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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Influenza A viruses are constantly changing. Pandemic flu can happen when an animal influenza A virus(e. g., bird, pig) changes or mixes with a human flu virus to create a new flu virus strain that can easily infect humans and can be easily spread between humans.  5, record 1, English, - influenza%20virus%20strain

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

virus strain; strain: A sub-group of a virus species having specific genetic characteristics.  6, record 1, English, - influenza%20virus%20strain

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les virus de la grippe A changent constamment. Une grippe pandémique peut survenir lorsqu'un virus de la grippe animale de type A (p. ex., chez un oiseau ou un porc) change ou se mélange à un virus de la grippe humaine pour créer une nouvelle souche de virus grippal qui peut facilement infecter les humains et se propager aisément d'une personne à l'autre.  1, record 1, French, - souche%20de%20virus%20grippal

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

souche de virus; souche : Sous-groupe d'une espèce de virus ayant des caractéristiques génétiques qui lui sont propres.  4, record 1, French, - souche%20de%20virus%20grippal

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An epidemic occurring worldwide or over a very wide area, crossing international borders and usually affecting a large number of people.  2, record 2, English, - pandemic

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 PHR

AIDS pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic, flu pandemic  3, record 2, English, - pandemic

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Épidémie qui s'étend au monde entier ou à une très vaste région géographique, franchissant les frontières internationales et touchant généralement un grand nombre de personnes.  2, record 2, French, - pand%C3%A9mie

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 PHR

pandémie de COVID-19, pandémie de grippe, pandémie de sida  3, record 2, French, - pand%C3%A9mie

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Epidemia] que se extiende a muchos países o que ataca a casi todos los individuos de una localidad o región.  2, record 2, Spanish, - pandemia

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pandemia: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que epidemia y pandemia no pueden utilizarse como sinónimos, se considera que una epidemia se propaga por un país durante un tiempo, mientras que una pandemia se extiende a otros países, tal como señala el Diccionario académico.  3, record 2, Spanish, - pandemia

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The elbow bump [resurfaced as a greeting] when the 2009 [H1N1] flu outbreak... began growing into a worldwide pandemic.  2, record 3, English, - elbow%20bump

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The elbow bump is a way of greeting each other without shaking hands.  1, record 3, English, - elbow%20bump

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le coude-à-coude est une manière de se saluer qui permet d'éviter la poignée de main.  2, record 3, French, - coude%2D%C3%A0%2Dcoude

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There were several serious outbreaks of influenza in the 20th century. The most famous(and the most lethal) was the Spanish Flu pandemic(type A influenza, H1N1 strain), which lasted from 1918 to 1919 and is believed to have killed more people in total than World War I.  2, record 4, English, - H1N1%20strain

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

strain : a group of organisms of the same species, having distinctive characteristics but not usually considered a separate breed or variety.  3, record 4, English, - H1N1%20strain

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Different circulating influenza A viruses are identified by referring to two signature proteins on their surfaces. One is hemagglutinin (HA), which has at least 15 known variants, or subtypes. Another is neurominidase (NA), which has nine subtypes. Exposure to these proteins produces distinctive antibodies in a host, thus the 1918 strain was the first to be named, "H1N1", based on antibodies found in the bloodstream of pandemic survivors.  4, record 4, English, - H1N1%20strain

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les différents virus de la grippe de type A sont identifiés par deux protéines spécifiques présentes à leur surface. L'une d'elles est l'hémagglutinine, HA, dont au moins 15 variants, ou sous-types sont connus, de H1 à H15. L'autre est la neuraminidase, NA, qui comprend neuf sous-types, de N1 à N9. Exposé à ces protéines, le système immunitaire des personnes infectées produit des anticorps spécifiques : la souche de 1918, par exemple, a été nommée H1N1.  2, record 4, French, - souche%20H1N1

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La] denominada "gripe española" y producida por la cepa H1N1, fue la más importante por su tasa de mortalidad. Solo en los Estados Unidos murieron más de 500.000 personas y se estiman más de 50 millones en el resto del mundo. La cepa H1N1 fue reintroducida en 1977 y aún está en circulación.  2, record 4, Spanish, - cepa%20H1N1

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

En el pasado, se han producido pandemias mundiales en 1918 ("influenza española", causada por la cepa (H1N1), 1957 ("influenza asiática", causada por la cepa H2N2) y 1968 ("influenza de Hong Kong", causada por la cepa H3N2).  3, record 4, Spanish, - cepa%20H1N1

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Influenza that caused several waves of pandemic in 1918-1919, resulting in more than 20 million deaths worldwide; it was particularly severe in Spain (hence the name), but now is thought to have originated in the U.S. as a form of swine influenza.  3, record 5, English, - Spanish%20influenza

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Spanish flu pandemic is the catastrophe against which all modern pandemics are measured. Many people died from this very quickly. Some people who felt well in the morning became sick by noon, and were dead by nightfall. Those who did not succumb to the disease within the first few days often died of complications from the flu(such as pneumonia) caused by bacteria. One of the most unusual aspects of the Spanish flu was its ability to kill young adults.  2, record 5, English, - Spanish%20influenza

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La plus meurtrière évocation de la grippe demeure la tristement célèbre pandémie de 1918-19 ou «Grippe espagnole», qui a touché le quart de la population mondiale de l'époque (500 millions de personnes) et décimée environ 40 millions de personnes.  2, record 5, French, - grippe%20espagnole

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enfermedad infecciosa viral, que mató entre 25 y 40 millones de personas en todo el mundo entre 1918 y 1919.  2, record 5, Spanish, - influenza%20espa%C3%B1ola

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Se cree que ha sido la más letal pandemia en la historia de la humanidad, con mortalidad mayor que la Peste Negra y el SIDA.  2, record 5, Spanish, - influenza%20espa%C3%B1ola

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La influenza española recibió ese nombre porque España sufrío un brote temprano y agudo, pero no se originó allí. Su verdadero origen permanece incierto. La primera cepa fue lo bastante leve para que la mayoría de las fuerzas militares de la Primera Guerra Mundial la descartaran, considerándola una molestia pasajera. En cambio, cuando la segunda cepa atacó a Norteamérica en el verano de 1918, el virus causó una ola de muertes.  1, record 5, Spanish, - influenza%20espa%C3%B1ola

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Knowing which vaccine to stockpile before the outbreak of a pandemic is a major problem, because you don’t know which virus will cause the pandemic. It takes months to make enough vaccine for all potential victims, and flu vaccines only last about 12 months in storage.... There are also some technical problems with making a H5N1 vaccine. H5N1 kills chickens, so the usual way of making a vaccine that relies on chicken eggs doesn’t work very well. An alternative genetically engineered virus may need to be used to produce enough vaccine in a short period of time.  1, record 6, English, - genetically%20engineered%20virus

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

vecteur viral - virus modifié par génie génétique pour servir à introduire divers gènes dans les cellules.  2, record 6, French, - virus%20modifi%C3%A9%20par%20g%C3%A9nie%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Virus manipulado mediante técnicas de genética molecular con el propósito de introducir, modificar o eliminar genes específicos a fin de que exhiba nuevos caracteres.  4, record 6, Spanish, - virus%20modificado%20gen%C3%A9ticamente

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La vacuna contra la viruela, a diferencia de otras, no contiene el virus viruela, sino un virus modificado por ingeniería genética, llamado vaccinia. Este virus, por haber sido desarrollado en laboratorio, no existe en la naturaleza.  3, record 6, Spanish, - virus%20modificado%20gen%C3%A9ticamente

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

El grupo de investigadores ha modificado por ingeniería genética un virus para que sólo sea capaz de infectar y reproducirse en células cancerosas y no así las sanas. El virus infecta y elimina selectivamente las células indeseables [...] el 60% de aquellos a los que se les administró el virus modificado genéticamente lograron curarse.  1, record 6, Spanish, - virus%20modificado%20gen%C3%A9ticamente

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Epidemiologists speak about the phases of a worldwide illness such as Bird Flu. In the interpandemic phase, there is phase 1, and phase 2 where no subtypes of the flu move from animals to people. Then there is the pandemic alert phase that includes phases 3, 4, and 5 in which some Bird Flu moves from the winged creatures to the human earthwalkers and then from person to person.  1, record 7, English, - alert%20phase

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le dispositif national de lutte contre une pandémie grippale reprend les différentes phases et niveaux d'alerte définis par l'OMS [Organisation mondiale de la santé] dans son plan de lutte contre une pandémie grippale [...] Le dispositif national distingue ainsi 2 phases d'alerte principales [...]  1, record 7, French, - phase%20d%27alerte

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish