TERMIUM Plus®
The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.
PIANO ACTION [10 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2024-07-04
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Keyboard Instruments
- Percussion Instruments
- String Instruments
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- hammer shank
1, record 1, English, hammer%20shank
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A wooden dowel bearing a hammer in a piano action. 2, record 1, English, - hammer%20shank
Record 1, Key term(s)
- hammer-shank
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Instruments de musique à clavier
- Instruments de musique à percussion
- Instruments de musique à cordes
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- manche du marteau
1, record 1, French, manche%20du%20marteau
correct, masculine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le manche de marteau est un bâton de bois qui maintient la tête du marteau recouverte de feutre. Équipé d'un axe relié à l'olive, il permet le mouvement de levier et fait le lien entre la propulsion et la frappe. 1, record 1, French, - manche%20du%20marteau
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2024-06-14
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Trucks and Dollies (Materials Handling)
- Keyboard Instruments
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- piano tilter
1, record 2, English, piano%20tilter
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
- tilter 1, record 2, English, tilter
correct
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The first major process in rebuilding a piano is disassembly, starting with the cabinet, then the strings, tuning pins, and finally the heavy cast-iron plate.... In a vertical [piano], first remove the front panels, upper pillars, lid, music shelf, fallboard, nameboard strip, keyslip, keyblocks, action, and keys. If you have a piano tilter..., move the piano far enough from the wall to tip it on its back. Stand the tilter up, center it behind the piano, and push it snugly against the back of the piano with the prongs under the bottom. With one assistant positioned in front to make sure the bottom can’t kick forward, tip the piano and tilter back together. Once the entire weight of the piano is on the tilter, your assistant can stop pushing the bottom of the piano toward the tilter. 1, record 2, English, - piano%20tilter
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Chariots de manutention
- Instruments de musique à clavier
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- basculeur
1, record 2, French, basculeur
correct, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2024-06-14
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Keyboard Instruments
- Percussion Instruments
- String Instruments
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- hammer rail
1, record 3, English, hammer%20rail
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A padded strip of wood in a piano action that supports the hammers when at rest and in an upright piano moves forward when the soft pedal is pressed to shorten the distance between the hammer and the string. 2, record 3, English, - hammer%20rail
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Instruments de musique à clavier
- Instruments de musique à percussion
- Instruments de musique à cordes
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- barre de repos des marteaux
1, record 3, French, barre%20de%20repos%20des%20marteaux
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
- barre de repos 2, record 3, French, barre%20de%20repos
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2010-10-06
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Keyboard Instruments
- String Instruments
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- action
1, record 4, English, action
correct, noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The mechanism of a piano, organ, or similar instrument. 2, record 4, English, - action
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A piano has four essential elements : strings, action, soundboard and framework. 3, record 4, English, - action
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Cristofori's great success was in solving, without any prior example, the fundamental mechanical problem of piano design : the hammer must strike the string, but not remain in contact with it(as a tangent remains in contact with a clavichord string) because this would dampen the sound. Moreover, the hammer must return to its rest position without bouncing violently, and it must be possible to repeat a note rapidly. Cristofori's piano action served as a model for the many different approaches to piano actions that followed. … In 1821, Sébastien Érard invented the double escapement action, which incorporated a repetition lever(also called the balancier) that permitted a note to be repeated even if the key had not yet risen to its maximum vertical position. This facilitated rapid playing of repeated notes, and this musical device was pioneered by Liszt. When the invention became public, as revised by Henri Herz, the double escapement action gradually became standard in grand pianos, and is still incorporated into all grand pianos currently produced. … In grand pianos, the frame and strings are horizontal, with the strings extending away from the keyboard. The action lies beneath the strings, and uses gravity as its means of return to a state of rest. 4, record 4, English, - action
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 PHR
Broadwood square action, double escapement action, drop action, Erard square action, simple action, vertical piano action. 5, record 4, English, - action
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Instruments de musique à clavier
- Instruments de musique à cordes
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- mécanisme
1, record 4, French, m%C3%A9canisme
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le piano est un instrument de musique polyphonique à clavier et à cordes frappées, il est donc classé parmi les percussions et les cordes. Le son est produit par les cordes, tendues sur un cadre rigide, au-dessus de la table d'harmonie. Elles sont frappées par des marteaux, couverts de feutre, actionnés par l'enfoncement des touches du clavier. La vibration des cordes est stoppée par un étouffoir lorsque la touche du clavier est relâchée. Un dispositif mécanique, appelé «échappement», permet à la corde de vibrer librement, puis au cours de son évolution, une répétition plus rapide de la note. […] L'un des mécanismes primordiaux du piano est le mécanisme d'échappement : si la touche et le marteau étaient directement liés, lors de la propulsion du marteau vers la corde, ce dernier resterait bloqué sur la corde, entraînant un étouffement du son produit. Afin d'éviter cet assourdissement, le marteau est propulsé par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce en forme d'équerre, le bâton d'échappement, qui bascule en arrière lorsque sa partie horizontale atteint une butée (réglable). Ainsi le marteau est libre de repartir en arrière dès qu'il a percuté la corde, qui peut alors vibrer sans être étouffée par le marteau. 2, record 4, French, - m%C3%A9canisme
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Différentes parties d’un piano. Le clavier. […] Le mécanisme. Le fait de produire les sons par percussion oblige à utiliser une mécanique complexe. Contrairement aux instruments à corde pincée (clavecin, etc.), le piano nécessite un mécanisme d'échappement. En effet, lorsque le marteau est propulsé vers la corde par l'action de la touche, s'il y avait liaison directe entre le clavier et le marteau, ce dernier resterait bloqué sur la corde, entraînant un étouffement de la note aussitôt le son produit. Pour éviter ceci, le marteau est propulsé par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce en forme d'équerre, le bâton d'échappement, qui bascule en arrière lorsque sa partie horizontale atteint une butée (réglable). Grâce à ceci, le marteau est libre de repartir en arrière lorsqu'il a percuté la corde, lui permettant de produire son son. […] Le pédalier. [La] partie acoustique. [La] structure. 3, record 4, French, - m%C3%A9canisme
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 CONT
En 1821, Sébastien Érard inventa pour sa part le système à répétition, communément et improprement appelé double échappement, qui permet à une note d'être rejouée même si la touche n'est pas encore revenue à sa position initiale ; une innovation que les grands virtuoses sauront utiliser dans des compositions toujours plus difficiles et toujours plus rapides. Amélioré par Henri Herz vers 1840, le principe du double échappement devint finalement le mécanisme standard des pianos à queue, utilisé par tous les facteurs. Le déclin de la firme Erard fut en partie dû a sa volonté de conserver et de produire un instrument à cordes parallèles (ou obliques) dans lequel l'homogénéité du son est meilleure entre les basses et les médiums. […] L'appellation « double échappement » est à éviter car il n'existe bel et bien qu'un seul mécanisme d'échappement dans les pianos, on préférera ainsi le terme de mécanisme de répétition. 4, record 4, French, - m%C3%A9canisme
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2010-02-05
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- String Instruments
- Keyboard Instruments
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- hammer
1, record 5, English, hammer
correct, noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The hammer is the characteristic component of a piano action, composed of a head, heel, shank and butt... which strike the keys when pressed down... 2, record 5, English, - hammer
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT
When the player presses down a key, it moves a system of levers that propels a hammer. ... the hammer hits the string of its own momentum; and instantly jumps away. 3, record 5, English, - hammer
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Instruments de musique à cordes
- Instruments de musique à clavier
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- marteau
1, record 5, French, marteau
correct, masculine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Pièce de bois, dont l'extrémité supérieure feutrée frappe une corde de piano et la met en vibration quand on abaisse la touche correspondante du clavier. 2, record 5, French, - marteau
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le marteau se compose de trois parties : la tête, couverte de plusieurs couches de feutre, le manche et la base. 3, record 5, French, - marteau
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Instrumentos de cuerda
- Instrumentos de teclado
Record 5, Main entry term, Spanish
- macillo
1, record 5, Spanish, macillo
correct, masculine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 5, Synonyms, Spanish
- martillo 2, record 5, Spanish, martillo
correct, masculine noun
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Pieza del piano, a modo de mazo con mango y cabeza forrada de fieltro por uno de sus lados, con la cual, a impulso de la tecla, se hiere la cuerda correspondiente. 3, record 5, Spanish, - macillo
Record 6 - internal organization data 2001-10-10
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Small Arms
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- action bar release
1, record 6, English, action%20bar%20release
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
action : the mechanism by which something is operated, as that of a breechloading rifle or a piano. 2, record 6, English, - action%20bar%20release
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Armes légères
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- loquet du levier d'armement
1, record 6, French, loquet%20du%20levier%20d%27armement
masculine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
levier d'armement : dans les armes portatives, le mouvement de la culasse mobile à l'arrière du canon est produit par le tireur au moyen d'un levier, dit levier d'armement. 1, record 6, French, - loquet%20du%20levier%20d%27armement
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 1995-04-10
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
- Continuing Education
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- one-to-one machine tutor
1, record 7, English, one%2Dto%2Done%20machine%20tutor
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
- one-to-one tutor 1, record 7, English, one%2Dto%2Done%20tutor
correct
- one-on-one tutor 2, record 7, English, one%2Don%2Done%20tutor
correct
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Developing one-to-one machine tutors is not a straightforward process ... it requires reasoning about natural language processing, knowledge representation, diagnosis and causal modeling. The tutor must perform qualitative processing, planning and plan recognition and should recognize the student’s intentions, the pedagogical constraints in effect, and finally, the linguistic and pragmatic considerations that need to be handled. 1, record 7, English, - one%2Dto%2Done%20machine%20tutor
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Consider how much more difficult it would be to play the piano, if the player were guided by a screen on which the notes were projected one at a time, at the rate at which the piece should be played. The situation of the one-on-one tutor is similar. The tutor is following the learner, trying to respond to each action or performance or utterance with the right tutorial action. 2, record 7, English, - one%2Dto%2Done%20machine%20tutor
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
- Éducation permanente
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- tutoriel personnalisé
1, record 7, French, tutoriel%20personnalis%C3%A9
proposal, masculine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
- tuteur individualisé 1, record 7, French, tuteur%20individualis%C3%A9
proposal, masculine noun
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 1995-04-05
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Keyboard Instruments
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- drop screw 1, record 8, English, drop%20screw
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Very small screw found in the hammer flange of the action of a horizontal(grand) piano. 2, record 8, English, - drop%20screw
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Depress each key slowly until the hammer lets off and drops, and set the height of drop by turning drop screw. 3, record 8, English, - drop%20screw
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Instruments de musique à clavier
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- vis de chute
1, record 8, French, vis%20de%20chute
feminine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le marteau est ainsi libéré de l'attrape et donne la possibilité au levier supérieur de remonter jusqu'à la vis de chute sous la pression du ressort qui se détend. 2, record 8, French, - vis%20de%20chute
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - internal organization data 1994-03-14
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Keyboard Instruments
- String Instruments
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- check
1, record 9, English, check
correct, noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
- backcheck 2, record 9, English, backcheck
correct
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A part of the action of a piano forte fixed at the back part of the key, to catch the hammer and prevent its retouching the strings. 3, record 9, English, - check
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The hammer has hit the string ... and has bounced away [and it is] arrested by the check [and] thus prevented from bouncing forward a second time and ... producing unwanted sounds. 4, record 9, English, - check
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Instruments de musique à clavier
- Instruments de musique à cordes
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- attrape-marteau
1, record 9, French, attrape%2Dmarteau
correct, masculine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
- attrape 2, record 9, French, attrape
correct, masculine noun
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'attrape [...] a pour fonction d'empêcher le flottement [du marteau] au moment où il vient d'attaquer la corde. 3, record 9, French, - attrape%2Dmarteau
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 1993-11-01
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Keyboard Instruments
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- wippen
1, record 10, English, wippen
correct
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
- bottom extension wippen 2, record 10, English, bottom%20extension%20wippen
- compact wippen 2, record 10, English, compact%20wippen
- dowel type wippen 2, record 10, English, dowel%20type%20wippen
- regular wippen 2, record 10, English, regular%20wippen
- small direct blow wippen 2, record 10, English, small%20direct%20blow%20wippen
- sticker type wippen 2, record 10, English, sticker%20type%20wippen
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The wippen is that part of a grand piano action assembly that carries the motion from the key to the hammer. 3, record 10, English, - wippen
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Instruments de musique à clavier
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- chevalet
1, record 10, French, chevalet
correct, masculine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
- chevalet à extension 2, record 10, French, chevalet%20%C3%A0%20extension
masculine noun
- chevalet compact à action indirecte 2, record 10, French, chevalet%20compact%20%C3%A0%20action%20indirecte
masculine noun
- chevalet à talon 2, record 10, French, chevalet%20%C3%A0%20talon
masculine noun
- chevalet régulier à action indirecte 2, record 10, French, chevalet%20r%C3%A9gulier%20%C3%A0%20action%20indirecte
masculine noun
- petit chevalet à action directe 2, record 10, French, petit%20chevalet%20%C3%A0%20action%20directe
masculine noun
- chevalet à levier 2, record 10, French, chevalet%20%C3%A0%20levier
masculine noun
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le chevalet joue le rôle de pont à l'égard des cordes qu'il sous-tend. Le chevalet est posé à cheval sur l'axe central de la table d'harmonie. 3, record 10, French, - chevalet
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
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