TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the plaintiff suffers harm, which has two causes in fact(but-for causes) : the original wrongdoer's negligence and the intervening party's(last wrongdoer's) tort. The original wrongdoer is sometimes the sole defendant.... The question is : Under what circumstances will the last wrongdoer's intervening tort cut off the original wrongdoer's liability?  4, record 1, English, - last%20wrongdoer

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(Dangers which an occupier ought to know) implies that(the occupier) is actually under a duty of reasonable diligence to ascertain the existence of the fact in question and that he would ascertain it in proper performance of that duty.  1, record 2, English, - duty%20of%20reasonable%20diligence

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The word is used in law to denote the fact that a person dwells in a given place, or, in the case of a corporation, that its management is carried on there ... In the case of a person, residence connotes the idea of home, or at least of habitation, and need not necessarily be permanent or exclusive. The word denotes the place where an individual eats, drinks, and sleeps, or where his family or his servants eat, drink and sleep ...  6, record 3, English, - residence

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... residence... has in many instances been employed by Judges and others to denote a person's habitual physical presence in a place or country which may or may not be his home. A person may have several residences in various countries; he can have... but one domicil, which, in reality, may not be and indeed may never have been his home. The distinction between domicil and residence is largely one of mental condition or intention; domicil is generally a question of intent, while residence is entirely a question of fact.  7, record 3, English, - residence

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En droit anglais, les deux éléments caractéristiques du domicile sont la «résidence» et l'«animus manendi» [...]  4, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9sidence

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] le droit anglais appelle «residence» [...] le rattachement à un lieu déterminé d'une même zone législative.  5, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9sidence

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The permanent home of a person, or that place where a man has his true fixed and permanent home and principal establishment and to which, whenever he is absent, he has the intention of returning. It is the relation which the law creates between an individual and a particular locality or country. In order to constitute domicile, a person must not only have his permanent home in the locality but also the animus manendi, that is, the intention to make that residence his permanent one.  3, record 4, English, - domicile

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "domicil" is by no means synonymous with either "home" or "residence". Home is a natural and untechnical conception : domicil is an artificial conception, it is an idea of law... The distinction between domicil and residence is largely one of mental condition or intention; domicil is generally a question of intent, while residence is entirely a question of fact. Domicil is independent of naturalization and allegiance...  2, record 4, English, - domicile

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le domicile anglais c'est la relation entre les lois d'un pays déterminé et un individu déterminé qui se trouve rattaché à l'ensemble d'un territoire soumis au même système juridique pour des fins de droit international privé.  2, record 4, French, - domicile

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

En droit anglais, les deux éléments caractéristiques du domicile sont la «residence» et l'«animus manendi» [...]  3, record 4, French, - domicile

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lugar de residencia de la persona con carácter permanente, constituyendo su sede para la producción de efectos jurídicos.  1, record 4, Spanish, - domicilio

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 PHR

decide an issue of fact, decide an issue of law, decide a point of fact, decide a point of law, determine a question of fact, determine a question of law  5, record 5, English, - decide%20an%20issue

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 PHR

statuer sur un point de droit, statuer sur un point de fait, statuer sur une question de droit, statuer sur une question de fait, trancher un point de droit, trancher un point de fait, trancher une question de droit, trancher une question de fait  5, record 5, French, - trancher%20une%20question

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The Negligence Act of Ontario] further stipulates that "If it is not practicable to determine the respective degree of fault or negligence as between any parties to an action, such parties shall be deemed to be equally at fault or negligent. "If the action is tried by a jury, it is for them to determine the degree of fault or negligence as a question of fact. If it is a trial by judge alone, "apportionment of fault is primarily and properly a matter within the discretion of the trial judge... "(and) "except in a strong and exceptional case, an appellate Court will not feel free to substitute its apportionment of fault for that made by the trial Judge, unless there has been palpable and demonstrable error in appreciation of the legal principles to be applied or misapprehension of the facts by the trial Judge. "  1, record 6, English, - apportionment%20of%20fault

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An "issue" is a disputed point or question to which parties to an action have narrowed their several allegations and upon which they are desirous of obtaining either decision of court on question of law or of court or jury on question of fact.... A single, certain, and material point, deduced by the allegations and pleadings of the parties, which is affirmed on the one side and denied on the other.(Black's, p. 745)  2, record 7, English, - issue

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

question en litige; point en litige : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 7, French, - question%20en%20litige

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Condonation is a question of fact and is defined in Browne & Watts on Divorce, 10th ed., at p. 35, as "forgiveness of conjugal offence with the full knowledge of all the circumstances, and is a question of fact, not of law. "  3, record 8, English, - conjugal%20offence

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

faute conjugale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 8, French, - faute%20conjugale

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The question of relevancy of a fact to a given inquiry is of importance, because evidence is not admissible to prove an irrelevant fact.  1, record 9, English, - irrelevant%20fact

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Normally, a party enters into a contract with a view to obtaining the consideration provided by the other : for example, the buyer wants the goods and the seller the price. In the United States it has been said that this is essential, and that "nothing is consideration that is not regarded as such by both parties. "But English courts do not insist on this requirement and often regard an act or forbearance as the consideration for a promise even though it was not the object of the promisor to secure it. They may also regard the possibility of some prejudice to the promisee as a detriment without regard to the question whether it has in fact been suffered. These practices may be called inventing consideration...  1, record 10, English, - invented%20consideration

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The opinion in either civil or criminal proceedings of a jury, or of a judge sitting as a jury, on a question of fact. A verdict differs from a judgment in that a verdict is not a judicial determination, but rather a finding of fact, such as a finding of the guilt or innocence of the accused, or a finding that the accused is competent to stand trial.  2, record 11, English, - verdict

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Recommandation du Comité d'uniformisation des règles de procédure civile dans le cadre du PAJLO.  2, record 11, French, - verdict

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Both evolutionists and economists argue that individuals do things for the larger group only if it is also for the good of the individual. Animals rarely do selfless things for their species. And people rarely do selfless things for the good of society. But even desiccated economists had noticed the "voter paradox. "People vote in elections despite the fact that no individual can expect to influence the outcome. People give to charity. Executives work long hours on behalf of their firms. Travellers tip waiters they will never see again. Soldiers willingly risk their lives for their country. Trust, cooperation and altruism are all part of human life. They are also part of animal life. The question is how do you reconcile altruism with the invisible hand and survival of the fittest?  1, record 12, English, - voter%20paradox

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The fact that there is no constitutional text relating to this question simplifies matters; still, the nature of the consultation remains more the result of established practice than of a clear-cut interpretation.  3, record 13, English, - clear%2Dcut%20interpretation

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le fait qu'il n'existe pas de texte constitutionnel à ce sujet simplifie la question, mais la nature de cette consultation reste davantage le résultat d'une pratique que d'une interprétation nette.  2, record 13, French, - interpr%C3%A9tation%20pr%C3%A9cise

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Knowingly" or "With Knowledge" – Sometimes, knowledge of a material fact – an attendant circumstance – is a required element of an offense. A person has "knowledge" of a material fact if he is aware of the fact or he correctly believes that it exists. Most jurisdictions also permit a finding of knowledge of an attendant circumstance when the defendant is said to be guilty of "wilful blindness" or "deliberate ignorance, "i. e., if the defendant is aware of a high probability of the existence of the fact in question, and he deliberately fails to investigate in order to avoid confirmation of the fact.  2, record 14, English, - attendant%20circumstance

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Because an attempt is in its very nature an incomplete substantive offence, it will always be the case that the actus reus of the completed offence will be deficient, and sometimes this will be because an attendant circumstance is lacking.  3, record 14, English, - attendant%20circumstance

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Puisqu'une tentative est par sa nature même une infraction matérielle précise non consommée, l'actus reus de l'infraction sera toujours imparfait, et, parfois, il en sera ainsi parce que la circonstance concomitante est absente.  1, record 14, French, - circonstance%20concomitante

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pertinent; applying to the matter in question. In the law of evidence, the fact is said to be relevant if it either directly or indirectly proves or disproves a fact in issue. Evidence that is irrelevant to the matters in issue is not admissible.  2, record 15, English, - relevant%20to

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Expression employée dans l'application contextuelle da la notion de "fact relevant to an issue" et par extension, de "evidence relevant to an issue"; par ex., "this fact (ou this evidence) is relevant to consent".  1, record 15, French, - connexe%20%C3%A0

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

connexe à : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 15, French, - connexe%20%C3%A0

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That which directly establishes the fact in question.(Black's, p. 1094)  1, record 16, English, - positive%20proof

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preuve positive : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 16, French, - preuve%20positive

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The court may obtain the assistance of merchants, engineers... to enable it to determine any matter of fact in question in any cause or proceeding....(Ontario Supreme Court Rules of Practice, R. 267(1]  1, record 17, English, - matter%20of%20fact

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

question de fait : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 17, French, - question%20de%20fait

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This discretion is itself broadly phrased so as to include any case with respect to which “... the Supreme Court is of the opinion that any question involved therein is, by reason of its public importance or the importance of any issue of law or any issue of mixed law and fact involved in such question, one that ought to be decided by the Supreme Court or is, for any other reason, of such a nature or significance as to warrant decision by it.... ”  2, record 18, English, - issue%20of%20mixed%20law%20and%20fact

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ce pouvoir discrétionnaire est lui‑même formulé en termes généraux de manière à inclure toute affaire à l’égard de laquelle «[...] la Cour suprême estime, étant donné l’importance de l’affaire pour le public, l’importance des questions de droit ou des questions mixtes de droit et de fait qu’elle comporte, ou sa nature ou son importance à tout autre égard, qu’elle devrait en être saisie [...]»  2, record 18, French, - question%20mixte%20de%20droit%20et%20de%20fait

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ruling by trial judge that trier of fact, judge or jury, may consider testimony or document or other thing(real evidence) in determining ultimate question.(Black's law dictionary, 6e ed., p. 17)  1, record 19, English, - admission

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

admission : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 19, French, - admission

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An owner seeking to establish rights as a riparian owner in respect of navigable waters must establish not only that the waters in question were navigable in the sense in which that quality is to be found in order to confer riparian rights of the kind claimed, but also that his property did in fact border upon the waters. One whose land is separated from navigable water by marshy ground is not a riparian owner in respect of the navigable water....("Words and Phrases/Canada", 3rd ed., 1979, Vol. 4, p. 102).  1, record 20, English, - riparian%20owner

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

propriétaire riverain : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 20, French, - propri%C3%A9taire%20riverain

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The bailee who has received a gratuitous loan of chattels("commodatum") is, we are told, liable for slight negligence... Whether a bailee is a gratuitous bailee is a question of fact.(Crossley Vaines, 5th ed., 1973, p. 95)  1, record 21, English, - gratuitous%20bailee

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

baillaire à titre gratuit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 21, French, - baillaire%20%C3%A0%20titre%20gratuit

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Delivery may be absolute or conditional and if the latter, it will be said to be delivery "in escrow" if the deed is to be held by someone not a party to it until some condition is performed by the party to be benefitted by the deed and upon fulfilment to take effect. (Lamont, "Real Estate Conveyancing", 1976, p. 85).  1, record 22, English, - delivery%20in%20escrow

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Under the old law, a deed could not be delivered, as an escrow, direct to the grantee. Delivery in escrow was made to a third party-the first delivery-and, upon the fulfilment of the condition, the third party would deliver the deed to the grantee-the second delivery. It seems that the old law no longer applies. The more modern approach is to treat the question as one of fact; even where there is delivery to the grantee, the intention of the parties must be ascertained, from the transaction as a whole, as to whether the delivery was absolute or conditional.(Mendes da Costa and Balfour, p. 401)  1, record 22, English, - delivery%20in%20escrow

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le syntagme verbal correspondant «deliver in escrow» peut se rendre en français par «délivrer sous condition».  1, record 22, French, - d%C3%A9livrance%20sous%20condition

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

délivrance sous condition : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 22, French, - d%C3%A9livrance%20sous%20condition

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term "domestic animals" includes all those domestic or tame animals as by habit or training live in association with man. An animal which does not exist in a wild state anywhere in the world is in law a domestic animal. It is a question of law, not fact, whether an animal is within the class of domestic animals or wild animals.(2 Hals., 4th, p. 85-86)  2, record 23, English, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The common law divided animals into two main groups, "domitae naturae", or domestic, and "ferae naturae", or wild. Domestic animals were treated the same as ordinary chattels and one might have an absolute property in them, but live, wild animals were subject only to a qualified or defeasible property right, dependent upon actual physical control or possession ... (Fryer, 3rd ed., 1938, pp. 53-4).  2, record 23, English, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En common law, les animaux domestiques font l'objet d'une propriété absolue, au même titre que s'il s'agissait d'objets inanimés.  3, record 23, French, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

animal domestique; animal domitae naturae : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  4, record 23, French, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

instruction which is geared to the individual student’s competence and aptitude (rather than those of a hypothetical average student in a group.  7, record 24, English, - individualized%20instruction

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Instruction tailored to the needs of individual students and situations.  2, record 24, English, - individualized%20instruction

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Individualised instruction" is now in fashion : The practical consequence of the fact of individual differences is that every general law of teaching has to be applied with consideration of the particular person in question.  7, record 24, English, - individualized%20instruction

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Can the software offer individualised instruction?  8, record 24, English, - individualized%20instruction

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enseignement donné selon les principes d'individualisation du travail.  4, record 24, French, - enseignement%20individualis%C3%A9

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] l'individualisation de l'enseignement [...] Sans un enseignement individualisé, l'élève lent peut être frustré et l'élève doué devenir mentalement paresseux. Si les outils éducatifs sont suffisamment diversifiés, les élèves qui apprennent à un rythme différent peuvent avoir une partie de l'enseignement adaptée à leur niveau, même s'il y a beaucoup d'enfants dans chaque classe [...]  5, record 24, French, - enseignement%20individualis%C3%A9

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The cases make clear that whether or not parties are bound immediately by an informal oral agreement is a question of fact to be determined in each case. If the evidence indicates that the execution of a formal contract is a condition of the bargain, then the informal agreement is merely "a contract to make a contract, "and is not binding on the parties until the formal execution of an agreement. On the other hand, if the evidence indicates that the execution of a formal contract is merely the expression of the already complete and binding contract, then the informal agreement is binding and the formal documentation need not be completed.  2, record 25, English, - informal%20agreement

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Generic term for "simple agreement" and "agreement by parol"; "parol agreement."  3, record 25, English, - informal%20agreement

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme générique par rapport à «convention nue» et «convention non formaliste».  1, record 25, French, - convention%20non%20solennelle

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

convention non solennelle : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 25, French, - convention%20non%20solennelle

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A mixed question of law and fact occurs when the facts are established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the legal rule. The term ’mixed question of law and fact’ refers to questions about the application of a rule or standard to the particular facts of the case.  4, record 26, English, - mixed%20question%20of%20law%20and%20fact

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An offender who is found to be a dangerous offender under this Part may appeal to the court of appeal against that finding on any ground of law or fact or mixed law and fact.  3, record 26, English, - mixed%20question%20of%20law%20and%20fact

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le délinquant déclaré délinquant dangereux sous l'autorité de la présente partie peut interjeter appel d'une telle déclaration à la cour d'appel sur toute question de droit ou de fait ou toute question mixte de droit et de fait.  2, record 26, French, - question%20mixte%20de%20droit%20et%20de%20fait

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

They may use it to question witnesses, but also to make findings of fact and to support inferences from evidence they find credible, for example to conclude that trauma of a certain kind can be expected to flow from a sexual assault on a child.  1, record 27, English, - inference%20from%20evidence

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ils peuvent l'utiliser pour interroger les témoins, mais également pour tirer des conclusions de fait et soutenir les inférences de la preuve qu'ils trouvent crédible, par exemple pour conclure que des traumatismes d'un certain genre peuvent découler d'une agression sexuelle subie par un enfant.  1, record 27, French, - inf%C3%A9rence%20de%20la%20preuve

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In Law, the Supreme Court held that the fact that the purpose of a legislative provision is to improve the situation of a minority or a disadvantaged group is a factor that tends to demonstrate that the provision in question is not substantively discriminatory.  2, record 28, English, - disadvantaged%20group

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La Cour suprême, dans l'arrêt Law, a statué que le fait qu'une mesure législative ait pour but d'améliorer la situation d'une minorité ou d'un groupe défavorisé constitue un facteur qui tend à démontrer que la mesure en question n'est pas substantiellement discriminatoire.  2, record 28, French, - groupe%20d%C3%A9favoris%C3%A9

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The fact remains however that the absence of any opportunity to cross‑examine [the witness] has a bearing on the question of reliability.  1, record 29, English, - question%20of%20reliability

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il reste toutefois que l’absence de possibilité de contre‑interroger [le témoin] a une incidence sur la question de la fiabilité.  1, record 29, French, - question%20de%20fiabilit%C3%A9

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where the communication is susceptible of both a defamatory and non-defamatory meaning, a question of fact exists for the jury.  2, record 30, English, - non%2Ddefamatory

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

MSN 1858 Flight Hour Recorder Inspections: 12 Month Inspection c/w June 2007.  5, record 31, English, - complied%20with

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Altimeter: Aerosonic encoding / Collins ALI-80A encoding. ... Inspection: RVSM SB c/w as reported 03/17/08. Phase 4 inspection scheduled to be c/w 05/08.  6, record 31, English, - complied%20with

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 3 CONT

67-12-06 Inspect tubes for internal corrosion/PCW [previously complied with].... there are two very comprehensive AD [airworthiness directive] listings pertaining to this aircraft generated by a repair station; one is dated 2004 and the other 2005. Both refer to AD 67-12-06 as having been "complied with, "the compliance date being given as 6/26/67. Now the question is : What does C/W mean? We all know that this common abbreviation stands for the words "complied with. "However, even if written out, these words do not in any way indicate how the requirements of an AD were in fact complied with, or exactly which requirements of the AD were met if more than one possible action is specified in the AD instructions.  4, record 31, English, - complied%20with

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'inspection aux 12 mois a été réalisée comme il se doit en juin 2007.  1, record 31, French, - r%C3%A9alis%C3%A9%20comme%20il%20se%20doit

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'expression anglaise «complied with» signifie que l'action a été réalisée conformément aux directives en vigueur. Le verbe «to comply with (regulations, requirements, rules, standards)» peut se rendre en français par «respecter (des exigences, des normes, un règlement)», «se conformer (à des règles)». «observer (une loi, des règlements, des exigences)», «remplir (des conditions)».  2, record 31, French, - r%C3%A9alis%C3%A9%20comme%20il%20se%20doit

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Force used that exceeds what reasonably appears to be necessary to beat off an attack. This is a question of fact and depends on such variable factors as the degree of violence offered, the nature of the weapons used by the assailant or his previous conduct and reputation for violence.  1, record 32, English, - excessive%20force

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A defendant who is liable because he has used excessive force may, of course, have a counter-claim against the plaintiff for his initial attack and thus scale down the latter’s recovery.  1, record 32, English, - excessive%20force

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Determination of refugee status is a process which takes place in two stages. Firstly, it is necessary to ascertain the relevant facts of the case. Secondly, the definitions in the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol have to be applied to the facts thus ascertained.  5, record 33, English, - determination%20of%20refugee%20status

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Due to the fact that the [determination of refugee status] is not specifically regulated by the 1951 Convention, procedures adopted by States parties to the 1951 Convention and to the 1967 Protocol vary considerably. In a number of countries, refugee status is determined under formal procedures specifically established for this purpose. In other countries, the question of refugee status is considered within the framework of general procedures for the admission of aliens. In yet other countries, refugee status is determined under informal arrangements, or ad hoc for specific purposes, such as the issuance of travel documents.  5, record 33, English, - determination%20of%20refugee%20status

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

determination of refugee status; refugee status determination; refugee determination: Terminology used by Citizenship and Immigration Canada.  6, record 33, English, - determination%20of%20refugee%20status

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 3 OBS

determination of refugee status; refugee status determination; RSD: Terminology used by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.  7, record 33, English, - determination%20of%20refugee%20status

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

reconnaissance du statut de réfugié; détermination du statut de réfugié : Terminologie employée par Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada.  4, record 33, French, - reconnaissance%20du%20statut%20de%20r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

détermination du statut de réfugié; DSR : Terminologie employée par le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés.  5, record 33, French, - reconnaissance%20du%20statut%20de%20r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La determinación de la condición de refugiado es un proceso que se desarrolla en dos etapas. En primer lugar, es necesario comprobar los hechos que son del caso. En segundo lugar, es preciso aplicar las definiciones de la Convención de 1951 y del Protocolo de 1967 a los hechos así comprobados.  3, record 33, Spanish, - determinaci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20condici%C3%B3n%20de%20refugiado

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Como la cuestión [de la determinación de la condición de refugiado] no está regulada expresamente en la Convención de 1951, los procedimientos adoptados por los Estados partes en la Convención de 1951 y en el Protocolo de 1967 varían considerablemente. En varios países, la condición de refugiado se determina con arreglo a procedimientos formales expresamente establecidos con este fin. En otros países, la cuestión de la condición de refugiado se trata dentro del marco del procedimiento general aplicable a la admisión de extranjeros. Por último, en otros países la condición de refugiado se determina en virtud de medidas oficiosas o especiales, para determinados efectos, tales como la expedición de documentos de viaje.  3, record 33, Spanish, - determinaci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20condici%C3%B3n%20de%20refugiado

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

determinación de la condición de refugiado; DCR; determinación del estatuto de refugiado: Terminología utilizada por el Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados.  4, record 33, Spanish, - determinaci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20condici%C3%B3n%20de%20refugiado

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The optional joinder of parties if (1) their claims or the claims asserted against them are asserted jointly, severally, or in respect of the same transaction or occurrence, and (2) any legal or factual question common to all of them will arise.  2, record 34, English, - permissive%20joinder

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Permissive joinder. All persons may join in one action as plaintiffs if they assert any right to relief jointly, severally, or in the alternative in respect of or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences and if any question of law or fact common to all these persons will arise in the action.  3, record 34, English, - permissive%20joinder

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An act by which a person receives the property of another, binding himself to preserve it and return it in kind. (Black’s, 5th ed., 1979, p. 394).  2, record 35, English, - deposit

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where a person provides, expressly or by implied invitation, accommodation for the deposit of goods it is a question of fact whether in all the circumstances the deposit amounts to bailment.(Crossley Vaines, 5th ed., 1973, p. 79).  2, record 35, English, - deposit

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dépôt : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 35, French, - d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Contrato civil por el cual una persona, el depositante, entrega a otra, depositario, una cosa mueble para que la guarde hasta que aquélla le reclame su devolución, sin que el depositario tenga ningún derecho de uso y disfrute sobre la cosa depositada. Puede o no incorporar el pago de precio por el depositante.  1, record 35, Spanish, - dep%C3%B3sito

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We have observed that in one particular "off-shore" case brought to our attention, a most qualified applicant will have incurred an outrageous delay of 10 months to interview, primarily due to the fact that the visa office in question, has unilaterally decided to extend preference to local cases and place offshore cases on a deterrent minded waiting list.  2, record 36, English, - off%2Dshore%20case

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il s'agit en fait d'une personne qui présente une demande d'immigration à l'étranger, mais qui ne réside habituellement pas dans le pays où elle présente sa demande.  1, record 36, French, - cas%20de%20non%2Dr%C3%A9sident

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

issue of fact: terminology used by Citizenship and Immigration Canada.  3, record 37, English, - issue%20of%20fact

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 OBS

question of fact : terminology used by Citizenship and Immigration Canada and the Immigration and Refugee Board(IRB).  3, record 37, English, - issue%20of%20fact

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terminologie employée par Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada et la Commission de l'immigration et du statut de réfugié (CISR).  2, record 37, French, - question%20de%20fait

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... there is an urgent need for a legally-constituted law-making body i.e. a World Parliament, for enacting enforceable International Laws that are applicable on all the countries and the peoples of the world.  2, record 38, English, - enforceable%20international%20law

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The broad, binding effect of customary international law, coupled with the reality that such law can be created by the simple repetition of language at various UN meetings, raises a vital question :"At what point does a ’nonbinding agreement’ turn into an international agreement, a promise into a unilateral act, fact into custom?"(12) While no precise answer is possible, a general rule can be stated : previously non-binding norms become enforceable international law when(in the capacious words of one scholar) they have been repeated "with sufficient frequency.  3, record 38, English, - enforceable%20international%20law

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit positif : ensemble des règles de droit en vigueur dans un pays à un moment donné (opposé à droit naturel).  2, record 38, French, - droit%20international%20positif

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La] Déclaration sur les Règles de droit international humanitaire relatives à la conduite des hostilités dans les conflits armés non internationaux [...] présente les principes et règles que l'Institut international de droit humanitaire, réuni à Taormina le 7 avril 1990, a identifiés en tant que droit international positif ou droit international en formation.  3, record 38, French, - droit%20international%20positif

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[L'expression anglaise «enforceable international law» peut aussi se traduire par l'expression explicative suivante :] règles de droit international assorties de moyens d'en assurer l'application.  4, record 38, French, - droit%20international%20positif

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Normas de derecho internacional con mecanismo de aplicación.  1, record 38, Spanish, - derecho%20internacional%20positivo

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There is one other indicator that the earth is rotating in space. The fact that low pressure regions spin with an anticlockwise motion in the Southern hemisphere, yet in the Northern hemisphere(the high pressure regions) spin with an anticlockwise motion and vice versa raises the question as to what force is being exerted on these winds. Studies of rotating bodies show there is an apparent Coriolis acceleration, which acts sideways on moving objects. Only a Coriolis type acceleration seems to explain the earth's winds and this could only occur if the earth rotates. The fact that the wind direction is always constant is evidence of the earth's consistent rotation.  2, record 39, English, - apparent%20Coriolis%20acceleration

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Coriolis (Gustave Gaspard). Ingénieur et mathématicien français [...]. Il a montré, en 1835, que l'expression de l'accélération d'un mobile dans un référentiel donné, en fonction de son accélération dans un second référentiel en rotation par rapport au premier, fait intervenir une accélération complémentaire (appelée aujourd'hui «accélération de Coriolis»), perpendiculaire à la vitesse du mobile dans le second référentiel. C'est ainsi que tous les corps en mouvement à la surface de la Terre sont soumis à une force déviatrice, produite par l'accélération complémentaire due à la rotation terrestre.  2, record 39, French, - acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9ration%20apparente%20de%20Coriolis

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In matches where an Umpire is appointed, his decision shall be final; but where a Referee is appointed, an appeal shall lie to him from the decision of an Umpire on a question of law, and in all such cases the decision of the Referee shall be final. In matches where assistants to the Umpire are appointed(Linesmen, Netcord Judges, Foot-fault Judges) their decisions shall be final on questions of fact except that if in the opinion of an Umpire a clear mistake has been made he shall have the right to change the decision of an assistant or order a let to be played.  2, record 40, English, - question%20of%20fact

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quand il y a un arbitre, ses décisions sont finales; quand il y a un juge-arbitre, il a le pouvoir d'entendre les appels sur les décisions des arbitres qui impliquent des questions de droit, c'est-à-dire d'interprétation des règlements. La décision du juge-arbitre est alors finale. Quand il y a des adjoints à l'arbitre (juges de lignes, juge de filet, juges de fautes de pied), leurs décisions sont finales sur les questions de fait, c'est-à-dire de jugement, sauf si l'arbitre estime qu'une erreur manifeste a été commise.  1, record 40, French, - question%20de%20fait

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[Les décisions de l'arbitre] sont sans appel sur la matérialité des faits mais il ne peut modifier celle des juges de ligne.  2, record 40, French, - question%20de%20fait

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Adopting the standard of the "right-thinking" man, the question becomes, not what most people in fact think of informers, but what they should think.  2, record 41, English, - standard%20of%20the%20right%2Dthinking%20person

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This is of course the case if p is the expectation of a Gaussian variable, but Poincaré gives a more general solution, now called Gibbs distribution. This fact was rediscovered independently by Szilard in 1925. Then, around 1935, Koopman, Pitman, and Darmois asked the same question concerning the most general estimation procedure, without being restricted to maximum likelihood. This property of the Gibbs distribution, called sufficiency by statisticians, plays a central role in the Szilard-Mandelbrot axiomatic presentation of statistical thermodynamics....  1, record 42, English, - Gibbs%20distribution

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice depends upon a prior declaration of acceptance under Article 36(2) of the Statute, which reads :"The states parties to the present Statute may at any time declare that they recognize as compulsory ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any other state accepting the same obligation, the jurisdiction of the Court in all legal disputes concerning : a) the interpretation of a treaty; b) any question of international law; c) the existence of any fact which, if established, would constitute a breach of an international obligation; d) the nature or extent of the reparation to be made for the breach of an international obligation. "Although this jurisdiction is generally referred to as "compulsory"..., it is only compulsory once the declaration is made and within the limits of that declaration.  2, record 43, English, - compulsory%20jurisdiction

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La compétence de la CIJ [Cour internationale de Justice] est définie à l'Article 36, par. 1 et 2 du Statut de la Cour, comme suit : 1) La compétence de la Cour s'étend à toutes les affaires que les parties lui soumettront, ainsi qu'à tous les cas spécialement prévus dans la Charte des Nations Unies ou dans les traités et conventions en vigueur.  1, record 43, French, - juridiction%20obligatoire

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Reproduit de la Liste provisoire de termes juridiques se rapportant aux travaux de la Commission du droit international avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  2, record 43, French, - juridiction%20obligatoire

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 3 OBS

La juridiction ou compétence obligatoire est exercée non pas par arbitrage mais par une juridiction internationale comme la C.I.J.  2, record 43, French, - juridiction%20obligatoire

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The question of circular definition and uniqueness of definition is not a problem of the lexicographers as long as it is understandable what is meant by a particular notion. The terminologist is interested in the uniqueness of definition and as a matter of fact discourages circular definition to provide a sort of axiomatic system. He has to make sure that two different terms can be clearly distinguished from each other if and only if they are not synonyms; and if they are synonyms a terminologist will try to encourage discontinuing the use of one of those terms.  1, record 44, English, - circular%20definition

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

La définition sert à expliquer une notion; elle doit pour ce faire s'appuyer sur d'autres notions déjà connues. Est donc fautive une définition qui dans les faits s'appuie sur elle-même, car on s'y sert, de façon plus ou moins explicite et plus ou moins directe, de la notion à définir... pour la définir. On comprend bien qu'ainsi on n'explique pas vraiment. Comme l'intelligence semble alors tourner en rond, une telle définition est dite circulaire.  1, record 44, French, - d%C3%A9finition%20circulaire

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The equality of states is a general principle of international law. It is a necessary corollary of the concepts of sovereignty and independence of states. However, it is only the legal equality, or equality before the law, which is in question. States are of course not equal in fact. The general consequence is that each state is entitled to equal treatment under the law.  1, record 45, English, - equality%20of%20states

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Expression employée pour énoncer l'idée qu'en vertu du droit des gens et sous réserve des obligations conventionnelles qu'ils auraient acceptées, les États ont tous la même aptitude, d'une part à acquérir et exercer des droits, d'autre part à assumer et exécuter des obligations.  1, record 45, French, - %C3%A9galit%C3%A9%20des%20%C3%89tats

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In matches where an Umpire is appointed, his decision shall be final; but where a Referee is appointed, an appeal shall lie to him from the decision of an Umpire on a question of law, and in all such cases the decision of the Referee shall be final. In matches where assistants to the Umpire are appointed(Linesmen, Netcord Judges, Foot-fault Judges) their decisions shall be final on questions of fact except that if in the opinion of an Umpire a clear mistake has been made he shall have the right to change the decision of an assistant or order a let to be played.  1, record 46, English, - question%20of%20law

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quand il y a un arbitre, ses décisions sont finales; quand il y a un juge-arbitre, il a le pouvoir d'entendre les appels sur les décisions des arbitres qui impliquent des questions de droit, c'est-à-dire d'interprétation des règlements. La décision du juge-arbitre est alors finale. Quand il y a des adjoints à l'arbitre (juges de lignes, juge de filet, juges de fautes de pied), leurs décisions sont finales sur les questions de fait, c'est-à-dire de jugement, sauf si l'arbitre estime qu'une erreur manifeste a été commise.  2, record 46, French, - point%20de%20droit

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lorsqu'un juge-arbitre a été désigné, appel peut être interjeté devant lui sur un point de droit.  1, record 46, French, - point%20de%20droit

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En los encuentros dirigidos por un juez de silla, la decisión de éste es inapelable. Pero cuando exista también un juez-árbitro, se podrá recurrir a él para la resolución de un punto de derecho. En este caso, la decisión del juez-árbitro es definitiva.  1, record 46, Spanish, - punto%20de%20derecho

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Any dispute between the parties hereto on any question of law or fact arising out of this Agreement shall be submitted to and determined by the Federal Court of Canada pursuant to the Federal Court Act of Canada.  1, record 47, English, - submitted%20to%20and%20determined%20by

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La Cour fédérale du Canada est seule compétente pour connaître de tout différend entre les parties sur une question de droit ou de fait découlant de la présente entente-cadre, en conformité avec la Loi sur la Cour fédérale du Canada.  1, record 47, French, - seule%20comp%C3%A9tente

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A comment is a statement of opinion on facts.  2, record 48, English, - statement%20of%20opinion

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Not only statements of intention, but also statements of opinion, know to be false, may be actionable as deceit, because "the existence of the opinion in the person stating it is a question of fact. It is true that, where the facts are equally well known to both parties, a false opinion expressed thereon by one does not give a cause for complaint to the other. The real explanation for this, however, is not that a statement of opinion is not a statement of fact about the condition of one's mind, but that the parties, bargaining at arm's length, are assumed to be competent to draw their own conclusions.  1, record 48, English, - statement%20of%20opinion

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

statement of opinion: Par opposition à "statement of fact".  3, record 48, English, - statement%20of%20opinion

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A reasoning system based on the assumption that once a fact is determined it cannot be altered during the course of the reasoning process. MYCIN is a monotonic system; and, thus, once the user has answered a question, the system assumes that the answer will remain the same throughout the session. Given the brief duration of most MYCIN sessions, this is a reasonable assumption.  1, record 49, English, - monotonic%20reasoning

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Alors que le raisonnement logique ordinaire est "monotone" (lorsque des informations nouvelles arrivent, il est possible d'en déduire de nouvelles conséquences, mais pas de remettre l'acquis en cause), le raisonnement usuel tolère souvent des conclusions "par défaut".  2, record 49, French, - raisonnement%20monotone

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish