TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 PHR

All iron construction.  2, record 1, English, - all%20iron

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 PHR

All iron pipe, all iron soil pipe, all iron sewer pipe.  3, record 1, English, - all%20iron

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 PHR

All iron pump.  4, record 1, English, - all%20iron

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Pompe tout fonte.  2, record 1, French, - tout%20fonte

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Tampon tout fonte.  3, record 1, French, - tout%20fonte

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An auger equipped with water-jet orifices designed to clean out collected material inside a driven pipe or casing before taking soil samples from strata below the bottom of the casing.  1, record 2, English, - cleanout%20jet%20auger

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil utilisé pour le débouchage et le curage des canalisations, par projection d'eau (additionnée de produits chimiques) à haute pression.  1, record 2, French, - cureuse

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cureuse à haute pression hydraulique pour le débouchage et le curage des canalisations [...] la cureuse [...] permet le débouchage et le curage à haute pression hydraulique et longues portées, des canalisations jusqu'au diamètre de 400mm et les travaux divers de nettoyage, traitement et désinfection.  1, record 2, French, - cureuse

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Active soil depressurization has been found to be the most effective and reliableradon reduction technique in existing homes... This method involves installing a vent pipe through the basement floor slab... or connecting it to the foundation drain tiles through the sump. A fan that runs continuously is connected to the vent pipe. This reverses the air pressure difference between the house and soil, reducing concentrations of soil gas, including radon, next to the foundation.  3, record 3, English, - active%20soil%20depressurization

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les maisons déjà construites, la dépressurisation active du sol s’est révélée être la meilleure technique de réduction du radon par son efficacité et sa fiabilité. [...] Il faut installer un tuyau d’évacuation qui traverse la dalle de plancher [...] ou le relier au tuyau de drainage périmétrique en passant par le puisard. On adjoint au tuyau d’évacuation un ventilateur qui fonctionne en permanence. En inversant la différence entre la pression à l’intérieur de la maison et celle du sol, cette technique permet de réduire les concentrations de gaz souterrains, dont le radon, autour des fondations.  1, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9pressurisation%20active%20du%20sol

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Another soil process, which is of importance to subsea pipeline engineering, is dynamic liquefaction caused either due to the passing of individual(steep) waves or due to a gradual build-up of pore pressure in the soil due to repeated cyclical forcing, such as wave motion. As a consequence of liquefaction the soil loses its bearing capacity. Hence, a negatively buoyant pipe will sink into the seabed, but what is usually worse is that a buoyant pipe can work its way out of the seabed with potentially hazardous consequences. Although dynamic liquefaction has been studied for more than 20 years, we are still some ways from formulating clear design rules, partially because it is still not clear how important this effect is in the field; the evidence is contradictory.  1, record 4, English, - dynamic%20liquefaction

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Back vent. A pipe or system of pipes connected to the drainage pipes of a plumbing system for the purpose of supplying or removing air to relieve pressures above or below atmospheric. A back vent is that part of a vent line which connects directly with an individual trap beneath or behind a fixture and extends to a branch or main soil or waste pipe at any point higher than the fixture or fixture trap it serves.  6, record 5, English, - back%20vent

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Anti-siphonage pipe. An air pipe in a plumbing system which admits air downstream of a water seal in a w.c., sink or washbasin, thus preventing the creation of a vacuum in the wake of water flushed down the drain and avoiding the breakage of the seal which such a vacuum could cause. The top of an anti-siphonage pipe may be connected to a ventilation pipe.  2, record 5, English, - back%20vent

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 DEF

Vent pipe. Any small pipe extending from any of the various plumbing fixtures in a structure to the vent stack.  3, record 5, English, - back%20vent

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Back vent ... sometimes called an individual vent.  6, record 5, English, - back%20vent

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ventilation secondaire. Tuyau amenant l'air nécessaire pendant les évacuations et empêchant l'aspiration de la garde d'eau des siphons.  4, record 5, French, - ventilation%20secondaire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Évent de siphonnement. Évent particulier d'un siphon.  2, record 5, French, - ventilation%20secondaire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 DEF

Branchement de ventilation secondaire. Canalisation repiquée sur le siphon d'un appareil ou sur son branchement d'évacuation.  8, record 5, French, - ventilation%20secondaire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On distingue les ventilations primaires, qui équipent obligatoirement toutes les chutes et descentes, et les ventilations secondaires qui, raccordées sur les premières, constituent des prises d'air pour les siphons, évitant ainsi leur désamorçage par l'aspiration créée dans la chute.  9, record 5, French, - ventilation%20secondaire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les siphons sont susceptibles de se désamorcer. La norme suivante a été établie : P 41-201. Évacuation des eaux usées. Ventilation secondaire [...] Ce dispositif est obligatoire pour tous les appareils autres que les W.C. raccordés sur une chute unique et dans le cas d'installation de plusieurs appareils branchés sur une même dérivation d'écoulement.  4, record 5, French, - ventilation%20secondaire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsqu'on a affaire, d'une part à une descente qui ne reçoit que des lavabos bidets, baignoires, éviers et autres appareils de même nature et d'autre part à une chute qui ne reçoit que des W.-C., on se contente de les ventiler chacune par le haut en les prolongeant hors combles dans le même diamètre : c'est ce qu'on appelle la ventilation primaire. Si l'on réunit descente et chute en une chute unique la norme fait obligation d'établir une ventilation spéciale pour tous les siphons des appareils autres que les W.-C. : c'est ce qu'on appelle la ventilation secondaire. Quand il y a plusieurs appareils les ventilations sont raccordées à un réseau dit réseau de ventilation secondaire.  4, record 5, French, - ventilation%20secondaire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Strictement parlant, les termes «ventilation secondaire», «dispositif de ventilation secondaire», «évent de siphonnement» ou «anti(-)siphonnage» doivent être considérés comme des génériques englobant la «colonne de ventilation secondaire», tuyau vertical repiqué sur la chute, et le «branchement de ventilation secondaire», tuyau horizontal légèrement incliné, repiqué sur la colonne de ventilation secondaire ou sur la chute.  6, record 5, French, - ventilation%20secondaire

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tubería con fines de ventilación adosada al tubo del rebosadero del colector para prevenir el sifonaje de aquél o el fluido superfluo.  1, record 5, Spanish, - tubo%20de%20antisifonaje

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A pipeline operated at varying temperatures due to occasional shut down of theproduction will expand at positive temperature changes. If the pipeline is not free toexpand but restrained by friction, the pipe will be subjected to an axial compressive load. If the force exerted by the pipe on the soil cover exceeds the vertical restraint created by the pipe's submerged weight, its bending stiffness and the soil cover, the pipe will tend to move in the vertical plane, and considerable displacements may occur.... This model is a consistent semi-analytical linearized procedure and may as such only be considered sufficiently accurate when the upheaval displacement is relatively small.  2, record 6, English, - upheaval%20displacement

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The upper end of a soil pipe, usually consisting of a cast-iron pipe which extends about 18 inches above the surface of the roof.  2, record 7, English, - roof%20terminal

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

roof terminal: term officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  3, record 7, English, - roof%20terminal

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Chutes d'eaux usées.] En tête, ventilation primaire, de même diamètre que la chute, en tuyau de fibrociment avec lanterne de ventilation hors toit; dépassement de 50 cm au-dessus de l'étanchéité.  2, record 7, French, - extr%C3%A9mit%C3%A9%20de%20tuyau%20aboutissant%20au%20toit

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

extrémité de tuyau aboutissant au toit : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  3, record 7, French, - extr%C3%A9mit%C3%A9%20de%20tuyau%20aboutissant%20au%20toit

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thawing of permafrost terrain along the pipeline right-of-way could contribute to loss of pipe cover and soil strength due to thawing of ice-rich backfill. This could lead to increased potential for erosion along the sunken ditch, pipe exposure and/or upheaval displacement of the pipe.  2, record 8, English, - sunken%20ditch

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le dégel de terrain de pergélisol le long de l'emprise du pipeline pourrait contribuer à la perte du remblayage de la conduite et de la force du sol attribuables au dégel de matériaux de remblai riches en glace. Cela pourrait mener à un potentiel accru d'érosion le long de la tranchée effondrée, à l'exposition de la conduite et/ou au déplacement vers le haut de la conduite.  2, record 8, French, - tranch%C3%A9e%20effondr%C3%A9e

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As chilled gas flows through a pipeline at temperatures below 0°C, it freezes the surrounding soil to form a frost bulb around the pipe...  2, record 9, English, - chilled%20gas

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A sudden loss of strength or movement of soil subjected to dynamic loading... could contribute to lateral spreading of soil on the right-of-way, pipe uplift(buoyancy) or pipe settlement leading to flexural strain and/or exposure...  2, record 10, English, - flexural%20strain

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une perte de force ou un mouvement du sol soudain soumis à un chargementdynamique [...] pourrait contribuer à l'épandage latéral du sol sur le tracé, [au] gonflement du sol de la conduite (flottabilité) ou [au] tassement de la conduite menant à la déformation en flexion ou à l'exposition [...]  2, record 10, French, - d%C3%A9formation%20en%20flexion

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of sprinkler fixed in position, having no moving parts and capable of dispersing water in a full part circle or square patterns.  3, record 11, English, - fixed%20spray%20sprinkler

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sprinkler irrigation : The application of water to the soil for the benefit of present crops. Water is projected outward through the air by above-ground applicators to reach the soil in droplet form that approaches rainfall. Applicators commonly used are rotary or fixed sprinklers, oscillating pipe or perforated pipe.  3, record 11, English, - fixed%20spray%20sprinkler

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Sprinkler irrigation. Basic sprinkler types include rotating sprinklers and stationary spray-type nozzles. Rotating sprinklers, such as the slow-rotation, impact-driven sprinkler, are most commonly used. Fixed-spray nozzles are becoming more popular, although they are used most often for landscape applications because their application rates are very high.  5, record 11, English, - fixed%20spray%20sprinkler

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nozzle. As per the source Internet, www.aom.ufl.edu/aom3734/handouts/Lecture12.doc, a "nozzle" is one part of a "sprinkler" but in other consulted sources, the term is also used as the whole.  7, record 11, English, - fixed%20spray%20sprinkler

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'appareil à basse pression le plus fréquemment utilisé pour l'irrigation en grande culture est l'asperseur [...] qui est un ajutage avec ou sans brise-jet, piqué sur la canalisation ou placé à l'extrémité d'un support vertical; il peut être fixe ou muni d'un dispositif à palette oscillante qui, sous l'action du jet, provoque la rotation de l'appareil.  2, record 11, French, - arroseur%20fixe

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Irrigation par aspersion [...] Elle comprend de nombreuses techniques qui diffèrent par : - la nature de l'asperseur : à jet fixe (diffuseur) ou à jet rotatif. [...] - le fonctionnement de l'asperseur à poste fixe ou en déplacement (appareil à pivot central, canon automoteur).  5, record 11, French, - arroseur%20fixe

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Like it or not there are occasions when the best solution to venting a soil pipe, bathroom or kitchen is to duct it out through the roof. To achieve this, ventilation tile or slate provides the neatest and simplest interface with the roof covering to ensure the roof remains watertight.  2, record 12, English, - ventilating%20tile

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The first types of vent tiles were called eyebrow vents. They were mostly made of clay or concrete in the shape of an eyebrow.  2, record 12, English, - ventilating%20tile

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

There are many types of ventilation tiles.  3, record 12, English, - ventilating%20tile

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Élément de couverture comportant [une] ouverture d'aération [de type chatière].  1, record 12, French, - tuile%20chati%C3%A8re

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La tuile chatière et la tuile à douille sont deux types de tuiles de ventilation.  3, record 12, French, - tuile%20chati%C3%A8re

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The mineral clogging mechanism. Due to the drag force of the water at the interface between the soil and a drain pipe, soil particles may be carried into the pipe via its slots. This process can never be prevented completely, but can be counter-acted by installing an envelope material, often a geotextile, around the drain. Generally, two types of mineral clogging can be detected which are referred to as primary and secondary mineral clogging. Primary clogging is a consequence of the sudden drastic changes in the soil/water boundary conditions, caused by the installation of the subsurface drainage system, and the resulting water flow, including particle transport due to the high hydraulic gradients, towards the newly installed pipes. Secondary clogging is defined as particle transport into filters and/or pipes, in the long term;...  1, record 13, English, - primary%20mineral%20clogging

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

colmatage: Accumulation des fines particules du sol entraînées par l'eau dans les pores d'un matériau drainant, naturel ou artificiel, le rendant progressivement incapable d'assurer sa fonction.  2, record 13, French, - colmatage%20min%C3%A9ral%20primaire

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

D'une manière générale, la stricte application des critères de filtration définis par les divers organismes nationaux prend en compte les effets à long terme du colmatage minéral et donc limite les risques de non-fonctionnement des réseaux de drainage.  3, record 13, French, - colmatage%20min%C3%A9ral%20primaire

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The mineral clogging mechanism. Due to the drag force of the water at the interface between the soil and a drain pipe, soil particles may be carried into the pipe via its slots. This process can never be prevented completely, but can be counter-acted by installing an envelope material, often geotextile, around the drain. Generally, two types of mineral clogging can be detected which are referred to as primary and secondary mineral clogging. Primary clogging is a consequence of the sudden drastic changes in the soil/water boundary conditions, caused by the installation of the subsurface drainage system, and the resulting water flow, including particle transport due to the high hydraulic gradients, towards the newly installed pipes. Secondary clogging is defined as particle transport into filters and/or pipes, in the long term;...  1, record 14, English, - secondary%20mineral%20clogging

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

colmatage: Accumulation des fines particules du sol entraînées par l'eau dans les pores d'un matériau drainant, naturel ou artificiel, le rendant progressivement incapable d'assurer sa fonction.  2, record 14, French, - colmatage%20min%C3%A9ral%20secondaire

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

D'une manière générale, la stricte application des critères de filtration définis par les divers organismes nationaux prend en compte les effets à long terme du colmatage minéral et donc limite les risques de non-fonctionnement des réseaux de drainage.  3, record 14, French, - colmatage%20min%C3%A9ral%20secondaire

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many methods have been used in setting and supporting end posts ... A satisfactory method is to set the anchor post at a slight angle. The post is then guyed with a strong galvanized wire, one end of which is fastened to the post 0,3 m (1 ft) from the top and the other to an anchor 1 m (3 ft) from the post. A very satisfactory anchor is made by placing a 1 m (3 ft) iron bar ... in a post hole ... Approximately 15 L (3 gal) of concrete are poured around the bar as it is held in the center of the hole.  2, record 15, English, - anchor

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A device secured to the ground and used to brace the end post of a trellis.  2, record 15, English, - anchor

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The anchor may be a concrete deadman, a buried steel plate or steel pipe, or a short post protruding 12-18 in... above the soil...  3, record 15, English, - anchor

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les fils sont tendus par les piquets de bouts de rang qui sont stabilisés par divers procédés d'ancrage : - ancrage avec inclinaison du piquet de tête : pieu en bois traité de 70 cm dépassant de 10 à 15 cm du sol, tige cylindrique de 10 mm de diamètre et de 1,10 m de long, dont la base est coulée dans du béton, hélice galvanisée de 100 ou 150 mm [...], borne (20 kg) ou pieu (9,5 kg) en béton [...]  1, record 15, French, - ancrage

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dispositif qui permet de soulager la tension sur les poteaux de bout et empêcher qu'ils ne s'inclinent vers l'intérieur.  2, record 15, French, - ancrage

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That part of the lowest horizontal piping of a drainage system which receives the discharge from soil, waste, and other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys it to the building sewer(house sewer), the pipe that begins five feet outside the inner face of the building wall.  3, record 16, English, - house%20drain

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tuyau horizontal le plus bas d'un réseau de plomberie, qui reçoit le contenu des tuyaux de descente, de drainage du sol et des autres canalisations à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment pour les déverser dans un branchement de l'égout de rue.  1, record 16, French, - %C3%A9gout%20de%20maison

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tubo conectado al drenaje principal de un edificio, a 900 mm de la pared del mismo para conducir aguas negras, aguas grises o aguas pluviales a un alcantarillado público o privado.  1, record 16, Spanish, - alcantarilla%20del%20edificio

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Biological clogging is the result of chemical and microbiological deposition of humus and iron compounds in and around the pipe drain.... biochemical clogging(however, partly mineral), occurs in most peat soils when a too densely structured envelope is used. In this case clogging is caused by organic material being washed out of the soil into the envelope.  1, record 17, English, - biochemical%20clogging

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Clogging: The movement by mechanical action or hydraulic flow of soil particles into the voids of a fabric and retention therein, thereby reducing the hydraulic conductivity of a geotextile.  3, record 17, English, - biochemical%20clogging

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les milieux poreux, comme les dépôts clastiques, l'infiltration d'eau entraîne un colmatage, qui se traduit par une diminution de la perméabilité. Ce phénomène est dû au remplissage progressif des pores du sol avec des particules fines transportées en suspension (colmatage mécanique) et à la précipitation de minéraux (colmatage chimique ou biochimique lorsque des bactéries participent au processus).  2, record 17, French, - colmatage%20biochimique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'aide à la gestion des puits et des forages balaye un large spectre d'applications entre la prévision du vieillissement des ouvrages de captages à la simulation d'impact de l'implantation de telle ou telle géométrie de champ captant. Pour ce faire des méthodes spécifiques sont développées afin de rendre compte de phénomènes comme le colmatage chimique ou biochimique des crépines.  3, record 17, French, - colmatage%20biochimique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Colmatage chimique. [...] On notera que des eaux chargées en sel de fer peuvent, sous l'action de micro-organismes, déposer sur les géotextiles de l'hydroxyde ferrique qui à terme obturera totalement le géotextile. Colmatage biologique. Dans les ouvrages fluviaux et les zones exposées au batillage, on peut enregistrer sur la texture fibreuse une prolifération d'algues qui, à terme, risque de réduire notablement la perméabilité des nappes et donc d'entraver notablement la fonction de filtration du géotextile.  4, record 17, French, - colmatage%20biochimique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Colmatage. Dans un système sol-filtre-drain, chacun des trois éléments est susceptible de se colmater. En général, le sol situé au voisinage du filtre perd ses particules fines et ne se colmate pas. Les risques de colmatage du filtre et du drain dépendent de la quantité de ces particules fines quittant le sol et qui est elle-même déterminée par le choix du filtre. Pour éviter le colmatage du filtre, on pourrait choisir un géotextile dont la texture serait plus serrée que le diamètre des particules fines, mais elle serait quasi imperméable et arrêterait même l'eau.  5, record 17, French, - colmatage%20biochimique

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The pipe and fittings were manufactured in two different weight classes, namely "medium" and "extra heavy."  1, record 18, English, - extra%20heavy%20weight%20class

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cast iron soil pipe.  2, record 18, English, - extra%20heavy%20weight%20class

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les tuyaux et raccords étaient fabriqués en deux catégories de résistance, soit «moyenne» et «extra-forte».  1, record 18, French, - cat%C3%A9gorie%20de%20r%C3%A9sistance%20extra%2Dforte

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tuyau d'évacuation en fonte.  3, record 18, French, - cat%C3%A9gorie%20de%20r%C3%A9sistance%20extra%2Dforte

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

extraforte : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, record 18, French, - cat%C3%A9gorie%20de%20r%C3%A9sistance%20extra%2Dforte

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In an open ended pipe, grout enters the soil solely through the pipe tip initially set at the borehole bottom. Each subsequent injection takes place above the previous after pulling the pipe a short distance up along the grout hole.  2, record 19, English, - open%2Dended%20pipe

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On peut recueillir une certaine quantité de renseignements qualitatifs bruts en observant un puits dégageant dans l'atmosphère à travers un tube à extrémité libre.  1, record 19, French, - tube%20%C3%A0%20extr%C3%A9mit%C3%A9%20libre

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Irrigation by means of spray from pipes or pipe projections above the soil surface.  4, record 20, English, - spray%20irrigation

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are three general types of irrigation: (1) spray irrigation, (2) flood irrigation, and (3) drip irrigation. Spray irrigation, the most common type, is accomplished by spraying an area from fixed spray heads located strategically throughout the area of irrigation.  5, record 20, English, - spray%20irrigation

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] irrigation qui consiste à imiter l'apport d'eau naturel par la pluie en projetant l'eau sur la parcelle au moyen d'appareils appelés asperseurs, convenablement répartis et alimentés par un réseau de canalisation sous pression.  3, record 20, French, - irrigation%20par%20aspersion

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Différentes techniques d'irrigation. Selon le mode de distribution de l'eau à la parcelle, on distingue essentiellement trois techniques : l'irrigation de surface, l'irrigation par aspersion et la micro-irrigation. [...] L'irrigation par aspersion est la technique la plus courante, utilisant de l'eau sous pression qui est distribuée sous forme de pluie.  2, record 20, French, - irrigation%20par%20aspersion

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Arrosage par aspersion. Au niveau de la parcelle, on utilise fréquemment comme synonyme d'irrigation le mot arrosage, dont le sens initial est plus large.  2, record 20, French, - irrigation%20par%20aspersion

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Riego con agua a presión que sale a través de rociadores en forma de lluvia.  3, record 20, Spanish, - riego%20por%20aspersi%C3%B3n

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Riego por aspersión es un método en que el agua es esparcida sobre una superficie de terreno, a semejanza de una lluvia, por causa del fraccionamiento de chorro en un número de gotas de agua que se esparcen sobre el terreno. Este fraccionamiento es obtenido por el flujo de agua bajo presión a través de pequeños orificios o bocales. Para tal efecto, el agua es conducida y aplicada por medio de equipos, que normalmente comprenden motobombas, tuberías y aspersores de las más diversas capacidades y características de fabricación. Es un sistema de riego que permite un perfecto control de la lámina de riego aplicada y un ajuste bastante rígido en las condiciones de suelo-clima-planta involucradas en el sistema. ... La irrigación por aspersión se adapta a casi todos los cultivos.  4, record 20, Spanish, - riego%20por%20aspersi%C3%B3n

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

El riego por aspersión es el sistema que se asemeja a la lluvia cubriendo la "lluvia artificial" la superficie de cultivo a regar. El agua para que se disperse en gotas de distinto tamaño debe salir a presión por orificios y boquillas (aspersores), por ello también el sistema genéricamente se denomina riego presurizado.  5, record 20, Spanish, - riego%20por%20aspersi%C3%B3n

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A downhole "real time" data gathering and transmitting system that sends information from the drill bit to the surface by one of several means.  4, record 21, English, - measuring%20while%20drilling

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The data transmitted by some form of telemetry - hardwire or electronics, or hydraulic impulse includes drilling angle and rate, temperature, type formation, and condition of the bit. The MWD system is the most advanced yet developed to keep the driller and geologist informed on conditions several thousand feet down hole.  4, record 21, English, - measuring%20while%20drilling

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[This technology allows a driller to] determine soil properties and measure whether his well is on course without pulling pipe and bit and lowering instruments into the hole.  5, record 21, English, - measuring%20while%20drilling

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Objet des mesures de fond pendant le forage. [...] Leur but vise à connaître en temps réel les paramètres de fond : [...] paramètres mécaniques [...] paramètres liés à la formation [...] paramètres directionnels [...]  1, record 21, French, - mesure%20de%20fond%20pendant%20le%20forage

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Mesures en cours de forage, deux types de transmission sont utilisés : par câble électrique ou par pression de la boue.  2, record 21, French, - mesure%20de%20fond%20pendant%20le%20forage

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Drip Irrigation - A watering technique that reduces water use by 20 - 50%, utilizing a series of hoses and small emitters or porous tubing to deliver small amounts of water to individual plants.  4, record 22, English, - porous%20tube

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Subsurface drip irrigation is a variation of traditional drip irrigation where the tubing and emitters are buried beneath the soil surface, rather than laid on the ground or suspended from wires. The products being used today in subsurface drip irrigation come in three basic configurations : hard hose, drip tape, and porous tubing.... Porous pipe products emit water all along the length of the tubing. There are literally thousands of places per meter where water weeps out of the tubing. This design has shown resistance to plugging by roots. The disadvantage is its flow path is by far the smallest of the three configurations. This increases the likelihood of plugging by fine particles. It typically has the largest coefficient of manufacturing variability of the three configurations, which can be a major detriment because it prevents high distribution uniformities and high efficiencies.  5, record 22, English, - porous%20tube

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le goutte à goutte [...] permet de distribuer l'eau directement au pied des plantes, sans mouiller la partie supérieur (feuilles, fleurs, fruits). Il existe quatre techniques de goutte à goutte : le goutte à goutte mono fil : on ne pose qu'un seul goutteur ou un seul capillaire par plante ou par pot. Le goutte à goutte multitête : il s'agit d'une tête de distribution comportant 6, 8 ou 12 sorties. L'utilisation d'une gaine, un tube perforé tous les 30, 40 ou 50 cm. Les tubes poreux. L'eau est distribuée tout le long du tube du fait de la porosité du tube.  1, record 22, French, - tube%20poreux

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

British Gas and Tracto-Technik jointly developed the technology called pipe bursting, which "allows the replacement of cast iron, clay, cement, and other fracturable pipes with a new main of the same or larger size for water, sewer, or production lines. "... Pipe bursting involves digging an entry pit at one end of the failed pipe and running a pneumatic pipe-bursting tool and an expander into the pipe through the pit opening. The pipe-bursting tool is a soil displacement hammer fitted with cutting blades. A steel line, attached to the head of the tool and to a winch on the other end of the pipe, keeps the line tight and helps guide the tool. As the pipe burster hammers through old pipe, the expander moves broken fragments and dirt out of the way to make room for new pipe, which is attached to the back of the tool and follows it into the void. After the new pipe is in place, crews connect service laterals at specified locations.  2, record 23, English, - bursting%20tool

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Outil d'expansion utilisé afin d'éclater la conduite existante. Cet outil produit une expansion vers les parois de la conduite, par le biais d'une force hydraulique, pneumatique ou par traction.  1, record 23, French, - %C3%A9clateur

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

«L'éclate-tuyau» permet de remplacer les conduites en fonte, en argile, et autres tuyaux cassables par une nouvelle canalisation de même taille ou de taille plus grande avec le minimum d'inconvénients pour le voisinage et l'environnement. Conçue et mise au point avec British Gas, pour remplacer les conduites de distribution de gaz, cette technique d'éclatement de tuyau brevetée peut être utilisée pour remplacer n'importe quelle canalisation constituée de tuyaux cassables, y compris les conduites d'eau, les égouts et les conduites d'approvisionnement des canalisations de traitement.  3, record 23, French, - %C3%A9clateur

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

British Gas and Tracto-Technik jointly developed the technology called pipe bursting, which "allows the replacement of cast iron, clay, cement, and other fracturable pipes with a new main of the same or larger size for water, sewer, or production lines. "... Pipe bursting involves digging an entry pit at one end of the failed pipe and running a pneumatic pipe-bursting tool and an expander into the pipe through the pit opening. The pipe-bursting tool is a soil displacement hammer fitted with cutting blades. A steel line, attached to the head of the tool and to a winch on the other end of the pipe, keeps the line tight and helps guide the tools. As the pipe burster hammers through old pipe, the expander moves broken fragments and dirt out of the way to make room for new pipe, which is attached to the back of the tool and follows it into the void. After the new pipe is in place, crews connect service laterals at specified locations.  2, record 24, English, - pipe%20bursting

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique qui fait gonfler vers l'extérieur la conduite endommagée au moyen d'un outil d'expansion, soit un éclateur. Au même moment, une nouvelle conduite, dont le diamètre est le même ou plus grand est tirée derrière l'outil d'expansion.  3, record 24, French, - %C3%A9clatement

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le développement de nouveaux procédés pour la réhabilitation de conduites existantes, ceci afin d'augmenter leur durée de vie, a débuté dans les années 70. Le tubage ou l'insertion d'une petite conduite à l'intérieur de l'ancienne, était déjà utilisé depuis un certain temps. Les nouvelles méthodes consistaient: a) en l'utilisation d'une technique d'éclatement pour retirer l'ancienne conduite et la remplacer simultanément avec une nouvelle et b) en la fabrication in situ d'un nouveau revêtement en insérant une gaine imprégnée de résine dans la conduite existante afin de former une nouvelle conduite structurellement indépendante [après séchage].  2, record 24, French, - %C3%A9clatement

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Parmi les techniques les plus utilisées : l'injection, qui consiste à aller placer sous pression des résines ou des gels sur les défauts ponctuels grâce à un appareillage guidé depuis la surface; le gainage ou chemisage continu, qui permet de reconstituer la paroi interne de la conduite, également à partir de résines; enfin le tubage qui permet d'introduire une conduite de diamètre inférieur dans le tronçon à réhabiliter ou dans une voie libérée après broyage ou éclatement de la conduite défectueuse.  4, record 24, French, - %C3%A9clatement

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A vertical soil pipe conveying human excrement and liquid wastes.  3, record 25, English, - soil%20stack

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Canalisation de gros diamètre servant à la descente par gravité des eaux usées et/ou des eaux vannes de w.c. jusqu'aux fosses d'épuration ou aux évacuations enterrées.  5, record 25, French, - colonne%20de%20chute

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Canalisation verticale servant à l'évacuation des W.-C.  2, record 25, French, - colonne%20de%20chute

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 3 DEF

Colonne servant à évacuer des eaux sanitaires contenant des matières fécales, avec ou sans le déversement d'autres appareils.  6, record 25, French, - colonne%20de%20chute

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Microtunnelling is becoming increasingly important. Whether house connections, gas and water pipelines, pipe renovation or laying cables-the principle of underground pipe-jacking has proven successful. Essential advantages are environmentally friendly processes, minimized disturbance to public highways, easy working in urban areas, economical management... Auger material removal will be applied in soil without ground water. The advantages of the auger system : Simpler machine design than the AVN system and direct discharge of the excavated material, especially with cohesive ground.  3, record 26, English, - auger%20system

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Microtunneling specifications... The measuring and balancing of earth and ground water pressure shall be achieved by use of a slurry or cased auger system. The system shall be capable of incremental adjustments to maintain face stability for the soil conditions encountered... The system shall monitor and continuously balance the soil and ground water pressure. The system shall be capable of adjustments required to maintain face stability for the particular soil condition to be encountered to prevent loss of soil or uncontrolled ground water inflow.  4, record 26, English, - auger%20system

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type d'appareil de creusage utilisé pour le microtunnelage.  1, record 26, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20%C3%A0%20la%20tari%C3%A8re

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le système à la tarière incorpore une série de tarières hélicoïdales pour transporter le sol de la tête de coupe vers le puits d'entrée. La tête de coupe est reliée directement à la tarière et est mue par un moteur situé dans le puits d'entrée.  1, record 26, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20%C3%A0%20la%20tari%C3%A8re

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For all buried pipe, rigid or flexible, the "structural performance is dependent on soil structure interaction. The type and anticipated behavior of the material beneath the structure, adjacent to the structure, and over the structure must be considered".(From paragraph 17. 1. 6, AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges). Also, "It must be recognized that a buried plastic pipe is a composite structure made up of the plastic ring and the soil envelope, and that both materials play a vital part in the structural design of plastic pipe".(From paragraph 18. 1. 1, AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges).  3, record 27, English, - soil%20envelope

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des matériaux de remblayage de tout type situés sous, autour et au-dessus de la conduite.  2, record 27, French, - sol%20encaissant

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

STARC (MC) un Système de Tests, Analyses et Réhabilitation de Conduites : décèle les anomalies cachées des conduites et du sol encaissant; combine plusieurs tests, pour un succès maximum du diagnostic; corrige l'ovalité et aide à réhabiliter les conduites.  3, record 27, French, - sol%20encaissant

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Plusieurs villes d'Europe, d'Asie, des États-Unis et même du Canada ont commencé à réhabiliter leurs infrastructures souterraines. Celles-ci possèdent et appliquent un programme d'inspection et de réhabilitation depuis plusieurs années. Quelle que soit la démarche utilisée pour choisir un procédé de réhabilitation, il demeure primordial de bien connaître : 1. les causes de la dégradation; 2. les conditions du sol encaissant; 3. l'emplacement des infrastructures adjacentes; [...]  4, record 27, French, - sol%20encaissant

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... protection where pipeline coatings are subjected to rocky terrain, mountain handling, excessive abrasion and damaging backfills.  3, record 28, English, - rock%20shield

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pipe Saver Rock Shield helps maintain cathodic flow in natural gas and oil pipelines. The durable plastic mesh is wrapped around the pipe to protect against debris and rock damage during back filling and against problems that certain soil conditions can cause after pipe is installed.  4, record 28, English, - rock%20shield

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Rockshield Testing. Description. Tuff-N-Nuff is a non-woven mat consisting of small diameter (approximately 0.050") strands of PVC. The strands are bonded to each other in a controlled random pattern. The rock shield protects pipe coatings from direct impact during backfilling operations. It also provides long term protection by keeping hard objects in the backfill away from the pipe coating during operation of the line. Pipe may move laterally as well as longitudinally, and the rock shield is the first line of defense against damage to the coating and the pipe.  5, record 28, English, - rock%20shield

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Rock shield for pipeline construction.  6, record 28, English, - rock%20shield

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A bulbous enlargement at the bottom of a concrete pile.  5, record 29, English, - pedestal

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... in forming the uncased Franki pile... a drop hammer is allowed to fall directly on a mass of concrete in the lower part of a drive pipe;... when the required depth is reached, the drive pipe is lifted slightly and held against further penetration as concrete is fed into the pipe alongside the hammer and rammed into the soil to form a pedestal.  7, record 29, English, - pedestal

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pedestal piles retain the good effects of the bulb of pressure formed at the bottom while driving, by formation of a bulb of hardened concrete.  2, record 29, English, - pedestal

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Élargissement sur une certaine hauteur de la base d'un puits ou d'un pieu, dans le but de diminuer la contrainte transmise au sol d'assise.  5, record 29, French, - patte%20d%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'abaissement du tube, par battage, provoque la fermeture du clapet de base et tasse fortement le béton, formant ainsi le bulbe du pieu [...]  2, record 29, French, - patte%20d%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In plumbing, any pipe that receives the discharge of any fixture, except water closets or similar fixtures, and conveys the discharge to the house drain or soil or waste stack.  2, record 30, English, - waste%20pipe

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A pipe which conveys only liquid wastes free from fecal matter.  3, record 30, English, - waste%20pipe

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Siphon d'appareil sanitaire, appareil placé sur le tuyau de vidange des éviers, des lavabos, etc., et dans lequel la garde d'eau empêche les mauvaises odeurs de remonter dans la maison.  1, record 30, French, - tuyau%20de%20vidange

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le système du vidage d'un appareil sanitaire est composé de l'ensemble des pièces de raccordement entre l'appareil et sa canalisation d'évacuation; il comprend donc une bonde et un siphon [...]  10, record 30, French, - tuyau%20de%20vidange

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La relation spécifique-générique établie sur cette fiche s'explique par le fait que les termes semblent convenir autant aux eaux vannes qu'aux eaux usées au contraire de l'anglais.  7, record 30, French, - tuyau%20de%20vidange

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device for small installations, comprising one or more pits extending into porous strata and lined with open-jointed stone, concrete block, precast concrete, or similar walls, capped, and provided with a means of access, such as a manhole cover. It serves to introduce into the ground, by seepage, the partly treated effluent of a water-carriage wastewater disposal system.  2, record 31, English, - seepage%20pit

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The seepage pit is usually made of concrete block or is a precast concrete unit. Typically, 8-in. thick block are used, and they are laid with the cells(holes) placed horizontally to allow the effluent to seep into the ground. The tapered cells of the block are set with the widest area to the outside to reduce the amount of loose material behind the lining that might fall into the pit. The typical precast concrete seepage pit shown in Fig. 5-14 is the same unit used for drywells. The bottom of the pit is lined with coarse gravel a minimum of 1 ft deep before the block or concrete is placed. Between the block or concrete and the soil is a minimum of 6 in. of clean crushed stone or gravel. Straw is placed on top of the gravel to keep sand from filtering down and reducing the effectiveness of the gravel. The top of the pit should have an opening with a watertight cover to provide access to the pit if necessary. The construction of the pit above the inlet pipe should be watertight.  3, record 31, English, - seepage%20pit

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

S'il n'y a pas d'égout pour le rejet des eaux sortant de la fosse septique, on adjoint à celle-ci un puits filtrant qui disperse les effluents dans le terrain.  2, record 31, French, - puits%20filtrant

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

puits filtrant : utilisé pour évacuer un liquide épuré dans couches de terrain perméable.  3, record 31, French, - puits%20filtrant

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of draining a water-bearing soil around an excavation to reduce the pumping required within it and to strengthen the ground. A tube about 2 in. diameter is sunk by jetting into the water-bearing soil. It is fitted with a close-mesh screen at the bottom, and connected through a header pipe to a suction pump at the top. Generally, a number of wellpoints are put down and connected to one header pipe. Wellpointing is not effective in fine-grained sand.  1, record 32, English, - wellpointing

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Assèchement d'une fouille par pointes filtrantes [...] On utilise des pointes filtrantes [...]; leur diamètre sera de 6 cm; le collecteur étant situé au niveau du sol, la pompe se trouve 0,50 m au-dessus.  1, record 32, French, - ass%C3%A8chement%20par%20pointes%20filtrantes

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The((cast iron soil)) pipe and fittings were manufactured in two different weight classes, namely "medium" and "extra heavy".  1, record 33, English, - weight%20class

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les tuyaux d'évacuation en fonte et raccords étaient fabriqués en deux catégories de résistance, soit «moyenne» et «extra-forte».  1, record 33, French, - cat%C3%A9gorie%20de%20r%C3%A9sistance

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The best means of cutting pipe is with the use of a snap type cutter which has sharp hardened cutting wheels. In the past plumbers used a cold chisel and hammer, but due to technological change in the manufacture of the pipe, the iron has become more difficult to cut by this means. The snap type cutter is fast and accurate, but it is important that the cutters be maintained in good condition.  1, record 34, English, - snap%20type%20cutter

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Snap type cutters... are used not only to cut cast iron soil pipe, but also for cutting vitrified clay pipe, concrete pipe and asbestos cement pipe.  1, record 34, English, - snap%20type%20cutter

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Figure.  2, record 34, English, - snap%20type%20cutter

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les coupe-tuyaux à rupture instantanée [...] ne servent pas uniquement à couper les tuyaux d'égout en fonte mais également les tuyaux d'argile vitrifiée, de béton et d'amiante-ciment.  1, record 34, French, - coupe%2Dtuyau%20%C3%A0%20rupture%20instantan%C3%A9e

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La meilleure façon de couper un tuyau consiste en l'utilisation d'un coupe-tuyau à chaîne à molette affûtée et trempée. Par le passé, les plombiers utilisaient un ciseau à froid et un marteau, mais étant donné les changements technologiques dans la fabrication des tuyaux, il est devenu beaucoup plus difficile de couper la fonte par ce moyen. Le coupe-tuyau à chaîne est rapide et précis, mais il est très important de maintenir les molettes en bon état.  1, record 34, French, - coupe%2Dtuyau%20%C3%A0%20rupture%20instantan%C3%A9e

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The [cast iron soil] pipe and fittings were manufactured in two different weight classes, namely "medium" and "extra heavy".  1, record 35, English, - medium%20weight%20class

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les tuyaux [d'évacuation en fonte] et [les] raccords étaient fabriqués en deux catégories de résistance, soit «moyenne» et «extra-forte».  1, record 35, French, - cat%C3%A9gorie%20de%20r%C3%A9sistance%20moyenne

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(Soil Pipe Connection) Vertical Single Closet Fitting with L. H. branch inlet with Carrier.  1, record 36, English, - branch%20inlet

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(Raccord d'évacuation) Raccord simple, vertical, à embranchement d'alimentation à gauche, avec bras support.  1, record 36, French, - embranchement%20d%27alimentation

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Assembly tool for compression joint cast iron soil pipe.  1, record 37, English, - assembly%20tool

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Outil d'emboîtement pour raccords à compression de tuyaux d'égout en fonte.  1, record 37, French, - outil%20d%27embo%C3%AEtement

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The conventional pavement underdrain system consists of a perforated pipe collector, a gravel layer around the pipe to prevent its clogging, and a sand filter layer around the gravel to prevent migration of the natural soil from entering the gravel.... A major use of fabrics has been to vastly alter this type of underdrain system. Shown in Figure 5. 2(b) are the schematic diagrams of a replacement of the conventional method using a fabric-wrapped stone aggregate(with or without the perforated pipe) placed directly in an excavated trench.  1, record 38, English, - pavement%20underdrain%20system

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Drain d'accotement [...] En assainissant la structure de la route et des abords, le géotextile aura un effet bénéfique sur le comportement de la route lors du gel et surtout lors du dégel [...] le sol destiné à recevoir le système drainant doit être excavé avec un engin spécialement conçu à cet effet [...]  2, record 38, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20drainant%20sous%20chauss%C3%A9e

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...]Recommandations pour l'emploi des géotextiles dans les systèmes de drainage et de filtration.  2, record 38, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20drainant%20sous%20chauss%C3%A9e

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Si l'on doit construire des drains souterrains dans l'accotement ou dans le terrain naturel, il faut recouvrir les filtres d'un sol imperméable pour éviter l'infiltration des eaux de ruissellement [...] Note: Les textiles non tissés, qu'on trouve maintenant sur le marché, peuvent remplacer les filtres de matériaux granulaires autour des drains perforés.  3, record 38, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20drainant%20sous%20chauss%C3%A9e

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Biological clogging is the result of chemical and microbiological deposition of humus and iron compounds in and around the pipe drain.... biochemical clogging(however, partly mineral), occurs in most peat soils when a too densely structured envelope is used. In this case clogging is caused by organic material being washed out of the soil into the envelope.  1, record 39, English, - chemical%20clogging

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Clogging: The movement by mechanical action or hydraulic flow of soil particles into the voids of a fabric and retention therein, thereby reducing the hydraulic conductivity of a geotextile.  2, record 39, English, - chemical%20clogging

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Colmatage chimique. [...] On notera que des eaux chargées en sel de fer peuvent, sous l'action de micro-organismes, déposer sur les géotextiles de l'hydroxyde ferrique qui à terme obturera totalement le géotextile.  1, record 39, French, - colmatage%20chimique

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'eau qui circule est chargée de particules solides en suspension, celles-ci s'accumulent sur le filtre ou au sein du filtre en réduisant progressivement la perméabilité. Le débit diminue, il y a colmatage.  2, record 39, French, - colmatage%20chimique

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mineral clogging starts to develop at the interface between the geotextile(or pipe wall) and the adjacent soil. It is therefore defined as a contact process. Two clogging processes can be distinguished : contact erosion... which occurs when particles of nearly all sizes are washed out locally and contact suffosion... when only the fine particles are washed out leaving a skeleton, consisting of coarser particles, behind. In subsurface drainage systems, contact erosion should be restricted. Contact suffosion is allowed, provided however that the envelope does not clog.  1, record 40, English, - contact%20suffosion

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Suffusion : Tassement de la surface du terrain par la lévigation (due aux eaux souterraines) des composants solubles ainsi que par le déplacement des particules colloïdales qui constituent la roche meuble.  2, record 40, French, - suffusion%20par%20contact

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Generally, two types of mineral clogging can be detected which are referred to as primary and secondary clogging. Primary clogging is a consequence of the sudden drastic changes in the soil/water boundary conditions, caused by the installation of the subsurface drainage system, and the resulting water flow, including particle transport due to the high hydraulic gradients, towards the newly installed pipe. Secondary clogging is defined as a particle transport into filters and/or pipes, in the long term;...  1, record 41, English, - mineral%20clogging

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Clogging : The movement by mechanical action or hydraulic flow of soil particles into the voids of a fabric and retention therein, thereby reducing the hydraulic conductivity of a geotextile.  2, record 41, English, - mineral%20clogging

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Colmatage minéral. Il existe deux risques majeurs de colmatage : le "clogging", qui est provoqué par la pénétration des particules à l'intérieur du géotextile (...) et donc réduit la perméabilité de ce dernier. (...) le "blocking", qui est l'obturation des canaux au point de passage du fluide dans le géotextile. (...) la stricte application des critères de filtration définis par les divers organismes nationaux prend en compte les effets à long terme du colmatage minéral et donc limite les risques de non-fonctionnement des réseaux de drainage.  1, record 41, French, - colmatage%20min%C3%A9ral

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'eau qui circule est chargée de particules solides en suspension, celles-ci s'accumulent sur le filtre ou au sein du filtre en réduisant progressivement la perméabilité. Le débit diminue, il y a colmatage. (...) Les risques de colmatage du filtre et du drain dépendent de la quantité de ces particules fines quittant le sol et qui est elle-même déterminée par le choix du filtre. Pour éviter le colmatage du filtre, on pourrait choisir un géotextile dont la texture serait plus serrée que le diamètre des particules fines, mais elle serait quasi imperméable et arrêterait même l'eau.  2, record 41, French, - colmatage%20min%C3%A9ral

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mineral clogging starts to develop at the interface between the geotextile(or pipe wall) and the adjacent soil. It is therefore defined as a contact process. Two clogging processes can be distinguished : contact erosion... which occurs when particles of nearly all sizes are washed out locally and contact suffosion... when only the fine particles are washed out leaving a skeleton, consisting of coarser particles, behind. In subsurface drainage systems, contact erosion should be restricted. Contact suffosion is allowed, provided however that the envelope does not clog.  1, record 42, English, - suffosion

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tassement de la surface du terrain par la lévigation (due aux eaux souterraines) des composants solubles ainsi que par le déplacement des particules colloïdales qui constituent la roche meuble.  1, record 42, French, - suffusion

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mineral clogging starts to develop at the interface between the geotextile(or pipe wall) and the adjacent soil. It is therefore defined as a contact process. Two clogging processes can be distinguished : contact erosion... which occurs when particles of nearly all sizes are washed out locally and contact suffosion... when only the fine particles are washed out leaving a skeleton, consisting of coarser particles, behind. In subsurface drainage systems, contact erosion should be restricted. Contact suffosion is allowed, provided however that the envelope does not clog.  1, record 43, English, - contact%20erosion

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Drainage piping, vent piping and fittings made of cast iron shall conform to CSA B70-1974, "Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings and Methods of Joining. "... Cast-iron fittings... for drainage purposes shall conform to... CSA B70-1974....  1, record 44, English, - cast%2Diron%20fitting

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les tuyaux d'évacuation et de ventilation ainsi que leurs raccords en fonte doivent être conformes à la norme ACNOR B70-1974 (...)  1, record 44, French, - raccord%20en%20fonte

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

raccord : Pièce, généralement de fonte ou d'acier, destinée à assurer l'assemblage de deux éléments de tuyauterie, auxquels elle est fixée par des brides ou au moyen de filetages.  2, record 44, French, - raccord%20en%20fonte

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Growing plants in artificial nutrient solutions with gravel as the medium for supporting the roots.  1, record 45, English, - gravel%20culture

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gravel culture is the most widely used commercial method of hydrophonics. The nutrient solution is stored in an external reservoir from where it is pumped into the gravel through a pipe at the end of a waterproof bed.(Hydroponics : the Gardening without Soil, Dudley Harris, Purnell, Johannesburg, 1974, p. 6).  2, record 45, English, - gravel%20culture

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il existe plusieurs termes pour désigner [la culture sans sol]; selon les matériaux et la technique utilisés, on la désigne sous le nom d'hydroponique, culture dans l'eau, culture dans le sable, culture sur scories, culture sans sol. Ce mode de culture se pratique de deux façons : soit que les racines baignent dans l'eau contenant les éléments nutritifs essentiels en solution, ou qu'elles soient soutenues par un matériau solide tel que du sable, des scories, ou du gravier. (Cultures hydroponiques ou sans sol. Ministère de l'Agriculture du Canada. Publication 1357. 1968. p. 3).  1, record 45, French, - culture%20dans%20le%20gravier

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If the critical plane settles less than the top of the pipe(...) the settlement ratio is negative; the interior prism moves downward relative to the exterior prisms; the shearing forces are directed upward, and the load is less than the weight of soil directly above the structure.  1, record 46, English, - interior%20prism

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

si le plan critique s'enfonce moins que le sommet de la conduite (...) le rapport de tassement est négatif; les prismes extérieurs se déplacent vers le haut par rapport au prisme central, les forces de cisaillement sont donc dirigées vers le haut et la charge est moindre que le poids du sol situé au-dessus de l'ouvrage.  1, record 46, French, - prisme%20central

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If the critical plane settles less than the top of the pipe(...) the settlement ratio is negative; the interior prism moves downward relative to the exterior prisms; the shearing forces are directed upward, and the load is less than the weight of soil directly above the structure.  1, record 47, English, - exterior%20prism

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

si le plan critique s'enfonce moins que le sommet de la conduite (...) le rapport de tassement est négatif; les prismes extérieurs se déplacent vers le haut par rapport au prisme central, les forces de cisaillement sont donc dirigées vers le haut et la charge est moindre que le poids du sol situé au-dessus de l'ouvrage.  1, record 47, French, - prisme%20ext%C3%A9rieur

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "uplift resistance" as used in connection with frost heaving of a chilled pipeline, is the amount of upward force required to move a pipe through the soil around it.  1, record 48, English, - uplift%20resistance

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Where difficult soil conditions, high pressures... or other conditions prevail... the Railway will require that an encasing pipe be provided to protect the embankment...(T-705, p. 10).  1, record 49, English, - casing%20pipe

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) le Chemin de fer exigera l'emploi d'un tuyau de revêtement pour protéger le remblai en cas de défaillance d'une conduite de transport.  1, record 49, French, - tuyau%20de%20rev%C3%AAtement

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

T-705F p. 10; PETO 1963, p. 362.  1, record 49, French, - tuyau%20de%20rev%C3%AAtement

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

installation of water closets. Types of connection between water closets and the plumbing drainage pipes are shown(...) The flexible(...)--is wiped into a brass ferrule which is calked into the soil pipe.  1, record 50, English, - lead%20bend

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

la tubulure de sortie de la cuvette [de W.-C.] est par ailleurs engagée dans une --.  1, record 50, French, - pipe%20en%20plomb

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish