TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The CSA [Canadian Space Agency] technology, referred to as hybrid spatial-spectral noise reduction(HSSNR), uses a numerical processing approach to increase the SNR [signal-to-noise ratio] of acquired satellite images or sensor data. This processing maintains the signal unharmed, while removing the noise.  1, record 1, English, - hybrid%20spatial%2Dspectral%20noise%20reduction

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La technologie de l'ASC [Agence spatiale canadienne], appelée réduction hybride du bruit spatial-spectral (HSSNR), utilise une méthode de traitement numérique pour augmenter le S/B [rapport signal sur bruit] des images acquises par satellite ou des données captées. Ce traitement conserve l'intégrité du signal tout en supprimant le bruit.  1, record 1, French, - r%C3%A9duction%20hybride%20du%20bruit%20spatial%2Dspectral

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio, expressed as a numerical value or as a percentage, of the simultaneous maximum demand of a group, class, or system(within a specified period), to the sum of the individual maximum demands of the several components of the group, class, or system.  2, record 2, English, - coincidence%20factor

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Diversity factor is the reciprocal of the coincidence factor.  2, record 2, English, - coincidence%20factor

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The speed at which light and other magnetic waves travel through empty space.  3, record 3, English, - speed%20of%20light

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The velocity of light is 2.9979 x 10⁸ m/s.  4, record 3, English, - speed%20of%20light

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The speed of light in a vacuum is an important physical constant denoted by the letter c for "constant" or the Latin word "celeritas" meaning "swiftness". It is the speed of all electromagnetic radiations, including visible light, in a vacuum. More generally, it is the speed of anything having zero rest mass.... In metric units, the speed of light is exactly 299, 792, 458 metres per second(1, 079, 252, 848. 8 km/h). The fundamental SI unit of length, the metre, has been defined since October 21, 1983, as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299, 792, 458 of a second; any increase in the precision of the measurement of the speed of light would refine the definition of the metre, but not alter the numerical value of c. The approximate value of 3x10⁸ m/s is commonly used in rough estimates. In imperial units, the speed of light is about 670, 616, 629. 2 miles per hour or 983, 571, 056 feet per second, which is about 186, 282, 397 miles per second, or roughly one foot per nanosecond. The speed of light when it passes through a transparent or translucent material medium, like glass or air, is slower than its speed in a vacuum. The ratio of c to the observed phase velocity is called the refractive index of the medium.  5, record 3, English, - speed%20of%20light

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vitesse de propagation de la lumière dans le vide.  1, record 3, French, - vitesse%20de%20la%20lumi%C3%A8re

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La vitesse de la lumière est 2.9979 x 10⁸ m/s.  1, record 3, French, - vitesse%20de%20la%20lumi%C3%A8re

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

decrement : The ratio of the amplitudes of an underdamped harmonic motion during two successive oscillations. Also known as damping factor; numerical decrement.  2, record 4, English, - energy%20decrement

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

décrément : Rapport de deux amplitudes maximales successives d'un système oscillatoire amorti.  2, record 4, French, - d%C3%A9cr%C3%A9ment%20d%27%C3%A9nergie

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A simple, single numerical value that expresses climatic relationships ...  2, record 5, English, - climatic%20index

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... for example, the numerical value obtained in Transeau's precipitation-evaporation ratio.  2, record 5, English, - climatic%20index

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nombre destiné à caractériser un climat en fonction des principaux éléments climatiques.  2, record 5, French, - indice%20climatique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] par exemple, chiffre obtenu par le calcul du rapport précipitations-évaporation de Transeau.  3, record 5, French, - indice%20climatique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Dans l'optique d'une classification des climats à l'échelle planétaire, on peut citer : - les indices de Koppen [...] - les indices de Martonne [...] - les indices de Thornthwaite [...]. Pour les applications opérationnelles [...] Sur le plan agricole on peut citer, par exemple : - l'indice héliothermique de Geslin [...] - les sommes des températures (en degrés jours) [...] - l'évapotranspiration potentielle [...] - le bilan potentiel ou déficit théorique [...] On peut citer aussi l'indice d'érosion de Fournier [et] les indices d'aridité [...]  4, record 5, French, - indice%20climatique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Caracterización numérica de un clima en función de los elementos climáticos principales.  2, record 5, Spanish, - %C3%ADndice%20clim%C3%A1tico

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Experiment-based numerical modelling involving partition coefficients and "R factors"(ratio of silicate magma to sulphide melt) has demonstrated that the melt should acquire the approximate Ni, Cu, and PGE contents that are observed in magmatic sulphide deposits...  1, record 6, English, - R%20factor

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... the sulphide mixes with a proportionally large volume of silicate magma (high "R" factor: silicate magma-to-sulphide ratio) ...  1, record 6, English, - R%20factor

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des modélisations numériques fondées sur des études expérimentales faisant appel aux coefficients de répartition et aux «facteurs R» (proportions relatives de magma silicaté et de bain sulfuré), ont démontré que le bain sulfuré pourrait acquérir des concentrations de Ni, de Cu et d'ÉGP à peu près semblables à celles observées dans les gisements de sulfures magmatiques [...]  1, record 6, French, - facteur%20R

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] les sulfures se mélangent avec un volume proportionnellement élevé de magma silicaté (facteur «R» élevé : proportion élevée de magma silicaté par rapport au bain sulfuré) [...]  1, record 6, French, - facteur%20R

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Experiment-based numerical modelling involving partition coefficients and "R factors"(ratio of silicate magma to sulphide melt) has demonstrated that the melt should acquire the approximate Ni, Cu, and PGE contents that are observed in magmatic sulphide deposits...  1, record 7, English, - partition%20coefficient

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des modélisations numériques fondées sur des études expérimentales faisant appel aux coefficients de répartition et aux «facteurs R» (proportions relatives de magma silicaté et de bain sulfuré), ont démontré que le bain sulfuré pourrait acquérir des concentrations de Ni, de Cu et d'ÉGP à peu près semblables à celles observées dans les gisements de sulfures magmatiques [...]  1, record 7, French, - coefficient%20de%20r%C3%A9partition

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Experiment-based numerical modelling involving partition coefficients and "R factors"(ratio of silicate magma to sulphide melt) has demonstrated that the melt should acquire the approximate Ni, Cu, and PGE contents that are observed in magmatic sulphide deposits...  1, record 8, English, - numerical%20modelling

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des modélisations numériques fondées sur des études expérimentales faisant appel aux coefficients de répartition et aux «facteurs R» (proportions relatives de magma silicaté et de bain sulfuré), ont démontré que le bain sulfuré pourrait acquérir des concentrations de Ni, de Cu et d'ÉGP à peu près semblables à celles observées dans les gisements de sulfures magmatiques [...]  1, record 8, French, - mod%C3%A9lisation%20num%C3%A9rique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A ratio that measures the comprehensibility of data, usually expressed as the signal power divided by the noise power, usually expressed in decibels (dB).  2, record 9, English, - signal%2Dto%2Dnoise%20ratio

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The detection problem can be viewed in terms of the concept of the signal-to-noise ratio, i.e. one can claim to have detected a change in climate once the signal (e.g. the increasing temperature) has risen appreciably above the background noise level (e.g. natural variability of temperature).  4, record 9, English, - signal%2Dto%2Dnoise%20ratio

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Signal-to-noise ratio.... For first detection of a CO₂-induced climate change, the model signal is the mean change or anomaly in some climatic variable, usually surface air temperature, attributed by a numerical model to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide. Observed noise is the standard deviation or natural variability computed from observations of that variable and adjusted for sample size, autocorrelation, and time averaging.  5, record 9, English, - signal%2Dto%2Dnoise%20ratio

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Signal-to-noise ratio ... For MODIS, the ratio between (1) typical cloud free scene brightness with solar zenith angle Z=70 deg, and (2) all sensor and processing noise contributions. S/N specifications for various scenes (e.g., land, clouds, oceans, ice) are only applicable in the filter bands associated with those scenes.  3, record 9, English, - signal%2Dto%2Dnoise%20ratio

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

WIND (Wind INfrared Doppler lidar) a pour but de déterminer la vitesse d'aérosol a basse altitude (1 à 10 km) à partir d'un lidar embarqué. [...] La contribution de l'équipe a été de proposer des algorithmes robustes de détection et d'estimation de la fréquence Doppler. Compte tenu du rapport signal à bruit (RSB) «important», supérieur à -5 dB, une modélisation approximative (notch filter) du signal lidar suffit pour obtenir des résultats satisfaisants. [...] La réalisation de l'instrument est à la charge du Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD).  1, record 9, French, - rapport%20signal%20%C3%A0%20bruit

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Théorie de la détection du signal : dans cette théorie, on décrit le «signal» (stimulus à identifier ou souvenir à reconnaître) comme une distribution statistique sur un ensemble de valeurs d'abscisse, et le «bruit» (autres stimulations ou autres souvenirs) de la même façon; ce sont les relations entre ces distributions, et les critères de décision adoptés par le sujet, qui gouvernent la détection.  2, record 9, French, - rapport%20signal%20%C3%A0%20bruit

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Cette théorie qui connaît différentes applications, en radiotélécommunication notamment mais aussi en sismologie, est également utilisée en climatologie; chacune de ces sciences a établi des critères précis afin de l'utiliser à ses propres fins. Le climat subit des variations qui répondent à des cycles connus et que la statistique permet de distinguer; les climatologues croient que ces bruits, les variations naturelles, s'ils sont d'abord identifiés permettront ensuite de laisser voir le véritable signal confirmant que l'effet de serre anthropique est bien en cours.  3, record 9, French, - rapport%20signal%20%C3%A0%20bruit

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

De façon générale, toutes les expressions utilisées en radiotélécommunication, pour désigner la notion spécifique à ce domaine, pourraient aussi s'employer en climatologie : rapport signal/bruit, signal sur bruit, entre signal et bruit, etc.  3, record 9, French, - rapport%20signal%20%C3%A0%20bruit

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is clear from signal-to-noise ratio arguments that detection will be hastened if the noise level can be reduced. This can be achieved using some form of regression analysis with CO₂ variations and other climate forcing factors as predictors.  1, record 10, English, - noise%20level

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Signal-to-noise ratio : A quantitative measure of the statistical detectability of a signal, expressed as a ratio of the magnitude of the signal relative to the variability. For first detection of a CO₂-induced climate change, the model signal is the mean change or anomaly in some climatic variable, usually surface air temperature, attributed by a numerical model to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide. Observed noise is the standard deviation or natural variability computed from observations of that variable and adjusted for sample size, autocorrelation, and time averaging.  2, record 10, English, - noise%20level

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Théorie de la détection du signal : dans cette théorie, on décrit le «signal» (stimulus à identifier ou souvenir à reconnaître) comme une distribution statistique sur un ensemble de valeurs d'abscisse, et le «bruit» (autres stimulations ou autres souvenirs) de la même façon; ce sont les relations entre ces distribution, et les critères de décision adoptés par le sujet, qui gouvernent la détection.  2, record 10, French, - niveau%20de%20bruit

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Numerical ratio of the value of two pressures.  2, record 11, English, - pressure%20ratio

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport de deux pressions.  2, record 11, French, - rapport%20de%20pressions

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Rapport de la pression partielle du constituant à la pression du mélange de gaz.  1, record 11, French, - rapport%20de%20pressions

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tableau : Unités de concentration. [...] Mode d'expression : Rapport de pressions : % (p/p) [pour les fortes concentrations]; ppm (p/p) [pour les faibles concentrations].  1, record 11, French, - rapport%20de%20pressions

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les valeurs des autres expressions de la concentration [autres que les titres massique et molaire], plus couramment utilisées (titre volumique, rapport de pressions) varient avec les conditions de température et de pression du gaz pour étalonnage dans la bouteille.  1, record 11, French, - rapport%20de%20pressions

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A numerical quantity used as an index to characterize the type of flow in a hydraulic structure in which elastic forces, in conjunction with the resisting force of inertia, influence the motion of the liquid. It is the ratio of inertia forces to elastic forces. It is equal to a characteristic velocity of the system, which may be the mean, surface, or maximum velocity, divided by the kinematic elasticity of the liquid; all expressed in consistent units in order that the combinations will be dimensionless. The number is useful in the study of water hammer.  2, record 12, English, - Cauchy%27s%20number

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nombre sans dimensions exprimant le rapport entre les effets de l'inertie et ceux du module d'élasticité isotrope d'un fluide.  1, record 12, French, - nombre%20de%20Cauchy

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For our numerical problem it has been assumed that the equilibrium terms-of-trade ratio is 10/6, little "nearer" to Europe's pretrade ratio than to America's.  1, record 13, English, - pretrade%20ratio

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A sorting index developed by Trask(1932), being a numerical expression of the geometric spread of the central half of the particle-size distribution of a sediment, and defined as the square root of the ratio of the larger quartile,(...)  1, record 14, English, - sorting%20coefficient

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le coefficient de classement est la racine carrée du rapport du quartile de 25% et du quartile de 75%.  1, record 14, French, - coefficient%20de%20classement

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish