TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Phobia treatment is typically done by what is known as "exposure therapy. "This treatment involves exposing the patient to the anxiety invoking stimulus, and allowing the anxiety to subside. Virtual reality exposure therapy exposes the patient to a virtual environment that contains the fear-inducing stimulus rather than exposing them to the stimulus in the real world or having the patient imagine the stimulus.  5, record 1, English, - virtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la thérapie d'exposition par réalité virtuelle (TERV) repose sur le principe de l'exposition programmée avec inhibition de la réponse d'évitement[;] elle s'adresse aux phobies spécifiques comme l'acrophobie et l'aérophobie, [ainsi qu']aux phobies sociales spécifiques notamment à la peur de s'exprimer oralement devant un groupe.  2, record 1, French, - th%C3%A9rapie%20d%27exposition%20par%20r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9%20virtuelle

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The excessive fear of acquiring a phobia.  1, record 2, English, - phobophobia

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Peur d'avoir peur.  1, record 2, French, - phobophobie

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The essential feature of this disorder is an excessive shrinking from contact with unfamiliar people that is of sufficient severity to interfere with social functioning in peer relationships and that is of at least six months’ duration. This is coupled with a clear desire for social involvement with familiar people, such as peers the person knows well and family members.  2, record 3, English, - avoidant%20disorder%20of%20childhood%20or%20adolescence

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The DSM-III-R [Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Third edition-Revised] diagnosis of avoidant disorder of childhood or adolescence has been deleted and subsumed with social phobia in DSM-IV [Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth edition].  3, record 3, English, - avoidant%20disorder%20of%20childhood%20or%20adolescence

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La caractéristique essentielle de ce trouble est un retrait excessif du contact avec les étrangers, suffisamment grave pour retentir sur les relations avec les camarades, qui dure au moins 6 mois, et qui est associé à un désir évident de relations avec des personnes familières, telles que des camarades bien connus de l'enfant et les membres de la famille.  1, record 3, French, - trouble%20%3A%20%C3%A9vitement%20de%20l%27enfance%20ou%20de%20l%27adolescence

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ce diagnostic présent dans la troisième version révisée du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux a été supprimé et intégré au diagnostic de phobie sociale dans la quatrième édition du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux.  3, record 3, French, - trouble%20%3A%20%C3%A9vitement%20de%20l%27enfance%20ou%20de%20l%27adolescence

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A particular situation or object that provokes fear or anxiety in the case of a specific phobia.  2, record 4, English, - phobic%20stimulus

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Situation ou objet en particulier qui provoque la peur ou l'anxiété dans le cas d'une phobie spécifique.  2, record 4, French, - stimulus%20phobog%C3%A8ne

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Specific(isolated) phobias. Phobias restricted to highly specific situations such as proximity to particular animals, heights, thunder, darkness, flying, closed spaces, urinating or defecating in public toilets, eating certain foods, dentistry, or the sight of blood or injury. Though the triggering situation is discrete, contact with it can evoke panic as in agoraphobia or social phobia.  2, record 5, English, - specific%20phobia

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

F40.2: code used in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.  4, record 5, English, - specific%20phobia

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Phobies spécifiques (isolées). Phobies limitées à des situations très spécifiques comme la proximité de certains animaux, les endroits élevés, les orages, l'obscurité, les voyages en avion, les espaces clos, l'utilisation des toilettes publiques, la prise de certains aliments, les soins dentaires, le sang ou les blessures. Bien que limitée, la situation phobogène peut déclencher, quand le sujet y est exposé, un état de panique, comme dans l'agoraphobie ou la phobie sociale.  2, record 5, French, - phobie%20sp%C3%A9cifique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

F40.2 : code de la Classification statistique internationale des maladies et des problèmes de santé connexes.  4, record 5, French, - phobie%20sp%C3%A9cifique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An excessive and irrational fear of people.  2, record 6, English, - anthropophobia

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Anthropophobia, or the fear of people, is a commonly misunderstood phobia. It often resembles social phobia, but is not precisely the same fear. Depending on the severity, anthropophobia may cause a phobic reaction even when in the company of only one other person. In extreme cases, those with anthropophobia may withdraw altogether, communicating with others only through... letters or such electronic means as e-mail or text messaging.  3, record 6, English, - anthropophobia

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Crainte excessive et irrationnelle des gens.  2, record 6, French, - anthropophobie

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One third of all patients receiving chemotherapy develop anticipatory nausea and vomiting.  2, record 7, English, - anticipatory%20nausea%20and%20vomiting

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Anticipatory nausea and vomiting : a form of chemotherapy phobia?(PASCAL data base).  3, record 7, English, - anticipatory%20nausea%20and%20vomiting

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On suggère que l'apparition de nausées et de vomissements d'anticipation est un élément de réaction phobique à la chimiothérapie. (base de données PASCAL).  1, record 7, French, - naus%C3%A9es%20et%20vomissements%20d%27anticipation

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La náusea y el vómito anticipados (ANV) a menudo son refractarios a los tratamientos antieméticos estándar.  1, record 7, Spanish, - n%C3%A1usea%20y%20v%C3%B3mito%20anticipados

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

-phobic or-phobous : exhibiting a phobia : having an aversion for....  2, record 8, English, - mathophobic

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'une personne qui a les mathématiques en horreur.  2, record 8, French, - mathophobe

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans bien des milieux les plus raffinés de la culture moderne européenne et américaine, on est si profondément "mathophobe" que quantités d'enfants privilégiés se voient de la même façon (quoique plus en douceur) coupés de cette science qu'ils devraient pouvoir faire leur.  1, record 8, French, - mathophobe

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

(...) chez les enfants récalcitrants aux mathématiques et aux disciplines scientifiques, on trouve une majorité de sujets dont l'environnement était relativement pauvre en adultes mathophones  1, record 8, French, - mathophobe

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Beta blockers, such as propanolol, are not useful for people with general social phobia who are anxious in most social situations; instead, propanolol may be useful for people who are anxious about specific performance situations, such as presenting a speech before an audience... Propranolol falls into the broad pharmacologic category known as beta blockers. Beta blockers block specific sites in the central nervous system known as beta-adrenergic receptor sites. When these sites are blocked, heart rate and blood pressure are reduced and patients become less anxious. Because of this, propranolol is useful in treating chest pain, high blood pressure, and excessive nervousness. Unfortunately, propranolol often makes breathing disorders, such as asthma, worse because it tends to constrict breathing passages and sometimes causes fluid to build up in the lungs if it excessively depresses the heart.  2, record 9, English, - propanolol

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: C₁₆H₂₁NO₂  3, record 9, English, - propanolol

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Active ingredient sold under the name Inderal.  3, record 9, English, - propanolol

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le bêtabloquant le plus fréquemment utilisé est le propanolol. Il est actif sur les manifestations somatiques de l'anxiété, notamment les tremblements et les symptômes cardio-vasculaires.  2, record 9, French, - propanolol

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : C₁₆H₂₁NO₂  3, record 9, French, - propanolol

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Principe actif commercialisé sous le nom Inderal.  3, record 9, French, - propanolol

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ehlers et al.(1988) proposed a model that explains panic attacks as a result of selective focusing on panicogenic interoception. According to this model, PD [panic disorder] patients pay excessive attention to their somatic sensations. They are thus more likely to notice, perceive and react to common interoceptive stimuli. Such sensations then trigger a panic attack. In a recent article, Ehlers(1993) suggests a modification to this theory of interoceptive phobia, arguing that, rather than allocating too much attentional resources to interoceptive stimuli, PD patients are more accurate and capable of detecting actual somatic changes than their healthy counterparts.  2, record 10, English, - interoceptive%20phobia

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'intéroception désigne l'ensemble des sensations physiques venant du corps. Beaucoup de personnes phobiques redoutent en effet de commencer à ressentir ces sensations, signes avant-coureurs d'une montée de panique. Ces sensations physiques sont associées à un réflexe conditionné de peur : c'est ce que l'on nomme «phobie intéroceptive». Le thérapeute va chercher à déclencher ces sensations physiques en séance pour apprendre au patient à les supporter sans angoisse, et à les maîtriser [...]  2, record 10, French, - phobie%20int%C3%A9roceptive

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ecophobia -- a fear of ecological problems and the natural world -- is a fear of oil spills, rainforest destruction, whale hunting, acid rain, the ozone hole, and Lyme disease [and sometimes the fear of just being outside].  4, record 11, English, - ecophobia

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

This summer’s record-busting hot spell ... has aroused an extraordinary response. ... Many Americans have found themselves concerned ... about the whole bruised and abused human habitat. Soggy, unremitting heat sometimes seemed a symptom of general ecological collapse. ... Ecophobia, as the mood might be called, has not been induced by the hot spell alone .... The combination of heat and pollution gave a "sense of foreboding" ... [and provoked] apprehensions about ecological dangers .... Ecophobia ... is not likely to disappear ... [because] there is sufficient cause for fear about almost every aspect of the human environment.  5, record 11, English, - ecophobia

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Briefly, "ecophobia" is an irrational (often hysterical) and groundless hatred of the natural world, or aspects of it. Such fear of the agency of Nature plays out in many spheres. The personal hygiene industry relies on it, since capital-driven notions about personal cleanliness assign us preference for perfumes (for some more than others) over natural bodily odors; the cosmetic industry (in its passion for covering up Nature’s "flaws" and "blemishes") uses it; beauticians and barbers (in their military passion for cutting back natural growths) are sustained by it; city sanitation boards display it in their demands that residents keep grass short to prevent the introduction of "vermin" and "pests" into urban areas; landscaped gardens, trimmed poodles in women’s handbags on the Seoul subway system -- anything that amputates or seeks to amputate the agency of Nature and to assert a human order on a system that follows different orders is, in essence, ecophobic. Ecophobia is a subtle thing that takes many forms.  6, record 11, English, - ecophobia

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

environmental phobia : This term seems to have a more restricted sense, that of the fear of environmental poisons, or is often used in the expression "situational-environmental phobia".  7, record 11, English, - ecophobia

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Peur des milieux naturels.  1, record 11, French, - naturophobie

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Les études des] effets des facteurs environnementaux sur la santé [constituent un] sujet [...] sensible [qui] sort du champ purement scientifique : il comporte des enjeux en termes d'écologie, de politique de santé et de politique, générale; une divulgation trop rapide de données scientifiques risque d'augmenter l'angoisse environnementale [...]  2, record 11, French, - naturophobie

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

écophobie : Le mot «phobie» englobe la crainte maladive, la répugnance, la peur, le dégoût, l'horreur (p. ex. : «zoophobie», peur morbide de certains animaux). Il faut que le premier élément du terme représente l'objet de cette crainte ou de cette répugnance. «Éco» est ambigu : il peut vouloir dire «écologie» (habitat, environnement) ou «économie». Par exemple, nous avons relevé le terme «écophobie» dans le sens de la haine de l'écologie ou des préoccupations environnementales (aussi «écolophobie»), de la peur d'être chez soi (aussi «domophobie»), de l'aversion pour les questions touchant l'économie (aussi «éconophobie»), mais non dans le sens de la peur des milieux naturels qui fait l'objet de la présente fiche. Les termes anglais «ecophobia» et français «écophobie» semblent être souvent de faux-amis.  3, record 11, French, - naturophobie

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Psychotic vs Neurotic Depression. This is a classification based on symptoms. It differentiates between :[1]) psychotic depression, where the patient experiences intense symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions and is therefore felt to have lost touch with reality [and 2]) neurotic depression, where psychotic symptoms are absent, but which is accompanied by neurotic symptoms such as anxiety and phobia and some biological symptoms. This scheme is still used by some physicians, and is widely understood, although its usefulness is frequently questioned.  1, record 12, English, - neurotic%20depression

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A phobia of spiders.  3, record 13, English, - arachnophobia

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Crainte excessive des araignées.  2, record 13, French, - arachnophobie

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

social skills training : A group of techniques for teaching individuals(e. g., with social phobia) to improve social skills(e. g. communication, assertiveness, eye contact, body language, etc.).  1, record 14, English, - social%20skills%20training%20procedure

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Related term: social aptitudes, social skills training.  2, record 14, English, - social%20skills%20training%20procedure

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The effect of social skills training procedures on the acquisition of appropriate interpersonal skills for mentally retarded adults [Source: PASCAL database].  2, record 14, English, - social%20skills%20training%20procedure

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] les procédures d'entraînement aux compétences sociales permettraient la généralisation des capacités de communication apprises [Source - base de données PASCAL].  1, record 14, French, - proc%C3%A9dure%20d%27entra%C3%AEnement%20aux%20comp%C3%A9tences%20sociales

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A form of CBT [cognitive behavior therapy] described by Butler et al.(1984) for the treatment of social phobia. This treatment includes such techniques as relaxation, distraction, and rational self-talk.  1, record 15, English, - anxiety%20management%20training

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Short and long-term effectiveness of group anxiety management training ... Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder ... The effects of anxiety management training on psychological variables and immune parameters in cancer patients ... Anxiety management training as a strategy for enhancing computer user performance ... The study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of complaints management training (CMT) compared to that of anxiety management training (AMT) in patients undergoing benzodiazepine withdrawal ... anxiety management training was delivered at fortnightly intervals by registrars in psychiatry after a brief period of training .... [Source: PASCAL database].  2, record 15, English, - anxiety%20management%20training

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«gestion de l'anxiété» : Source - base de données PASCAL. Nota : en psychologie, on utilise encore souvent les anglicismes «management comportemental» et «self-management comportemental».  1, record 15, French, - entra%C3%AEnement%20%C3%A0%20la%20gestion%20de%20l%27anxi%C3%A9t%C3%A9

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'objet de cette étude est d'apprécier les effets de la gestion de l'anxiété par la relaxation ou par une technique cognitive sur les performances de 80 jeunes adultes [...] en situation d'apprentissage sur ordinateur [...] Les sujets sont également soumis à 2 types de relation à l'ordinateur : interaction du style amical-interaction du style moins amical [...] Les résultats montrent qu'il existe des effets significatifs de l'application des 2 techniques de gestion de l'anxiété ainsi que du style d'interaction à l'ordinateur dans les performances réalisées dans l'usage de l'ordinateur [Source : base de données PASCAL].  1, record 15, French, - entra%C3%AEnement%20%C3%A0%20la%20gestion%20de%20l%27anxi%C3%A9t%C3%A9

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An imaginal exposure technique used by Emmelkamp et al.(1985) to treat social phobia.  1, record 16, English, - self%2Dinstructional%20training

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"self-instruction training": Source - PASCAL database.  2, record 16, English, - self%2Dinstructional%20training

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The effects of multiple-examplar self-instructional training on high school student’s generalized conversational interactions ... Comparing two modes of teaching a question-answering strategy for enhancing reading comprehension: didactic and self-instructional training ... Promoting strategy generalization through self-instructional training in students with reading disabilities ... The relationship of cognitive developmental level to outcome of self-instructional training in behaviorally disordered children ... Efficacy of self-instructional training for reducing children’s dental fear ... efficacy of covert modeling and self-instructional training for fear reduction ... the most frequently studied treatment methods [panic disorder with or without agoraphobia] self-instructional training and paradoxical intention, are not derived from true cognitive models ... to be given cognitive behavioral self-instructional training for 4 weeks. [Source: PASCAL database].  2, record 16, English, - self%2Dinstructional%20training

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par inférence à «tâche d'auto-apprentissage». Termes connexes : programme de self-management, instructions verbales, entraînement à l'auto-estimation.  1, record 16, French, - entra%C3%AEnement%20%C3%A0%20l%27auto%2Dapprentissage

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A form of exposure conducted gradually, such that individuals confront feared situations beginning with less frightening situations and progressing to more frightening situations.  1, record 17, English, - graduated%20exposure

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A 25-year-old woman with a specific phobia related to vaginal penetration fears was effectively treated with graduated exposure therapy involving self-conducted and partner-assisted homework exercises. Treatment produced a complete resolution of the problem within 12 months... Treatment of separation anxiety disorder with graduated exposure and reinforcement targeting school attendance [Source : PASCAL database].  2, record 17, English, - graduated%20exposure

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Effet du contrôle du sujet et de l'exposition graduelle sur la phobie des serpents [...] Effets de l'exposition graduée avec feedback des temps d'exposition sur les phobies des serpents [Source : base de données PASCAL]. Terme connexe : technique de tâches graduées.  1, record 17, French, - exposition%20graduelle

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Fear of flying] may be truly phobic, a situational reaction, or an awareness of personal vulnerability. Some displace anxiety about flying into somatic symptoms. (Medline)  2, record 18, English, - fear%20of%20flying

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fear of flight: Pascal data base.  2, record 18, English, - fear%20of%20flying

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

flying phobia : PSY/INFO.  2, record 18, English, - fear%20of%20flying

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

à propos du traitement des phobies des transports aériens : réévaluation de la technique de désensibilisation systématique à la lumière des théories sur la thérapie familiale. (Pascal)  1, record 18, French, - phobie%20des%20transports%20a%C3%A9riens

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

la phobie des moyens de transport (peur de prendre le train, l'avion, l'autobus, le métro, etc.) (...)  2, record 18, French, - phobie%20des%20transports%20a%C3%A9riens

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish