TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Applied Science and Patent Examination Group comprises positions that are primarily involved in the application of comprehensive scientific and professional knowledge to one of the applied science programs involving the following : actuarial science, agriculture, biology, chemistry, forestry, meteorology, physical sciences, which include physics, planetary and earth sciences, scientific regulation and patents.  1, record 1, English, - Applied%20Science%20and%20Patent%20Examination%20Group

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

SP: Government of Canada occupational group code.  2, record 1, English, - Applied%20Science%20and%20Patent%20Examination%20Group

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le groupe Sciences appliquées et examen des brevets comprend les postes qui sont principalement liés à l'application de connaissances scientifiques et professionnelles approfondies à l'une des sciences appliquées, y compris ce qui suit : actuariat, agriculture, biologie, chimie, foresterie, météorologie, sciences physiques, qui comprennent la physique et les sciences des planètes et de la terre, réglementation scientifique et brevets.  1, record 1, French, - groupe%20Sciences%20appliqu%C3%A9es%20et%20examen%20des%20brevets

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

SP : code de groupe professionnel du gouvernement du Canada.  2, record 1, French, - groupe%20Sciences%20appliqu%C3%A9es%20et%20examen%20des%20brevets

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Coauthors are persons whose joint creative effort has resulted in a work being produced.  2, record 2, English, - joint%20creative%20work

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

If an invention, utility model, or industrial design is the result of joint creative work of two or more parties, they file patent application together on [the] basis of mutual agreement even in the case, when the creative share of them in the invention is different.  3, record 2, English, - joint%20creative%20work

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsqu'une œuvre est le fruit du travail créateur commun de plusieurs personnes, ces personnes ont la qualité de coauteur.  1, record 2, French, - travail%20cr%C3%A9ateur%20commun

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le droit d'auteur sur une œuvre de collaboration appartient à tous les coauteurs indépendamment du fait que l'œuvre constitue un tout unique indissociable ou soit constituée de parties dont chacune possède une signification propre.  1, record 2, French, - travail%20cr%C3%A9ateur%20commun

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a licence from the proprietor of or applicant for a patent conferring on a licensee, or on him and persons authorised by him, to the exclusion of all other persons(including the proprietor or applicant), any right in respect of the invention to which the patent or application relates...  3, record 3, English, - exclusive%20licence

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A sole licence is one by which the proprietor of the patent agrees to grant no other licence for the technical field concerned within the licensed district during the currency of the licence, and if the proprietor also agrees that he will not himself exercise the invention in that technical field either generally or within the particular district, the licence is termed an "exclusive licence".  3, record 3, English, - exclusive%20licence

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Autorisation donnée à un tiers d'utiliser en exclusivité une œuvre de l'esprit.  2, record 3, French, - licence%20exclusive

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le cas de la licence exclusive, le breveté se trouve à renoncer au droit de conférer d'autres licences à des tiers et, par conséquent d'exploiter lui-même l'invention. Normalement une telle licence est conclue lorsque le licencié est chargé par une clause du contrat de développer l'invention du breveté en investissant d'importantes sommes d'argent pour sa réalisation et sa commercialisation.  3, record 3, French, - licence%20exclusive

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Registered patent agents possess the necessary knowledge and expertise to prepare and handle a patent application properly.  3, record 4, English, - registered%20patent%20agent

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

registered patent agent: in the National Occupational Classification (NOC), an official occupational title in Group 4161 - Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers.  4, record 4, English, - registered%20patent%20agent

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les agents de brevets inscrits possèdent des connaissances et de l'expertise nécessaires pour préparer et gérer, comme il se doit, une demande de brevet.  6, record 4, French, - agent%20de%20brevets%20inscrit

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

agent enregistré de brevets; agente enregistrée de brevets : dans la Classification nationale des professions (CNP), titres de profession officiels dans le Groupe 4161 - Recherchistes, experts-conseils/expertes-conseils et agents/agentes de programmes, en sciences naturelles et appliquées.  2, record 4, French, - agent%20de%20brevets%20inscrit

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A patent system in which the first inventor to file a patent application for a specific invention is entitled to the patent.  2, record 5, English, - first%20to%20file

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système en vertu duquel le brevet est délivré au premier inventeur à avoir déposé une demande de brevet.  3, record 5, French, - premier%20d%C3%A9posant

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si le système du brevet aux États-Unis repose sur le droit du premier inventeur (first to invent), il se fonde en France et en Europe sur celui du premier déposant (first to file).  4, record 5, French, - premier%20d%C3%A9posant

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Principio del primer solicitante.  1, record 5, Spanish, - primer%20solicitante

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a small entity declaration... shall be filed with the Commissioner by the authorized correspondent, in the case of an application, or by the patentee, in the case of a patent...  1, record 6, English, - authorized%20correspondent

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la déclaration du statut de petite entité [...] est déposée auprès du commissaire, dans le cas d’une demande, par le correspondant autorisé ou, dans le cas d’un brevet, par le breveté [...]  1, record 6, French, - correspondant%20autoris%C3%A9

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

No country can require national phase entry before 30 months from priority.  1, record 7, English, - national%20phase%20entry

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

If the applicant entering the national phase is different from the applicant who filed the original international application, evidence that the applicant requesting national entry is the legal representative of the originally identified applicant must be provided(subsection 58(5) of the Patent Rules), if not already on file.  2, record 7, English, - national%20phase%20entry

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si le demandeur entrant dans la phase nationale n'est pas le demandeur désigné initialement dans la demande de brevet internationale, une preuve que le demandeur demandant l'entrée en phase nationale est le représentant légal du demandeur désigné initialement est exigée (paragraphe 58(5) des Règles sur les brevets), si ces documents ne sont pas déjà au Bureau des brevets.  1, record 7, French, - entr%C3%A9e%20en%20phase%20nationale

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term "art, "for the purposes of the Patent Act, pertains to the application of knowledge to effect a desired result. To be statutory, an "art" must belong to a field of technology and, consequently, be what the courts have termed a "useful art" and a "manual or productive art. "  1, record 8, English, - art

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour l’application de la Loi sur les brevets, le terme «réalisation» concerne l’application d’une connaissance en vue d’obtenir un résultat recherché. Pour être prévue par la Loi, une «réalisation» doit appartenir à un domaine de la technologie et, par conséquent, être ce que les tribunaux ont appelé une «réalisation utile» et un «domaine des réalisations manuelles ou de production».  1, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9alisation

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under the current Patent Act, applications are not examined automatically. Rather, Canada operates on a system of deferred examination, wherein an application is only examined upon request.  1, record 9, English, - deferred%20examination%20system

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Selon la Loi sur les brevets actuelle, les demandes ne sont pas examinées automatiquement. Le Canada s’est doté d’un régime d’examen différé, où la demande n’est examinée que sur requête.  1, record 9, French, - r%C3%A9gime%20d%27examen%20diff%C3%A9r%C3%A9

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A patent application shall relate to one invention or to a group of inventions so linked as to form a single general inventive concept.  2, record 10, English, - unity%20of%20invention

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L’unité de l'invention est considérée comme étant «essentiellement une question de procédure», car elle ne soulève pas en soi de questions relatives à la validité.  3, record 10, French, - unit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27invention

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... includes any relevant knowledge, acts, descriptions and patents which pertain to, but predate, invention in question... anything in tangible form that may properly be relied on by patent office in patent cases in support of rejection on matter of substance, not form, of claim in pending application for patent.  2, record 11, English, - prior%20art

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although novelty is assessed on the basis of a single item of prior art, it is permitted to read into prior art things that can be considered to be implicit therein, but references may not be combined to find a lack of novelty.  3, record 11, English, - prior%20art

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bien qu'on se base sur une seule antériorité pour évaluer la nouveauté d'un objet, il est possible de déduire de l'antériorité des éléments qui peuvent être considérés comme implicites, toutefois on ne peut combiner les documents pour démontrer le manque de nouveauté.  1, record 11, French, - ant%C3%A9riorit%C3%A9

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Toutefois, en pratique, l'art antérieur sur lequel on s'appuie généralement ne comprend que les documents de brevets publiés, les articles de revues, les manuels et les autres publications semblables (c-à-d. des antériorités).  2, record 11, French, - ant%C3%A9riorit%C3%A9

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the applicant entering the national phase is different from the applicant who filed the original international application, evidence that the applicant requesting national entry is the legal representative of the originally identified applicant must be provided(subsection 58(5) of the Patent Rules), if not already on file.  1, record 12, English, - national%20phase

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si le demandeur entrant dans la phase nationale n'est pas le demandeur désigné initialement dans la demande de brevet internationale, une preuve que le demandeur demandant l'entrée en phase nationale est le représentant légal du demandeur désigné initialement est exigée (paragraphe 58(5) des Règles sur les brevets), si ces documents ne sont pas déjà au Bureau des brevets.  1, record 12, French, - phase%20nationale

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Patent Office maintains a register listing the names and addresses of all the owners of each application or patent. The ownership register may be consulted in the Public Search Room.  1, record 13, English, - ownership%20register

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Bureau des brevets maintien un registre des noms et des adresses de tous les propriétaires de chaque demande de brevet ou brevet. Le registre de propriété peut être consulté dans la Salle de recherche publique.  1, record 13, French, - registre%20de%20propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The document must identify the application or patent, either by the application or patent number, by priority information or any other suitable way that will allow the Patent Office to positively identify the correct document...  1, record 14, English, - priority%20information

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'acte doit identifier la demande ou le brevet, soit par le numéro de la demande ou du brevet, soit par les renseignements de priorité, ou par toute autre façon convenable qui permet au Bureau des brevets de correctement identifier le document [...]  1, record 14, French, - renseignements%20de%20priorit%C3%A9

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The reinstatement procedures set forth in subsection 16(4) of the Patent Cooperation Treaty Regulations as they read immediately before October 1, 1996 apply to an international application that was, before that date, deemed to be abandoned pursuant to subsection 16(3) of these Regulations.  1, record 15, English, - reinstatement%20procedure

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les procédures de rétablissement prévues au paragraphe 16(4) du Règlement d'exécution du Traité de coopération en matière de brevets dans sa version antérieure au 1 octobre 1996 s'applique à une demande internationale qui, avant cette date, est réputée abandonnée en vertu du paragraphe 16(3) de ce Règlement.  1, record 15, French, - proc%C3%A9dure%20de%20r%C3%A9tablissement

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a small entity declaration is filed in respect of the patent, or the application on which the patent is based...  2, record 16, English, - small%20entity%20declaration

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la déclaration du statut de petite entité est déposée [...] à l’égard du brevet ou de la demande sur laquelle repose le brevet [...]  1, record 16, French, - d%C3%A9claration%20du%20statut%20de%20petite%20entit%C3%A9

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Patent Prosecution Highway(PPH) allows you to significantly fast-track examination of your patent application provided you have a corresponding application with one of our PPH partners.  1, record 17, English, - fast%2Dtrack%20examination

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tout demandeur qui souhaite tirer avantage du processus d'examen accéléré doit faire ce qui suit : demander par écrit l'examen accéléré auprès du Bureau des brevets [...]  2, record 17, French, - processus%20d%27examen%20acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9r%C3%A9

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... all entries in any way concerning the application that may appear in any ordinary register maintained in the Patent Office are wholly obliterated...  1, record 18, English, - ordinary%20register

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] toutes les inscriptions se rapportant de quelque façon que ce soit à cette demande dans les registres ordinaires conservés au Bureau des brevets sont supprimées [...]  1, record 18, French, - registre%20ordinaire

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Maintenance fees do not have to be paid on an application for reissue of a patent.  2, record 19, English, - application%20for%20reissue%20of%20a%20patent

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les taxes périodiques ne sont pas applicables à une demande de redélivrance d'un brevet.  2, record 19, French, - demande%20de%20red%C3%A9livrance%20d%27un%20brevet

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The following new service standard will apply to all applications advanced for examination : until a patent application is approved for allowance, a response will be provided to the applicant within two months from the date a correspondence is received at CIPO [Canadian Intellectual Property Office].  1, record 20, English, - approved%20for%20allowance

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La nouvelle norme de service suivante s'appliquera à toutes les demandes dont la date d'examen a été devancée : en attendant qu'une demande de brevet soit approuvée aux fins d'acceptation, une réponse sera fournie au demandeur dans les deux mois suivant la date de réception d'une pièce de correspondance à l'OPIC [Office de la propriété intellectuelle du Canada].  1, record 20, French, - approuv%C3%A9%20aux%20fins%20d%27acceptation

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A PCT application is a patent application that is filed according to the provisions of the Patent Cooperation Treaty, a convention between countries that consolidates the initial filing procedures of an application to be filed in more than one country into the filing of a single "international" patent application.  1, record 21, English, - PCT%20application

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une demande PCT internationale est déposée et entre dans la phase nationale à l'OEA [office ayant effectué l'examen antérieur].  1, record 21, French, - demande%20PCT

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Patent applications that are pending in the patent office at the same time are considered to be co-pending.  3, record 22, English, - co%2Dpending%20application

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The subject-matter defined by a claim in an application for a patent in Canada(the “pending application”) must not have been disclosed... in an application(the “co-pending application”) for a patent that is filed in Canada by a person other than the applicant and has a filing date that is on or after the claim date...  4, record 22, English, - co%2Dpending%20application

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une demande en coinstance mise à la disponibilité du public par un demandeur différent qui décrit la même invention et dont la date d'au moins une revendication est antérieure à la demande en question sera invoquée comme document qui conteste la nouveauté de cette dernière demande [...]  1, record 22, French, - demande%20en%20coinstance

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... an applicant has agreed in writing to assign a patent, when granted, to another person or to a joint applicant and refuses to proceed with the application...  1, record 23, English, - joint%20applicant

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] un demandeur a consenti par écrit à céder un brevet, une fois concédé, à une autre personne ou à un codemandeur, et refuse de poursuivre la demande [...]  1, record 23, French, - codemandeur

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where any agreement for an assignment to the Minister of National Defence under this Act has been made, the Minister of National Defence may submit an application for patent for the invention to the Commissioner...  1, record 24, English, - agreement

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsqu’une convention a été conclue pour une telle cession, le ministre de la Défense nationale peut présenter au commissaire une demande de brevet pour l’invention [...]  1, record 24, French, - convention

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In patent law, material which the applicant attempts to add to his application after it has been in the patent office.  2, record 25, English, - new%20matter

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Après examen de la demande, qui a abouti à sa décision, l'examinateur a rejeté la demande pour cause d'addition de nouvelle matière contrairement à l'article 52 du Règlement sur les brevets et de divulgation insuffisante à l'appui des revendications.  2, record 25, French, - nouvelle%20mati%C3%A8re

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A protest or a filing of prior art is only considered by the patent examiner after examination of the application has been requested.  1, record 26, English, - filing%20of%20prior%20art

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'examinateur étudiera une protestation ou un dépôt d'un dossier d'antériorité seulement après le dépôt d'une requête d'examen.  1, record 26, French, - d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t%20d%27un%20dossier%20d%27ant%C3%A9riorit%C3%A9

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An application for a patent in Canada shall be deemed to be abandoned if the applicant does not... reply in good faith to any requisition made by an examiner in connection with an examination...  1, record 27, English, - abandonment

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La demande de brevet est considérée comme abandonnée si le demandeur omet [...] de répondre de bonne foi, dans le cadre d’un examen, à toute demande de l’examinateur [...]  1, record 27, French, - abandon

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A certificate of protection can be issued by the employer if a member has a compulsory and material reduction in contractual pensionable pay: (i) because the employer has compulsorily changed the member’s employment to employment at a lower grade or with less responsibility ...  3, record 28, English, - certificate%20of%20protection

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The holder of a protection certificate shall enjoy the right of priority for the filing of a patent application within the year following the date of grant of the certificate.  2, record 28, English, - certificate%20of%20protection

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La protection prendra effet dès que votre courtier vous aura remis votre certificat de protection. Ce certificat sera émis au moment où toutes les conditions de la promesse d'achat auront été réalisées, sauf la signature de l'acte de vente.  2, record 28, French, - certificat%20de%20protection

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le titulaire d'un certificat de protection jouit du droit de priorité pour déposer la demande de brevet dans l'année suivant la date de délivrance du certificat.  3, record 28, French, - certificat%20de%20protection

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

1. a. c. to terminate(e. g. of a right) 2. of application, registration 3. of patent, trademark.  1, record 29, English, - terminate

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

1. s'éteindre; 2. devenir caduque; 3. tomber en déchéance.  1, record 29, French, - %C3%A9teindre

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The utility certificate can nevertheless be interesting to protect inventions with short lifespan whose protection does not have to be wide abroad. To be used without surprise, it requires however a good knowledge of the state of the art.  3, record 30, English, - utility%20certificate

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The applicant may indicate that the international application is for the grant, as far as any designated or elected State is concerned, of an inventor's certificate, a utility certificate, a utility model, a patent or certificate of addition, an inventor's certificate of addition, or a utility certificate of addition, depending on the respective national law instead of a patent.  4, record 30, English, - utility%20certificate

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Droit protégeant le titulaire d'une invention et lui assurant une exclusivité d'exploitation pendant six mois.  2, record 30, French, - certificat%20d%27utilit%C3%A9

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le déposant peut indiquer que sa demande internationale tend à la délivrance, dans tout État désigné ou élu, d'un certificat d'auteur d'invention, d'un certificat d'utilité, d'un modèle d'utilité, d'un brevet ou certificat d'addition, d'un certificat d'auteur d'invention additionnel, ou d'un certificat d'utilité additionnel en lieu et place d'un brevet, selon la législation nationale respective.  3, record 30, French, - certificat%20d%27utilit%C3%A9

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The tangible manifestation of an invention.  2, record 31, English, - embodiment

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Embodiment : a specific, disclosed example of how an inventive concept, that is more generally stated elsewhere in the disclosure of a patent application or patent, can be put into practice.  3, record 31, English, - embodiment

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Embodiments are less common in software or process patents than in manufacturing-related patents.  2, record 31, English, - embodiment

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

La réalisation concrète et fonctionnelle d'une invention.  2, record 31, French, - r%C3%A9alisation

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En matière de brevet d'invention, on a remarqué que le terme « embodiment » peut se traduire, selon le contexte, par : réalisation, interaction, mode de réalisation et incorporation.  2, record 31, French, - r%C3%A9alisation

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Whosoever applies for letters patent for public land and finds that he is unable to produce a deed of transfer with the formalities required for registration, may furnish such proof as the Minister may deem requisite in support of his application...  2, record 32, English, - produce%20a%20deed%20of%20transfer

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quiconque, demandant des lettres patentes pour une terre publique, se trouve incapable de produire un acte de transport revêtu des formalités requises pour l'enregistrement, peut fournir la preuve que le ministre juge convenable à l'appui de sa demande [...]  2, record 32, French, - produire%20un%20acte%20de%20transport

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A patent application document contains bibliographic front page information, an abstract(summary), specifications and claims as originally filed, and drawings.  1, record 33, English, - patent%20application%20document

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The response to an examiner's requisition is not an attempt in good faith to advance the application to allowance and is therefore contrary to paragraph 73(1)(a) of the Patent Act.  1, record 34, English, - advance%20the%20application%20to%20allowance

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La réponse à une demande de l'examinateur ne constitue pas une tentative de bonne foi vers l'acceptation de la demande, et de ce fait est contraire à l'alinéa 73(1)a) de la Loi sur les brevets.  2, record 34, French, - faire%20accepter%20la%20demande%20de%20taxe

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Dans ce contexte, il s'agit de modification d'une demande de brevet. Les demandeurs peuvent apporter des modifications à leurs demandes de leur propre gré ou en réponse à une demande de l'examinateur.  1, record 34, French, - faire%20accepter%20la%20demande%20de%20taxe

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Earliest effective date of an application for patent or a claim.  3, record 35, English, - priority%20date

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A priority date is the filing date of an earlier application that you use as the effective filing date of subject matter in a later application.  2, record 35, English, - priority%20date

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Date d'effet la plus ancienne d'une demande de brevet ou, dans certains pays, d'une revendication.  3, record 35, French, - date%20d%27ant%C3%A9riorit%C3%A9

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La date de priorité est la date de dépôt d'une demande antérieure que vous utilisez comme date de dépôt du domaine dans une demande ultérieure.  4, record 35, French, - date%20d%27ant%C3%A9riorit%C3%A9

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If it is designated in the PCT application for a national patent, then the time limit for national phase entry under Chapter I in that State will be the time limit under Article 22(1)(20 months).  1, record 36, English, - application%20for%20a%20national%20patent

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une demande de brevet national ou un brevet national d'un État contractant est traité du point de vue des droits antérieurs, par rapport à un brevet européen qui désigne cet État contractant, de la même manière que si ce brevet européen était un brevet national.  2, record 36, French, - demande%20de%20brevet%20national

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A [...] patent [that] provides the patent owner [...] the right to exclude others from asexually reproducing the plant or selling or using the plant.  4, record 37, English, - plant%20patent

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The application for a plant variety patent must refer to a single variety and must contains, as minimum conditions, the data regarding the applicant(s), the proposed denomination of the variety(hybrid), the botanical taxon, the latin and vulgar denomination...  2, record 37, English, - plant%20patent

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les États-Unis sont peut-être le seul grand pays dont la législation sur les brevets comporte des dispositions particulières relatives aux variétés végétales à reproduction asexuée. La Plant Patent Act de 1930 permet en effet la délivrance de brevets pour des variétés à reproduction asexuée (sauf les variétés à reproduction par tubercule), à condition que celles-ci soient originales («distinctes»), nouvelles et non évidentes, et accompagnées d'une description aussi raisonnablement complète que possible. La protection conférée par le brevet d'obtention végétale s'applique non seulement aux inventions mais encore aux découvertes.  1, record 37, French, - brevet%20d%27obtention%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tale

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An applicant for letters patent to incorporate a company or a director named in the application for letters patent, but such an applicant or director is a promoter only for the period of two years following the application.  1, record 38, English, - promoter

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Auteur de la demande de constitution d'une société par lettres patentes ou de l'administrateur nommé dans la demande, lesquels n'ont la qualité de promoteur que pendant les deux ans qui suivent celle-ci.  1, record 38, French, - promoteur

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A Patent applicant’s responsibility to disclose to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office all known information relevant to the invention’s patentability, esp. prior art, novelty, and embodiment.  2, record 39, English, - duty%20of%20candour%20and%20good%20faith

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The trial judge found that the affidavit of the bank’s officer, Mr. McTavish, submitted in support of the receivership motion, failed to meet the duty of candour and utmost good faith required for ex parte orders.  1, record 39, English, - duty%20of%20candour%20and%20good%20faith

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If an applicant fails to be candid in disclosing all relevant information, the PTO may reject the application. If the patent issues and undisclosed but relevant information is discovered later, the patent may be invalidated, and the applicant charged with fraud on the PTO, even if the undisclosed information might not have barred the patent's issuance.  2, record 39, English, - duty%20of%20candour%20and%20good%20faith

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe bien une obligation de franchise et de bonne foi lors de la poursuite des demandes de brevet auprès du Bureau américain des brevets, mais une obligation semblable n'existe pas au Canada.  2, record 39, French, - obligation%20de%20franchise%20et%20de%20bonne%20foi

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le juge de première instance a estimé que l'affidavit de l'agent de la banque, M. McTavish, présenté à l'appui de la requête de mise sous séquestre, manquait à l'obligation de franchise et de bonne foi la plus absolue qui pèse sur toute partie sollicitant une ordonnance ex parte.  3, record 39, French, - obligation%20de%20franchise%20et%20de%20bonne%20foi

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is doubtful whether the Commissioner of Patents has jurisdiction to consider and act upon an application for a surrender of letters patent and reissue when there is only the bare statement that the patentee wishes to surrender his patent and obtain a reissue.  2, record 40, English, - surrender%20of%20letters%20patent

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le conseil d'administration doit alors procéder à la dissolution de la corporation, à l'abandon des lettres patentes, et à la liquidation des biens de la fondation dans le respect de la loi et des engagements pris par la fondation.  2, record 40, French, - abandon%20de%20lettres%20patentes

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A polygonal, metal-removing cutting insert has an at least one-sided top face which forms the first face and continuous side faces which form the flanks. The first face has a central chip breaker raised in relation to a plane defined by the cutting edges or in relation to a chip breaking flute adjacent to the cutting edge and having if required individual projections located therein. The chip breaker ends as at least one wedge-shaped longitudinal rib arranged in the chip removal area, as disclosed in the patent application. In particular to allow good chip breakage and to prevent long chips, trough-shaped recesses and/or raised chip shaping means are arranged between and/or besides the longitudinal ribs.  3, record 41, English, - cutting%20insert

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A deburring tool having an indexable cutting insert having four cutting edges. The cutting insert has a main body portion and a guide groove. The cutting insert is slidably retained in an insert pocket with the main body portion of the insert located in a generally rectangular slot of the insert pocket and with the guide groove located and engaging a guide member portion of the insert pocket.  4, record 41, English, - cutting%20insert

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Ceramic cutting tool technology is advancing rapidly and new ceramic composite cutting tools are developed by improving their mechanical properties. In the present work, a new alumina ceramic composite cutting tool is developed by adding ceria to the alumina matrix. The alumina-ceria ceramic composite cutting tool insert shows improvement in the mechanical properties such as hardness and fracture toughness than the pure alumina ceramic cutting tool insert.  2, record 41, English, - cutting%20insert

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une plaquette de coupe polygonale est destinée à l'usinage par enlèvement de copeaux. Sa face supérieure à au moins un côté forme la face de coupe et ses faces latérales périphériques forment les faces de dépouille. La face de coupe comprend un brise-copeaux central en saillie par rapport au plan défini par les bords tranchants ou par rapport à une rainure brise-copeaux adjacente aux bords tranchants et dans laquelle sont situées le cas échéant des protubérances individuelles. Le brise-copeaux se termine sous forme d'au moins une nervure longitudinale en coin située dans la zone d'écoulement des copeaux [...]. Afin d'assurer notamment une bonne rupture des copeaux et d'éviter la formation de copeaux continus, des dépressions en auge et/ou des éléments saillants de façonnage de copeaux sont situés entre les nervures longitudinales et/ou à côté de celles-ci.  3, record 41, French, - plaquette%20de%20coupe

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'invention concerne un ébarboir qui comprend un insert de coupe indexable possédant quatre bords coupants. Ledit insert de coupe comprend une partie corps principal et une rainure de guidage. Ledit insert de coupe est retenu coulissant dans une poche, la partie corps principal de l'insert étant positionnée en général dans une encoche généralement rectangulaire de la poche, et la rainure de guidage étant en contact avec une partie élément de guidage de la poche.  4, record 41, French, - plaquette%20de%20coupe

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Canadian Intellectual Property Office(CIPO). An official, written communication from the Patent Office on the merits of a patent application.  1, record 42, English, - Patent%20Office%20Action

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Office de la propriété intellectuelle du Canada (OPIC). Évaluation officielle de la valeur d'une demande, que le Bureau des brevets transmet par écrit à l'inventeur.  1, record 42, French, - Rapport%20du%20Bureau%20des%20brevets

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accompanying an application for letters patent of incorporation.  2, record 43, English, - petition

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Priority claim based on a domestic application. ... An application should be filed within one year after filing the prior domestic application (it contains PCT application).  3, record 44, English, - national%20application

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... references to a "national application" shall be construed as references to applications for national patents and regional patents, other than applications filed under this Treaty [Patent Cooperation Treaty].  4, record 44, English, - national%20application

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] toute demande déposée directement auprès d'un pays et ne servant qu'à obtenir une protection dans ce seul pays.  2, record 44, French, - demande%20nationale

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Demande nationale [...] s'entend comme une référence aux demandes de brevets nationaux et de brevets régionaux, autres que coopération en matière de brevets (PCT).  3, record 44, French, - demande%20nationale

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Según el PCT, por sus siglas en inglés "Patent Cooperation Treaty".  2, record 44, Spanish, - solicitud%20nacional

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Subject to the rights of co-owners, a licence may be granted under an old or new patent or application for a patent for working the invention which is the subject of the patent or application. To the extent that the licence so provides, a sub-licence may be granted under any such licence and any such licence or sub-licence may be assigned or mortgaged. Any such licence or sub-licence vests by operation of law in the same way as any other personal property and may be vested by an assent of personal representatives.  1, record 45, English, - sub%2Dlicence

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En droit canadien, à moins de stipulation contraire dans le contrat de licence, un licencié ne peut pas céder sa licence ou accorder des sous-licences sans permission du breveté. Ceci découle du principe voulant que l'exploitation soit personnelle : en effet, le breveté est censé choisir son licencié en fonction de ses capacités techniques et commerciales de même que pour sa loyauté et sa solvabilité.  2, record 45, French, - sous%2Dlicence

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... A divisional patent application is an application claiming priority from some previously filed patent application(called a "parent application") in which more than one invention was disclosed. The divisional application has claims directed to a different invention than that claimed in the parent application.  2, record 46, English, - divisional%20patent%20application

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La communication prématurée permet à un tiers d'exploiter les failles dans la rédaction de la demande et de déposer à son nom une demande de brevet complémentaire.  1, record 46, French, - demande%20de%20brevet%20compl%C3%A9mentaire

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La demande doit être assortie : [...] e) En cas de demande de brevet divisionnaire, de l'indication du numéro et de la date de la demande de brevet initial ou principal.  3, record 46, French, - demande%20de%20brevet%20compl%C3%A9mentaire

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property offers a priority period(one year for utility patent application filed in one member country can be filed in other member countries.  2, record 47, English, - priority%20period

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pendant la période de priorité de 12 mois, vous pouvez éventuellement contacter des tiers en vue de la production et de la commercialisation de l'invention.  3, record 47, French, - p%C3%A9riode%20d%27ant%C3%A9riorit%C3%A9

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(of a patent application)  1, record 48, English, - front%20page

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(d'une demande de brevet)  1, record 48, French, - page%20de%20couverture

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

De una solicitud de patente.  1, record 48, Spanish, - p%C3%A1gina%20de%20cubierta

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Examination of a patent application is conducted by an Examiner in the Patent Office who is technically qualified in the field of technology to which the invention relates.  2, record 49, English, - examination%20of%20a%20patent%20application

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le brevet européen, qui est un système permettant le dépôt et l'examen d'une demande de brevet désignant au moins un des 25 États membres [...]  2, record 49, French, - examen%20d%27une%20demande%20de%20brevet

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Rights derived from prior manufacture or use... 1) Where a person at the priority date of the patent application...(a) was in good faith... making the product or using the process which is the subject of the invention claimed in the application...  2, record 50, English, - prior%20manufacture

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fabrication : Généralités [...] toute matière première, produit, résidu de fabrication intérieure ou document devenu inutile est éliminé.  2, record 50, French, - fabrication%20ant%C3%A9rieure

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The filing date of the parent application is referred to in patent terms as the "priority date" of the continuation application.  2, record 51, English, - parent%20application

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If an error in naming an inventor has been made without any deceptive intention, then correction of inventorship can be made. It is required by statute that a patent application be filed in the name of the inventor or inventors.  1, record 52, English, - naming%20an%20inventor

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Naming of inventor ... The inventor shall be named as such in the patent, unless by a declaration in writing signed by him or on his behalf and submitted to the Registrar he indicates that he does not wish to be so named.  3, record 52, English, - naming%20an%20inventor

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mention de l'inventeur [...] L'inventeur est mentionné comme tel dans le brevet, sauf si, dans une déclaration écrite spéciale, adressée au directeur de l'enregistrement, il indique qu'il souhaite ne pas être mentionné.  3, record 52, French, - mention%20de%20l%27inventeur

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La désignation de l'inventeur doit être effectuée dans la requête en délivrance du brevet [...] Toutefois, si le demandeur n'est pas l'inventeur ou l'unique inventeur, cette désignation doit être effectuée dans un document produit séparément [...]  4, record 52, French, - mention%20de%20l%27inventeur

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Original" is used in the patent statute and rules to refer to an application which is not a reissue application. An original application may be a first filing or continuing application.  2, record 53, English, - original%20application

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La demande originale peut être étrangère ou canadienne; si la demande est étrangère, elle doit provenir d'un pays ayant ratifié une convention internationale appropriée (c'est-à-dire la plupart des pays dans le monde).  3, record 53, French, - demande%20initiale

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

According to the operations process of the State Intellectual Property Office, the procedural requirement to obtain a patent of a design requires at least six months from the submitting of an application to the approval of patent.  2, record 54, English, - procedural%20requirement

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Co-inventor: One of two or more inventors working together on a single invention. A [name] listed on a patent must have made an essential contribution to the invention.  3, record 55, English, - joint%20inventor

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... the other inventors or their legal representatives may make application, and a patent may be granted in the name of the inventors who make the application, on satisfying the Commissioner that the joint inventor has refused to make application or that his whereabouts cannot be ascertained after diligent inquiry.  4, record 55, English, - joint%20inventor

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un individu peut être considéré comme co-inventeur s'il se contente de suggérer une idée quant au résultat à accomplir sans offrir les solutions pour y parvenir.  2, record 55, French, - inventeur%20conjoint

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... les autres inventeurs ou leur représentant légal peuvent soumettre une demande, et un brevet peut être accordé au nom des inventeurs qui font la demande, si le commissaire est convaincu que l'inventeur conjoint a refusé de soumettre une demande ou que le lieu où il se trouve ne peut être déterminée après une enquête diligente.  1, record 55, French, - inventeur%20conjoint

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La vedette anglaise et ses équivalents proviennent de la Loi sur les brevets, L.R. (1985), chapitre P-4, art. 31(1) et des Règles sur les brevets, C.R.C., chapitre 1 250, art. 62.  3, record 55, French, - inventeur%20conjoint

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 56,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The applicant for a European patent is entitled to and may claim the priority of an earlier first application where :...(i) the previous application was filed in or for State recognised as giving rise to a priority right in accordance with provisions of the European Patent Convention...  2, record 56, English, - claim%20priority

Record 56,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le demandeur qui désire revendiquer la priorité d'une demande antérieure doit indiquer la date, l'État et le numéro de dépôt de la demande antérieure.  2, record 56, French, - revendiquer%20la%20priorit%C3%A9

Record 56,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 57,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There is no particular timetable requiring an Examiner to search and examine a patent application by a particular date.  2, record 57, English, - examine%20a%20patent%20application

Record 57,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Requête faite au Bureau des brevets dans le but de faire examiner une demande de brevet en priorité.  2, record 57, French, - examiner%20une%20demande%20de%20brevet

Record 57,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 58,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the application(or patent under reexamination) and the domestic patent contain claims which are identical, or which are not patentably distinct, then the application and patent are claiming the "same patentable invention, "...  2, record 58, English, - national%20patent

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A European patent confers on its proprietor, in each Contracting State for which it is granted, the same rights as would be conferred by a national patent granted in that State.  3, record 58, English, - national%20patent

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... a patent granted by a national authority.  4, record 58, English, - national%20patent

Record 58,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le brevet européen confère à son titulaire, dans chacun des États contractants pour lesquels il a été délivré, les mêmes droits que lui conférerait un brevet national délivré dans cet État.  2, record 58, French, - brevet%20national

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] s'entend d'un brevet délivré par une administration nationale.  3, record 58, French, - brevet%20national

Record 58,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 59,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the date on which a complete application is filed with the Patent Office.  2, record 59, English, - filing%20date

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The filing date is the date you sent it (the application), not the date it was received.  3, record 59, English, - filing%20date

Record 59,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] le récépissé [...] porte comme date de dépôt (surchargée) [...] date à laquelle le dossier a été considéré comme complet.  4, record 59, French, - date%20de%20d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t

Record 59,  Textual support,  Spanish