48 h and cell division at 72 h with most damage occurring in the first 48 h. Ammonium showed a similar effect as whole effluent (when expressed as mg N l^-1 ammonium), sampled in June, September and November 1997, on developing H. banksii embryos. This similarity is further confirmed with comparable EC₅₀ (concentration causing an effect on 50% of the population tested) and LOEC (lowest observable effect concentration) values. Mean EC₅₀ values for the ammonium bioassays were 3.19 mg N l^-1 for germination and 6.14 mg N l^-1 for cell division.  4, record 35, English, - effect%20concentration

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Effect concentration low (ECL), median effect concentration (EC50), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC), no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), threshold effect concentration (TEC).  5, record 35, English, - effect%20concentration

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Concentration entraînant un effet à long terme.  2, record 35, French, - concentration%20effective

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Concentration minimale produisant un effet.  3, record 35, French, - concentration%20effective

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Évaluation du rapport dose (concentration)-réponse (effet). L'objectif est de déterminer la concentration en dessous de laquelle la substance ne devrait pas avoir d'effets indésirables sur la composante de l'environnement considérée. Cette concentration est dénommée concentration prévue sans effet (PNEC). Toutefois, il se peut que dans certains cas il ne soit pas possible d'établir une PNEC et il faut alors effectuer une estimation qualitative de la relation dose (concentration)-réponse (effet). Pour calculer la PNEC, on peut appliquer un facteur d'évaluation aux valeurs provenant des essais effectués sur les organismes, par exemple à la DL50 (dose létale médiane), à la CL50 (concentration létale médiane), à la CE50 (concentration effective médiane), à la CI50 (concentration provoquant cinquante pour cent d'inhibition d'un paramètre donné, par exemple la croissance), au NOEL(C) (dose (concentration) sans effet observé), au LOEL(C) (dose (concentration) entraînant l'effet observé le plus faible) ou d'autres méthodes appropriées.  4, record 35, French, - concentration%20effective

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On the day of each donation, donors for platelet pheresis should have an absolute platelet number concentration("count") of not less than 200x10 exponant 9 L.  1, record 36, English, - absolute%20platelet%20number%20concentration

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le cas de la thrombaphérèse, la numération plaquettaire absolue le jour du don ne doit pas être inférieure à 200x10 exposant 9 L.  1, record 36, French, - num%C3%A9ration%20plaquettaire%20absolue

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Sudbury Igneous Complex is unique in a number of respects, including the exceptional concentration of associated nickel deposits. Perhaps its most unique characteristic is the evidence for an associated shock metamorphic event, which is now widely believed to have been a meteoritic impact.  1, record 37, English, - Sudbury%20Igneous%20Complex

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Complexe igné de Sudbury est unique sous certains aspects, dont l'un des plus importants réside dans la concentration exceptionnelle de gisements de nickel qui lui sont associés. La caractéristique la plus fondamentale de ce complexe igné tient sans doute au fait que sa formation a été associée à un épisode de métamorphisme de choc, que l'on attribue généralement aujourd'hui à l'impact d'une météorite.  1, record 37, French, - Complexe%20ign%C3%A9%20de%20Sudbury

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Concentration scales... Weight percent is the number of parts of weight of solute per hundred parts of solution(total)... Gaseous mixtures, being difficult to weigh, are often expressed as volume percent. Thus, air is said to contain 78% Nitrogen by volume. Solutions of liquids in liquids(say, alcohol in water) may also be expressed in volume percent.  1, record 38, English, - volume%20percent

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pourcentage. C'est une façon commode d'exprimer les concentrations. Le pourcentage en masse est le nombre de parts, en masse, de soluté pour cent parts de solution [...] Les mélanges gazeux, étant difficiles à peser, sont exprimés en pourcentage en volume; ainsi, on dit que l'air contient 78 % d'azote en volume. On exprime de la même façon les solutions de liquides dans des liquides (par exemple de l'alcool dans de l'eau).  5, record 38, French, - pourcentage%20en%20volume

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although several methods can be used to estimate the effects of mass transfer to the immobilized enzyme carrier surface from the bulk liquid, the conditions encountered are not typical of those frequently encountered in other applications. Laminar liquid flow with a low-Reynolds number falling outside the range of many mass transfer correlations is normal for immobilized enzyme systems. The rate of mass transfer from the bulk solution to a surface can be written as... where k_m is the mass transfer coefficient(with units of cm/s), a_m is the surface area per unit volume(cm[ superscript-1]), S_b is the bulk phase substrate concentration, and S_s is the substrate concentration at the surface. Under steady-state conditions, this mass transfer rate must equal the reaction rate at the particle surface or the apparent rate within the particle.  3, record 39, English, - mass%20transfer%20coefficient

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Because of technical constraints, the formula(s) given in CBT-167 could not be reproduced.  4, record 39, English, - mass%20transfer%20coefficient

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Théorie qui ramène le transfert d'oxygène à une diffusion continue entre la bulle et le liquide, à travers un film unique de faible épaisseur, en régime stationnaire. L'application de la loi de FICK à un tel mécanisme de transfert, considéré par ailleurs comme unidirectionnel conduit à la formule suivante : [...] dans laquelle K_L représente le coefficient de transfert de masse (cm/h) et est égal au rapport du coefficient de diffusion de l'oxygène dans l'eau à l'épaisseur du film au travers duquel s'effectue le transfert. C[astérisque] correspond à la concentration en oxygène dissous en équilibre avec le gaz de la bulle. La même théorie s'applique à la diffusion du substrat entre une phase solide pour laquelle est fixée une enzyme immobilisée.  3, record 39, French, - coefficient%20de%20transfert%20de%20masse

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En raison de contraintes d'ordre technique, les formules figurant dans la source CBT-167 ne peuvent être reproduites.  4, record 39, French, - coefficient%20de%20transfert%20de%20masse

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The chemical agents implicated in the ozone depletion phenomena are the halogenated compounds known as "halocarbons." Though stable in the lower atmosphere, scientists believe they become unstable in sunlight in the atmosphere, and react with ozone, forming new compounds, thereby depleting the ozone available for screening.  2, record 40, English, - halogenated%20compound

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Measurements of concentration trends and sensitivity studies by means of radiation models have resolved that the strongest climatic change signals are to be expected from CFCl₃(F 11), FC_{2Cl[ subscript 2}(F 12), CH₄, N₂O and O₃. A number of other halogenated compounds and hydrocarbons altogether probably are less important than any one of the above mentioned constituents and will not be considered specifically in the present context.  3, record 40, English, - halogenated%20compound

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Composé] chimique qui renferme au moins un halogène.  2, record 40, French, - compos%C3%A9%20halog%C3%A9n%C3%A9

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les halogènes sont le fluor, le chlore, le brome, l'iode et l'astate; seuls les quatre premiers sont vraiment considérés dans le processus d'halogénation. Le chlore, parmi tous les halogènes, représente le produit le plus menaçant pour la couche d'ozone stratosphérique.  2, record 40, French, - compos%C3%A9%20halog%C3%A9n%C3%A9

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The mole fraction of hydrocarbon multiplied by 10⁶ measured on a methane-equivalence basis. [Definition officially approved by ICAO.]  1, record 41, English, - part%20per%20million%20carbon

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Thus, 1 ppm of methane is indicated as 1 ppmC. To convert ppm concentration of any hydrocarbon to an equivalent ppmC value, multiply ppm concentration by the number of carbon atoms per molecule of the gas. For example, 1 ppm propane translates as 3 ppmC hydrocarbon; 1 ppm hexane as 6 ppmC hydrocarbon.  1, record 41, English, - part%20per%20million%20carbon

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Engine emissions.  1, record 41, English, - part%20per%20million%20carbon

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 3 OBS

part per million carbon; ppmC: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  2, record 41, English, - part%20per%20million%20carbon

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proportion en moles d'hydrocarbure multipliées par 10⁶, mesurée en équivalent de méthane. [Définition uniformisée par l'OACI.]  1, record 41, French, - partie%20de%20carbone%20par%20million

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ainsi, une ppm de méthane est exprimée par une ppmC. Pour convertir la concentration en ppm d'un hydrocarbure en ppmC équivalente, on multiplie la concentration en ppm par le nombre d'atomes de carbone par molécule du gaz. Par exemple, une ppm de propane devient 3 ppmC; une ppm d'hexane, 6 ppmC.  1, record 41, French, - partie%20de%20carbone%20par%20million

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 OBS

partie de carbone par million; ppmC : terme et abréviation uniformisés par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  2, record 41, French, - partie%20de%20carbone%20par%20million

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

La fracción mol de hidrocarburo multiplicada por 10⁶, medida por referencia al metano. [Definición aceptada oficialmente por la OACI.]  1, record 41, Spanish, - parte%20por%20mill%C3%B3n%20de%20carbono

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Así pues, 1 ppm de metano se indica como 1 ppmC. Para convertir la concentración de una ppm de cualquier hidrocarburo a una ppmC equivalente, multiplíquese la concentración ppm por el número de átomos de carbono por molécula de gas. Por ejemplo, 1 ppm de propano equivale a 3 ppmC de hidrocarburo; 1 ppm de hexano equivale a 6ppmC de hidrocarburo.  1, record 41, Spanish, - parte%20por%20mill%C3%B3n%20de%20carbono

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 OBS

parte por millón de carbono; ppmC: término y abreviatura aceptados oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, record 41, Spanish, - parte%20por%20mill%C3%B3n%20de%20carbono

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A sufficient number of passes(10-15) were made under the plume within relatively short time(approximately 30 minutes) to evaluate the data statistically and to remove the effect of large dynamic variations in the concentration profile with height by determination of the mean value. These data were used to determine the average mass flux during that time and to compute a measure of temporal fluctuations during this time interval by determination of the standard deviation.  1, record 43, English, - temporal%20variation

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la quantité de pluie tombée entre en ligne de compte dans l'évaluation de l'impact des variations temporelles du pH des précipitations. C'est pourquoi on a calculé, au tableau 4.4, les charges en ions hydrogène pour montrer que les charges varient également de façon appréciable au cours de la période d'étude.  1, record 43, French, - variation%20temporelle

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because the hot and cold towers of a stage are in series, the two liquid to gas flow ratios (L/G) are thus directly related and an L/G change in one tower causes an L/G change of the same direction in the other tower. Because the towers can be regarded as absorbers and strippers, and L/G increase favors deuterium enrichment in the hot tower and an L/G decrease favors deuterium enrichment in the cold tower.  1, record 44, English, - deuterium%20enrichment

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 CONT

If a portion of either or both of the enriched gas or liquid are fed to a second pair of cold and hot towers, further enrichment will be achieved. The final deuterium concentration will depend upon the number of cold and hot tower pairs in the process.  1, record 44, English, - deuterium%20enrichment

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La concentration en tant que procédé - Lorsqu'un mélange, solide, liquide ou gazeux, contient plusieurs composants, l'enrichissement du milieu en un de ces composants prend également le nom de concentration. Notion de plateau théorique et de plateau réel - Le rôle du plateau est d'enrichir simultanément la vapeur en produit léger et le liquide en produit lourd; on a donc échange de matière et de chaleur entre mélange et liquide. On a réalisé un plateau théorique lorsque la vapeur se dégageant du plateau de rang «n» est en équilibre avec le liquide qu'elle vient de traverser, on a alors pour le constituant A : YnA = KA x nA.  2, record 44, French, - enrichissement%20en%20deut%C3%A9rium

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On peut préparer le deutérium [...] directement par distillation de l'hydrogène liquide [...] Par ailleurs, l'équilibre [...] ne se réalisant pas spontanément à la température de distillation, le produit, concentré en HD, doit être réchauffé [...] et refroidi avant d'être introduit dans la section finale de concentration.  2, record 44, French, - enrichissement%20en%20deut%C3%A9rium

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The collision frequency factor... is the collision number divided by the Avogadro constant... and divided by the square of the concentration(for A-A collisions) or the product of the concentrations(for A-B collisions).  1, record 46, English, - collision%20frequency%20factor

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le facteur de fréquence de collisions [...] est la fréquence des chocs divisée par le nombre d'Avogadro [...] et divisé par le carré de la concentration (pour des collisions A-A) ou par le produit des concentrations (pour des collisions A-B).  1, record 46, French, - facteur%20de%20fr%C3%A9quence%20de%20collision

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certain substances which meet the [following] criteria : preparation in highly pure state reproducibly, and availability as certified reference material(CRM) ;stability of solution over a reasonable period of time;... low value between 3 and 11, are designated as primary reference standards(PS) in aqueous solution of specified concentration. Their number is reviewed from time to time but for the present is restricted to 7 including the reference value pH standard. The pH(PS) values assigned to these primary standards are derived from measurements on cells without liquid junction over the temperature range 0-95°C.  1, record 47, English, - primary%20pH%20standard

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certaines substances qui répondent [à un ensemble de] critères : préparation reproductible dans un état de grande pureté et disponibilité en tant que produit de référence certifié; stabilité de la solution pendant une période de temps raisonnable; [...] faible valeur de potentiel résiduel de la jonction liquide; [...] valeur de pH entre 3 et 11; sont désignées étalons primaires de référence (RP) lorsqu'elles sont en solution aqueuse de concentrations données. Leur nombre est sujet à des révisions périodiques; il est toutefois limité pour l'instant à 7, y compris la valeur étalon de référence du pH. Les valeurs de pH(RP) attribuées à ces étalons primaires sont comprises entre 0 et 95°C [...]  1, record 47, French, - %C3%A9talon%20primaire%20de%20pH

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cellulose Solution Viscosity. A good indication of cellulose dp can be obtained by measuring the viscosity of a cellulose solution of known concentration. A number of reagents are recognized as being suitable solvents for this purpose, but cupriethylene diamine hydroxide(usually abbreviated CED or cuene) is now used almost universally because it dissolves cellulose rapidly and has good chemical stability.  1, record 48, English, - cellulose%20solution%20viscosity

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Viscosité d'une solution de cellulose qui indique la longueur moyenne des molécules de cellulose, c'est-à-dire le degré de polymérisation.  1, record 48, French, - viscosit%C3%A9%20intrins%C3%A8que%20DPV

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A general class of equipments which permits concentration of a number of 64 kbit/s pulse code modulation(PCM) input trunk channels on a reduced number of transmission channels.  1, record 50, English, - digital%20circuit%20multiplication%20equipment

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish