TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It [payment under protest] often occurs [when] payment is demanded of a debtor who, although quite convinced he owes nothing, realizes that failure to pay would result in serious prejudice to himself. It was decided that, in such cases, the debtor may pay under protest, that is, execute the obligation while at the same time declaring that he owes nothing, and that such payment cannot therefore be taken as tacit or express recognition of the fact that payment is due or that the debt exists.... payment under protest brings about a shifting of the burden of proof : the right of recovery arises in favour of the payer unless the person who has received the payment proves that such payment was in fact due.  1, record 1, English, - payment%20under%20protest

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Paiement effectué par une personne qui affirme ne pas devoir la somme d'argent réclamée, et ce, afin d'éviter un préjudice comme une saisie de ses biens.  2, record 1, French, - paiement%20sous%20prot%C3%AAt

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le paiement effectué sous protêt permet d'éviter à la personne qui paie que son geste soit assimilé à une reconnaissance tacite ou expresse de l'existence d'une dette.  2, record 1, French, - paiement%20sous%20prot%C3%AAt

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A proof procedure which tells us that the program in fact produces all of the correct answers.  2, record 2, English, - completeness%20proof

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... rebuttable presumption of law means a presumption authorized by the National Defence Act, the Criminal Code or other Act of the Parliament of Canada that upon proof of a certain fact or set of facts, another fact exists, unless evidence to the degree required by law renders its existence unlikely...  1, record 3, English, - rebuttable%20presumption%20of%20law

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] présomption réfutable de droit signifie une présomption autorisée par la Loi sur la défense nationale, le Code criminel ou toute autre loi du Parlement du Canada, à l'effet que, sur preuve d'un certain fait ou d'une série de faits, un autre fait existe, à moins qu'une preuve du degré requis par la loi ne rende son existence invraisemblable [...]  1, record 3, French, - pr%C3%A9somption%20r%C3%A9futable%20de%20droit

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A false belief that is firmly maintained in spite of incontrovertible and obvious proof or evidence to the contrary and in spite of the fact that other members of the culture do not share the belief.  3, record 4, English, - delusion

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Croyance erronée fondée sur une déduction incorrecte concernant la réalité extérieure, fermement soutenue en dépit de l'opinion très généralement partagée et de tout ce qui constitue une preuve incontestable et évidente du contraire.  2, record 4, French, - id%C3%A9e%20d%C3%A9lirante

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where a witness, on cross-examination as to a "former statement" made by him relative to the subject-matter of the case and inconsistent with his present testimony, does not distinctly admit that he did make the statement, proof may be given that he did in fact make it...  1, record 5, English, - former%20statement

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si un témoin, contre-interrogé au sujet d’une «déclaration antérieure» faite par lui relativement au sujet de la cause et incompatible avec sa présente déposition, n’admet pas clairement qu’il a fait cette déclaration, il est permis de prouver qu’il l’a réellement faite.  1, record 5, French, - d%C3%A9claration%20ant%C3%A9rieure

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a criminal proceeding, the court is not required to give the trier of fact any special direction or instruction on the burden of proof in relation to circumstantial evidence.  1, record 6, English, - burden%20of%20proof%20in%20relation%20to%20circumstantial%20evidence

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En matière criminelle, le tribunal n'est pas tenu d'adresser des directives au jury relativement au fardeau de la preuve circonstancielle.  2, record 6, French, - fardeau%20de%20la%20preuve%20circonstancielle

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A local authority search is, in fact, an established and invariable part of any conveyance-a "clear search" is fundamental to proof of good title.  1, record 7, English, - local%20authority%20search

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The most common conveyancing search is the "local authority search". It is normally requisitioned by conveyancers acting on behalf of clients purchasing (or selling) property. This information is obtained from the local authority within which the property is situated.  1, record 7, English, - local%20authority%20search

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The basis of prescription is that if long enjoyment of a right is shown, the court will strive to uphold the right by presuming that it had a lawful origin. Thus the court may presume, on proof of the fact of long enjoyment, that there once was an actual grant of the right, even though it is impossible to produce any direct evidence of such a grant.  2, record 8, English, - acquisition%20by%20presumed%20grant

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Digital certificate with which access is obtained to a system for electronic commerce transactions or other secure electronic dealings.  3, record 9, English, - authentication%20certificate

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The investigation discovered that the proof of posting referred to by the Constabulary was a record of the stages through which the alleged offence passes and this is in fact an authentication certificate.  4, record 9, English, - authentication%20certificate

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La valeur juridique d'un certificat d'authenticité est comparable à celle d'un contrat. Un certificat d'authenticité engage juridiquement son auteur. Son but principal est d'apporter une garantie à l'acheteur quant à son contenu.  2, record 9, French, - certificat%20d%27authenticit%C3%A9

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The credible evidence and the record as a whole establishes preponderant proof of the following specific findings of fact.  2, record 10, English, - preponderant%20proof

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les affaires civiles (celles où, généralement, une personne réclame un montant d'argent), le degré de preuve à atteindre pour obtenir le résultat souhaité est la prépondérance. On parle donc de «preuve prépondérante» et de «prépondérance de preuve».  2, record 10, French, - preuve%20pr%C3%A9pond%C3%A9rante

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proof of certain facts and circumstances in a given case, from which(trier of fact) may infer other connected facts which usually and reasonably follow according to the common experience of mankind.(Black's, p. 221)  1, record 11, English, - circumstantial%20evidence

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

circumstantial evidence: The characterization of evidence as "direct" or "circumstantial" points to the kind of inference which is sought to be drawn from the evidence to the truth of the proposition for which it is offered. (If) the inference sought is merely from the fact that the witness made the statement, and the assumption that witnesses are worthy of belief, to the truth of the asserted fact, (t)his is direct evidence. When, however, the evidence is offered also for some further proposition based upon some inference to the truth of the fact asserted, then the evidence is circumstantial evidence of this further fact-to-be-inferred. (McCormick, p. 435)  1, record 11, English, - circumstantial%20evidence

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preuve circonstancielle; preuve indirecte : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 11, French, - preuve%20circonstancielle

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This class [presumptions of fact] is divisible into strong presumptions, or those which shift the burden of proof, and slight presumptions, which do not.(Jowitt's, p. 1418-1419)  1, record 12, English, - strong%20presumption

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

présomption forte : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 12, French, - pr%C3%A9somption%20forte

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This class [i. e. presumptions of fact] is divisible into strong presumptions, or those which shift the burden of proof, and slight presumptions, which do not.(Jowitt's pp. 1418-1419)  1, record 13, English, - slight%20presumption

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

présomption faible : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 13, French, - pr%C3%A9somption%20faible

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The logically sufficient reason for asserting to the truth of a proposition advanced. (Black’s, p. 1094).  1, record 14, English, - proof

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To urge a presumption of law in support of one's case is adducing proof, but it is not offering evidence.... Proof is the result or effect of evidence, while evidence is the medium or means by which a fact is proved or disproved.(Black's, p. 1094).  1, record 14, English, - proof

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preuve : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 14, French, - preuve

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Direct proof of the fact or point in issue; evidence which, if believed, establishes the truth or falsehood of a fact in issue and does not arise from any presumption.(Black's, p. 1046)  1, record 15, English, - positive%20evidence

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preuve positive : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 15, French, - preuve%20positive

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Negative proof... establishes the fact by showing that its opposite is not or cannot be true.(Black's, p. 1094)  1, record 16, English, - negative%20proof

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preuve négative : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 16, French, - preuve%20n%C3%A9gative

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The doctrine of "judicial notice" enables the court to accept the truth of a matter relevant to the resolution of the dispute before it without the necessity of formal proof by a party. The notice taken may be of a matter of fact or law. In general, courts will take judicial notice of any matter that is so notorious as to be common knowledge or that is clearly established or capable of demonstration by references to a readily obtainable source of indisputable accuracy.  3, record 17, English, - judicial%20notice

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

judicial notice: title of sections 17 and 18 respectively of the Canada Evidence Act, R.S.C., 1970 and 1985.  4, record 17, English, - judicial%20notice

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

connaissance d'office : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 17, French, - connaissance%20d%27office

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

documentary evidence. A type of written proof that is offered at a trial to establish the existence or nonexistence of a fact that is in dispute.  2, record 18, English, - documentary%20evidence

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Letters, contracts, deeds, licenses, certificates, tickets, or other writings are documentary evidence.  2, record 18, English, - documentary%20evidence

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Practicada mediante el análisis de documentos, cosas o instrumentos que pueden ser útiles para el esclarecimiento de los hechos objeto de la pretensión procesal.  2, record 18, Spanish, - prueba%20documental

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A formal waiver of proof that relieves an opposing party from having to prove the admitted fact and bars the party who made the admission from disputing it.  3, record 19, English, - judicial%20admission

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aveu qui est fait en présence du juge ou dans le cadre du déroulement d'un procés en cours.  2, record 19, French, - aveu%20judiciaire

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The burden of convincing the jury or the court as the trier of the issues of fact; the ultimate burden of proof.(Ballentine's)  1, record 20, English, - burden%20of%20persuasion

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

charge ultime; fardeau ultime; charge de persuasion; fardeau de persuasion : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 20, French, - charge%20ultime

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The basis of prescription is that if long enjoyment of a right is shown, the court will strive to uphold the right by presuming that it had a lawful origin. Thus the court may presume, on proof of the fact of long enjoyment that there once was an actual grant of the right, even though it is impossible to produce any direct evidence of such a grant. It is then "the habit, and in my view the duty, of the court, so far as it lawfully can, to clothe the fact with right". "The court is endowed with a great power of imagination for the purpose of supporting ancient user. "(Megarry & Wade, 4th ed., 1975, p. 841).  1, record 21, English, - ancient%20user

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

usage ancien : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 21, French, - usage%20ancien

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the fact that the onus of proof is on the claimant can appear threatening. For example, there are some situations in which the information obtained from both parties may vary. The evaluation of the credibility of the information and statements in such a case is particularly crucial. It is therefore proposed that the legislation be amended to enshrine the notion that, in such cases, the benefit of the doubt must be given to the claimant.  2, record 22, English, - benefit%20of%20the%20doubt

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le fait d'imposer le fardeau de la preuve au prestataire peut sembler menaçant. Par exemple, dans certains cas, les renseignements obtenus auprès des deux parties peuvent diverger. L'évaluation de la crédibilité des renseignements et des déclarations revêt donc une importance capitale dans un tel cas. Il est donc proposé de modifier la législation de façon à garantir clairement le bénéfice du doute au prestataire dans de tels cas.  2, record 22, French, - b%C3%A9n%C3%A9fice%20du%20doute

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A written acknowledgment of parentage that is admitted in evidence in any civil proceeding against the interest of the person making the acknowledgment is proof, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, of the fact.  1, record 23, English, - acknowledgement%20of%20parentage

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La reconnaissance écrite de filiation admise en preuve dans une instance civile contre l’intérêt de son auteur constitue la preuve, en l’absence de preuve contraire, des faits.  1, record 23, French, - reconnaissance%20de%20filiation

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Proof-The establishment of a fact by the use of evidence-Anything that can make a person believe that a fact or proposition is true or false. It is distinguishable from evidence in that proof is a broad term comprehending everything that may be adduced at a trial, whereas evidence, is a narrow term describing certain types of proof that can be admitted at trial.  2, record 24, English, - proof%20of%20the%20contrary

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The issuance of a travel document by Passport Canada based on the fact that the applicant has previously been issued an IRIS© travel document. In such a case, the applicant will not normally be required to present proof of citizenship, or obtain a guarantor  1, record 25, English, - subsequent%20IRIS%20issue

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Délivrance d'un document de voyage par Passeport Canada à partir d'un document de voyage IRIS© qui a déjà été délivré au requérant. Dans ce cas, le requérant ne sera normalement pas tenu de présenter une preuve de citoyenneté ou d'obtenir la signature d'un répondant.  1, record 25, French, - d%C3%A9livrance%20subs%C3%A9quente%20%C3%A0%20partir%20d%27IRIS

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Joinder of defendants solely to obtain venue in a jurisdiction in which the action could not otherwise be tried.  2, record 26, English, - pretensive%20joinder

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The party claiming pretensive joinder bears the burdens of persuasion and proof. There are two tests for pretensive joinder. Under the first, joinder is pretensive if the petition on its face fails to state a claim against the joined defendant. Under the second, joinder is pretensive if there is, in fact, no cause of action against the joined defendant, even though the petition on its face states a cause of action.  3, record 26, English, - pretensive%20joinder

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are also problems related to the attribution of the burden of proof and to the nature of the evidence that an administrative body with quasi-judicial functions would have to adduce to justify its decision under s. 1 in light of the fact that it is supposed to be independant of the government.  1, record 27, English, - quasi%2Djudicial%20function

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il y a aussi les difficultés liées à l'attribution du Fardeau de preuve et à la nature de la preuve que devrait présenter un organisme administratif exerçant des fonctions quasi-judiciaires pour justifier sa décision conformément à l'article premier, alors qu'il est censé être indépendant du gouvernement.  1, record 27, French, - fonction%20quasi%2Djudiciaire

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... an effect of codifying the precautionary approach in statute is to shift the burden of proof from an intervener, who opposes a proposal because it may threaten serious environmental harm, to the applicant of the proposal, who must then prove that the proposed action or activity will not in fact result in the alleged harm  2, record 28, English, - shift%20the%20burden%20of%20proof

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans l'examen de la preuve nécessaire pour déplacer le fardeau de la preuve, la cour tient compte de la connaissance que l'une ou l'autre partie peut avoir des faits qui doivent être démontrés.  2, record 28, French, - d%C3%A9placer%20le%20fardeau%20de%20la%20preuve

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a "smoking gun" is a clear, unambiguous, and unequivocal proof of a person's wrongdoing, an incontestable, indisputable fact that someone is guilty of an offense.  3, record 29, English, - smoking%20gun

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hans Blix, directeur exécutif de la Commission de contrôle, de vérification et d'inspection des Nations unies (Cocovinu), a affirmé : «Nous avons fait des fouilles qui n'ont jamais été aussi vastes, mais nous n'avons trouvé aucun pistolet fumant».  4, record 29, French, - pistolet%20fumant

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Consent or the refusal of consent should be given by legally competent individuals or authorized third parties. This may be done in writing (preferred), orally, or clearly indicated by conduct. Evidence of consent or its refusal should be clearly documented and available for audit and legal purposes.  3, record 30, English, - evidence%20of%20consent

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Consent can be oral or written. That said, however, written consent is usually preferable and is the norm in practice. It is preferable because it can be used as evidence should a dispute about consent arise in the future. It is important to note that the mere fact of a patient's signature on a consent form does not constitute proof of consent. Instead, the content of the consent form can provide an evidentiary basis for conclusions about the content of the dialogue between the health care provider and the patient.  4, record 30, English, - evidence%20of%20consent

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il ne faut pas [ ... ] confondre le consentement avec la forme sous laquelle on peut le consigner. En aucun cas, le consentement ne peut être simplement qu'une question de forme, étant avant tout une question de fond : un accord signé, sans les explications préalables y ayant mené, ne peut jamais constituer un consentement valide. Toutefois, formaliser le consentement sur papier en rend la preuve de l'obtention certainement plus aisée. Le formulaire fait donc preuve du consentement en tant que tel devant les tribunaux, mais ne fait pas preuve de l'accomplissement du devoir d'information imposé aux dentistes.  3, record 30, French, - preuve%20du%20consentement

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In general, equitable fraud requires proof of 1) a material misrepresentation of a presently existing or past fact; 2) the maker's intent that the other party relies on it; and 3) detrimental reliance by the other party.  2, record 31, English, - equitable%20fraud

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unproved assumption.  2, record 32, English, - postulate

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 DEF

That which is self-evident, possible, and necessary to the proof of a proposition; it is not contradicted by any principle of fact; it is slightly broader than premise, including constructions as well as theoretical propositions.  3, record 32, English, - postulate

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Principe d'un système déductif qu'on ne peut prendre pour fondement d'une démonstration sans l'assentiment de l'auditeur.  1, record 32, French, - postulat

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Minister's certificate.... A document purporting to have been issued by the Minister certifying the day on which the events giving rise to a claim under this section came to the knowledge of the Minister shall be received in evidence and, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, the document shall be considered as proof of that fact without proof of the signature or of the official character of the person appearing to have signed the document and without further proof.  1, record 33, English, - in%20the%20absence%20of%20any%20evidence%20to%20the%20contrary

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Statute cited: Canadian Environmental Protection Act.  2, record 33, English, - in%20the%20absence%20of%20any%20evidence%20to%20the%20contrary

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certificat du ministre. [...] Le document censé [avoir été] délivré par le ministre et attestant la date où les faits à l'origine des créances visées au présent article sont venus à sa connaissance fait foi de ce fait, en l'absence de preuve contraire, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de prouver l'authenticité de la signature qui y est apposée ou la qualité officielle du signataire.  1, record 33, French, - en%20l%27absence%20de%20preuve%20contraire

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Loi citée : Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement.  2, record 33, French, - en%20l%27absence%20de%20preuve%20contraire

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Said of a coin having a surface as flawless and brilliant, or nearly so, as a proof due to the fact that it is-one of the first coins struck with fresh, new dies;-one of the coins struck from dies originally intended for proofs, then converted to ordinary coinage; or-one of the coins deliberately struck to resemble a proof but struck only once, like an ordinary coin, a highly polished blank being struck with highly polished dies. Coins so produced are sold to collectors as above-average specimens.  1, record 34, English, - prooflike

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The practice of striking special sets of coins using this method first began in Canada in 1953. Actually, the term "proof-like" was first used by a Toronto coin dealer, James E. Charlton, around 1954, as a descriptive for what the RCM had labelled publicly as "uncirculated". Even if the term was eventually widely accepted, the Mint never adopted it and has continued to use "uncirculated".  1, record 34, English, - prooflike

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See related term: uncirculated (1949-1952).  1, record 34, English, - prooflike

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The] fact that the onus of proof is on the claimant can appear threatening. For example, there are some situations in which the information obtained from both parties may vary. The evaluation of the credibility of the information and statements in such a case is particularly crucial. It is therefore proposed that the legislation be amended to enshrine the notion that, in such cases, the benefit of the doubt must be given to the claimant.  1, record 35, English, - credibility%20of%20statements

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le] fait d'imposer le fardeau de la preuve au prestataire peut sembler menaçant. Par exemple, dans certains cas, les renseignements obtenus auprès des deux parties peuvent diverger. L'évaluation de la crédibilité des renseignements et des déclarations revêt donc une importance capitale dans un tel cas. Il est donc proposé de modifier la législation de façon à garantir clairement le bénéfice du doute au prestataire dans de tels cas.  1, record 35, French, - cr%C3%A9dibilit%C3%A9%20des%20d%C3%A9clarations

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish