TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Conclusion of Treaties. Under this head, a number of problems call for examination : the treaty-making power in international law; the form of treaties; the significance of signature and ratification; the meaning and admissibility of reservations; the registration of treaties; the problems arising from defects in the formation of the joint will; and, finally, the question of treaty languages.  1, record 1, English, - conclusion

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Traditionnellement, la conclusion comportait la négociation, la signature, la ratification et l'échange ou le dépôt des instruments de ratification, opérations auxquelles il convient d'ajouter, depuis l'entrée en vigueur du Pacte de la Société des Nations, l'enregistrement, puis sur le plan du droit interne, la publication [...]  1, record 1, French, - conclusion

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El procedimiento formal que debe seguirse para la conclusión de los tratados, (que puede confundirse con los denominados requisitos de forma), está conformado por tres fases o etapas fundamentales: la negociación, la firma, y la ratificación.  1, record 1, Spanish, - conclusi%C3%B3n

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The permanent home of a person, or that place where a man has his true fixed and permanent home and principal establishment and to which, whenever he is absent, he has the intention of returning. It is the relation which the law creates between an individual and a particular locality or country. In order to constitute domicile, a person must not only have his permanent home in the locality but also the animus manendi, that is, the intention to make that residence his permanent one.  3, record 2, English, - domicile

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "domicil" is by no means synonymous with either "home" or "residence". Home is a natural and untechnical conception : domicil is an artificial conception, it is an idea of law... The distinction between domicil and residence is largely one of mental condition or intention; domicil is generally a question of intent, while residence is entirely a question of fact. Domicil is independent of naturalization and allegiance...  2, record 2, English, - domicile

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le domicile anglais c'est la relation entre les lois d'un pays déterminé et un individu déterminé qui se trouve rattaché à l'ensemble d'un territoire soumis au même système juridique pour des fins de droit international privé.  2, record 2, French, - domicile

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

En droit anglais, les deux éléments caractéristiques du domicile sont la «residence» et l'«animus manendi» [...]  3, record 2, French, - domicile

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lugar de residencia de la persona con carácter permanente, constituyendo su sede para la producción de efectos jurídicos.  1, record 2, Spanish, - domicilio

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 PHR

decide an issue of fact, decide an issue of law, decide a point of fact, decide a point of law, determine a question of fact, determine a question of law  5, record 3, English, - decide%20an%20issue

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 PHR

statuer sur un point de droit, statuer sur un point de fait, statuer sur une question de droit, statuer sur une question de fait, trancher un point de droit, trancher un point de fait, trancher une question de droit, trancher une question de fait  5, record 3, French, - trancher%20une%20question

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Construction of the promise of the patent is a question of law.  1, record 4, English, - promise%20of%20the%20patent

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L’interprétation de la promesse du brevet est une question de droit.  1, record 4, French, - promesse%20du%20brevet

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

promesse du brevet : terme tiré du Mini-lexique de la propriété intellectuelle, particulièrement les brevets et les marques de commerce et reproduit avec l'autorisation du Centre de ressources en français juridique de l'Université de Saint-Boniface.  2, record 4, French, - promesse%20du%20brevet

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Choice of Law. The choice of law rules... may vary according to whether the property of the deceased consisted of immovables or movables.... At common law the question whether particular property is a movable or an immovable is decided by the lex situs.  2, record 5, English, - choice%20of%20law

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[En droit international privé] non seulement la question du choix de la loi applicable passe après celle de la détermination de la compétence judiciaire mais le choix de la loi applicable ne peut venir en discussion que parce que la compétence a été préalablement fixée en faveur du tribunal devant lequel le litige est porté.  1, record 5, French, - choix%20de%20la%20loi%20applicable

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the most influential articles in contract damage law... uses the term "incidental" to refer to the collateral expenses a contracting party incurs in order to enhance the profit he will make from the contract in question. Lon Fuller and William Perdue refer to these collateral expenses as "incidental reliance. "  2, record 6, English, - incidental%20reliance

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'équivalent «créance accessoire» est un néologisme.  2, record 6, French, - cr%C3%A9ance%20accessoire

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

créance accessoire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 6, French, - cr%C3%A9ance%20accessoire

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The classical pronouncement of a general formula for "duty" is Lord Atkin's... "neighbour test" in Donoghue v. Stevenson :... You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who then, in law, is my neighbour? The answer seems to be-persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question.  2, record 7, English, - neighbour

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Technical sense.  3, record 7, English, - neighbour

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prochain : : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 7, French, - prochain

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The classical pronouncement of a general formula for "duty" is Lord Atkin's... "neighbour test" in Donoghue v. Stevenson :... You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who then, in law, is my neighbour? The answer seems to be-persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question.  2, record 8, English, - neighbour%20test

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

critère du prochain : : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO). 2  2, record 8, French, - crit%C3%A8re%20du%20prochain

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Neighbour Principle... "The rule that you are to love your neighbour becomes in law you must not injure your neighbour; and the lawyer's question, Who is my neighbour? receives a restricted reply. You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who, then, in law, is my neighbour? The answer seems to be-persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question. "  2, record 9, English, - neighbour%20principle

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le principe du "prochain" [...] "En droit, l'équivalent de la règle voulant que l'on aime son prochain est qu'il ne faut pas causer de préjudice à celui-ci. Et la question que se pose l'avocat de savoir qui est le prochain reçoit une réponse restrictive. Il faut exercer une prudence raisonnable pour éviter les actions ou les omissions qui, selon ce que nous pouvons raisonnablement prévoir, sont susceptibles de causer un dommage à notre prochain. À la question de savoir qui donc, au regard de la loi, est mon prochain, il semble que la réponse soit celle-ci : les personnes que mon acte touche si directement que je devrais raisonnablement envisager que l'action ou l'omission considérée est susceptible de les toucher ainsi."  2, record 9, French, - principe%20du%20prochain

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

principe du prochain : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 9, French, - principe%20du%20prochain

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Value is often used as an abbreviation for "valuable consideration," especially in the phrases "purchaser for value," "holder for value," etc. (Jowitt’s, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1849).  2, record 10, English, - for%20value

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Value may consist of spiritual or aesthetic qualities, or in utility in use, or in the amount of money or other goods which could be obtained in exchange for the thing in question. In legal contexts, the last is the sense usually relevant, in such phrases as "holder for value" or "purchaser for value, "in each of which "value" means "having paid a reasonable equivalent in money. "[Oxford Companion to Law, 1980, p. 1270].  2, record 10, English, - for%20value

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce syntagme figure dans diverses expressions telles que «purchaser for valuable consideration, bailment for valuable consideration», etc., et s'oppose aux adjectifs «gratuitous» et «voluntary» rendus par «à titre gratuit» ou «gratuit».  2, record 10, French, - %C3%A0%20titre%20on%C3%A9reux

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On veillera à éviter l'emploi de la locution «contre valeur» qui est un calque de l'anglais.  2, record 10, French, - %C3%A0%20titre%20on%C3%A9reux

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 OBS

à titre onéreux : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 10, French, - %C3%A0%20titre%20on%C3%A9reux

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the absence of specific legislative authority to determine a question of law does not mean the tribunal is barred from considering the Charter.  2, record 11, English, - determine%20a%20question%20of%20law

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Court may, upon application, if it deems it expedient so to do, determine any question of law that may be relevant to the decision of a matter... and any such(a) determination shall be final and conclusive for the purposes of the action subject to being varied upon appeal.  3, record 11, English, - determine%20a%20question%20of%20law

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La Cour pourra, sur demande, si elle juge opportun de le faire, a) statuer sur un point de droit qui peut être pertinent pour la décision d'une question [...] et une telle décision est finale et péremptoire aux fins de l'action sous réserve de modification en appel.  4, record 11, French, - trancher%20sur%20un%20point%20de%20droit

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A question of law was tried without pleadings or admissions, and without a special case, upon the documents in an action on a Policy of insurance on chartered freight....  2, record 12, English, - charterhire

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

This remuneration is called the "freight" or, in the case of charter-parties, "charter hire" and sometimes "chartered freight."  3, record 12, English, - charterhire

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The question is... whether the husband has a right at law to recover for an impairment of consortium as opposed to a complete loss of consortium.  2, record 13, English, - impairment%20of%20consortium

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

détérioration du consortium : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 13, French, - d%C3%A9t%C3%A9rioration%20du%20consortium

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An "issue" is a disputed point or question to which parties to an action have narrowed their several allegations and upon which they are desirous of obtaining either decision of court on question of law or of court or jury on question of fact.... A single, certain, and material point, deduced by the allegations and pleadings of the parties, which is affirmed on the one side and denied on the other.(Black's, p. 745)  2, record 14, English, - issue

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

question en litige; point en litige : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 14, French, - question%20en%20litige

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Condonation is a question of fact and is defined in Browne & Watts on Divorce, 10th ed., at p. 35, as "forgiveness of conjugal offence with the full knowledge of all the circumstances, and is a question of fact, not of law. "  3, record 15, English, - conjugal%20offence

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

faute conjugale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 15, French, - faute%20conjugale

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The executor must not unreasonably delay in getting in the assets and settling the affairs of the estate and he will be personally liable for any loss occasioned by undue delay. There is no hard-and-fast rule as to what constitutes undue or unreasonable delay, but it is the practice to speak of the executor's or administrator's year and the Courts attach importance to the question whether the alleged failure to convert or realize assets which resulted in the loss to the estate occurred within or beyond a year. [Feeney, "The Canadian Law of Wills : Probate, "1976, p. 165].  1, record 16, English, - executor%27s%20year

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

délai annal de l'exécuteur testamentaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 16, French, - d%C3%A9lai%20annal%20de%20l%27ex%C3%A9cuteur%20testamentaire

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When the constitutional law of the importing Member does not permit the levying of anti-dumping duties on such a basis, the importing [GATT] Member may levy the anti-dumping duties without limitation only if(a) the exporters shall have been given an opportunity to cease exporting at dumped prices to the area concerned... and adequate assurances in this regard have not been promptly given, and(b) such duties cannot be levied only on products of specific producers which supply the area in question.  1, record 17, English, - levying%20of%20duties

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque le droit constitutionnel du Membre importateur [du GATT] ne permet pas la perception de droits antidumping sur cette base, le Membre importateur ne pourra percevoir des droits antidumping sans limitation que si a) la possibilité a été préalablement donnée aux exportateurs de cesser d'exporter à des prix de dumping vers la zone concernée ou, sinon, de donner des assurances [...], mais que des assurances satisfaisantes à cet effet n'aient pas été données dans les moindres délais, et si b) de tels droits ne peuvent pas être perçus uniquement sur les produits de producteurs déterminés approvisionnant la zone en question.  1, record 17, French, - perception%20de%20droits

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cuando el derecho constitucional del Miembro importador [del GATT] no permita la percepción de derechos antidumping en estas condiciones, el Miembro importador podrá percibir sin limitación los derechos antidumping solamente si: a) se ha dado a los exportadores la oportunidad de dejar de exportar a precios de dumping a la zona de que se trate o de dar seguridades [...] y se han dado prontamente seguridades suficientes a este respecto, y si b) dichos derechos no se pueden percibir únicamente sobre los productos de productores determinados que abastezcan la zona en cuestión.  1, record 17, Spanish, - percepci%C3%B3n%20de%20derechos

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Término relacionado: recaudación.  2, record 17, Spanish, - percepci%C3%B3n%20de%20derechos

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pertinent; applying to the matter in question. In the law of evidence, the fact is said to be relevant if it either directly or indirectly proves or disproves a fact in issue. Evidence that is irrelevant to the matters in issue is not admissible.  2, record 18, English, - relevant%20to

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Expression employée dans l'application contextuelle da la notion de "fact relevant to an issue" et par extension, de "evidence relevant to an issue"; par ex., "this fact (ou this evidence) is relevant to consent".  1, record 18, French, - connexe%20%C3%A0

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

connexe à : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 18, French, - connexe%20%C3%A0

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This discretion is itself broadly phrased so as to include any case with respect to which “... the Supreme Court is of the opinion that any question involved therein is, by reason of its public importance or the importance of any issue of law or any issue of mixed law and fact involved in such question, one that ought to be decided by the Supreme Court or is, for any other reason, of such a nature or significance as to warrant decision by it.... ”  2, record 19, English, - issue%20of%20mixed%20law%20and%20fact

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ce pouvoir discrétionnaire est lui‑même formulé en termes généraux de manière à inclure toute affaire à l’égard de laquelle «[...] la Cour suprême estime, étant donné l’importance de l’affaire pour le public, l’importance des questions de droit ou des questions mixtes de droit et de fait qu’elle comporte, ou sa nature ou son importance à tout autre égard, qu’elle devrait en être saisie [...]»  2, record 19, French, - question%20mixte%20de%20droit%20et%20de%20fait

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Compellable witness" In the law of evidence, a person is "compellable" if he or she can be required to give evidence in court proceedings, even if unwilling. The question of compellability does not arise if a person is willing to give evidence, but that person must still be a Competent Witness for the party who wishes to call him or her.  2, record 20, English, - compellable%20witness

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

témoin contraignable : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 20, French, - t%C3%A9moin%20contraignable

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ruling by trial judge that trier of fact, judge or jury, may consider testimony or document or other thing(real evidence) in determining ultimate question.(Black's law dictionary, 6e ed., p. 17)  1, record 21, English, - admission

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

admission : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 21, French, - admission

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The better view appears to be that the question(whether the effect of divorce on a will is governed by the law which determines whether the divorce will be recognized) should be regarded as one of testamentary law and in the absence of statutes should be governed by the law of the testator's domicile at the date of the divorce in the case of moveables and by the law of the "situs" in the case of immoveables.(Hull & Cullity, "Macdonell, Sheard and Hull on Probate Practice". 3rd ed., 1981, p. 301)  1, record 22, English, - testamentary%20law

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit des successions testamentaires : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 22, French, - droit%20des%20successions%20testamentaires

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is necessary,... to distinguish this situation from the situation in which a prior seller, A, makes an express representation concerning, for example, the authenticity of a painting, to his immediate buyer, B. If B sells the goods to a subsequent buyer, C, the question arises whether C should be able to sue A in respect of the express warranty given by A to B(Ontario Law Reform Commission, "Report on the Sale of Goods", vol. 1, 1979, p. 243)  1, record 23, English, - subsequent%20buyer

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

acheteur postérieur : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 23, French, - acheteur%20post%C3%A9rieur

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Requisitions on title... may be further subdivided into requisitions going to the root of the title and other requisitions on title... The relevance of the distinction lies in the application of the clause limiting the time within which requisitions may be made. Where the requisition does not go to the root of title this provision tends to be applied strictly. Where, on the other hand, the requisition does go to the root of title, the requisition may be made after the time stipulated by the contract and the provisions of the contract will not result in the purchaser being deemed to have accepted the defect in question.(Law Society of Upper Canada, Bar Admission Course, Real Estate Law, 1990-1991, p. 8-2).  1, record 24, English, - requisition%20going%20to%20the%20root%20of%20title

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réquisition quant au fondement du titre : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 24, French, - r%C3%A9quisition%20quant%20au%20fondement%20du%20titre

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Zoning and building by-laws have been held to be matters relating to land use and not to title. The terms of the contract can, however, turn what would normally be simply a requisition relating to zoning into a requisition on matters of contract, just as the terms of the contract may make a question of title a requisition on a matter of contract.(Law Society of Upper Canada, Bar Admission Course, Real Estate Law, 1990-91, p. 8-4).  1, record 25, English, - requisition%20on%20matters%20of%20zoning

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réquisition quant au zonage : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 25, French, - r%C3%A9quisition%20quant%20au%20zonage

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Possession(is) a legal concept of variable meaning, the word being used in different contexts with different meanings. It denotes a kind of relationship between a person and some object of property, real or personal. It is sometimes used as meaning merely physical control or detention, without any question of legal right. Secondly, it may mean legal possession which will be recognized and protected by law....(Oxford Companion to Law, 1980, pp. 970-1).  1, record 26, English, - possession

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

possession : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 26, French, - possession

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(T) he true criterion of an irremovable fixture consists in the united application of several tests : 1st. Real or constructive annexation of the article in question to the realty; 2nd. Appropriation or adaptation to the use or purpose of that part of the realty with which it is connected; 3rd. The intention of the party making the annexation to make the article a permanent accession to the freehold, this intention being inferred from the nature of the article affixed, the relation and situation of the party making the annexation, and the policy of the law in relation thereto, the structure and mode of the annexation and the purpose or use for which the annexation was made. Of these three tests, the clear tendency of modern authority seems to give pre-eminence to the question of intention to make the article a permanent accession to the freehold, and the others seem to derive their chief value as evidence of such intention.(Reiter, Risk & McLellan, 2nd ed., 1982, pp. 131-2)  1, record 27, English, - irremovable%20fixture

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accessoire fixe inenlevable : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 27, French, - accessoire%20fixe%20inenlevable

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In addition to the terms which the parties have expressly adopted, there may be other terms imported into the contract, these latter being generally known as implied terms, though this nomenclature is misleading in that it covers a number of dissimilar notions. As a general rule, the courts will enforce not only the terms expressly agreed between the parties, but also those which are to be logically implied from those express terms.... Even where a term may not be logically implied from the words used, the law admits of certain other terms to be implied as follows :(1) terms which the parties probably had in mind but did not express;(2) terms which the parties, whether or not they actually had them in mind, would probably have expressed if the question had been brought to their attention; and(3) terms that, whether or not the parties had them in mind or would have expressed them if they had foreseen the difficulty, are implied rules of law.(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 224)  1, record 28, English, - implied%20term

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

clause implicite : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 28, French, - clause%20implicite

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is necessary,... to distinguish this situation from the situation in which a prior seller, A, makes an express representation concerning, for example, the authenticity of a painting, to his immediate buyer, B. If B sells the goods to a subsequent buyer, C, the question arises whether C should be able to sue A in respect of the express warranty given by A to B(Ontario Law Reform Commission, "Report on the Sale of Goods", vol. 1, 1979, p. 243)  1, record 29, English, - immediate%20buyer

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

acheteur immédiat : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 29, French, - acheteur%20imm%C3%A9diat

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Overholding with consent. Until rent is paid or something said or done on the part of the landlord to indicate an intention to treat the tenant holding over as his tenant for a further term, the landlord may treat him as a trespasser and bring an action of ejectment. When, however, a tenant is allowed to continue in possession after the expiration of a tenancy by agreement, the terms on which he continues to occupy are matters of evidence rather than of law. If there is nothing to show a different understanding he will be considered to hold on the terms of the old lease in so far as these terms are applicable. It is also a question of intention whether the parties, when the lease provides for overholding, intend the tenant to remain under the overholding provisions or under a new lease.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd, p. 285-286)  1, record 30, English, - holding%20over

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

occupation après terme : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 30, French, - occupation%20apr%C3%A8s%20terme

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Delivery may be absolute or conditional and if the latter, it will be said to be delivery "in escrow" if the deed is to be held by someone not a party to it until some condition is performed by the party to be benefitted by the deed and upon fulfilment to take effect. (Lamont, "Real Estate Conveyancing", 1976, p. 85).  1, record 31, English, - delivery%20in%20escrow

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Under the old law, a deed could not be delivered, as an escrow, direct to the grantee. Delivery in escrow was made to a third party-the first delivery-and, upon the fulfilment of the condition, the third party would deliver the deed to the grantee-the second delivery. It seems that the old law no longer applies. The more modern approach is to treat the question as one of fact; even where there is delivery to the grantee, the intention of the parties must be ascertained, from the transaction as a whole, as to whether the delivery was absolute or conditional.(Mendes da Costa and Balfour, p. 401)  1, record 31, English, - delivery%20in%20escrow

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le syntagme verbal correspondant «deliver in escrow» peut se rendre en français par «délivrer sous condition».  1, record 31, French, - d%C3%A9livrance%20sous%20condition

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

délivrance sous condition : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 31, French, - d%C3%A9livrance%20sous%20condition

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term "domestic animals" includes all those domestic or tame animals as by habit or training live in association with man. An animal which does not exist in a wild state anywhere in the world is in law a domestic animal. It is a question of law, not fact, whether an animal is within the class of domestic animals or wild animals.(2 Hals., 4th, p. 85-86)  2, record 32, English, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The common law divided animals into two main groups, "domitae naturae", or domestic, and "ferae naturae", or wild. Domestic animals were treated the same as ordinary chattels and one might have an absolute property in them, but live, wild animals were subject only to a qualified or defeasible property right, dependent upon actual physical control or possession ... (Fryer, 3rd ed., 1938, pp. 53-4).  2, record 32, English, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En common law, les animaux domestiques font l'objet d'une propriété absolue, au même titre que s'il s'agissait d'objets inanimés.  3, record 32, French, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

animal domestique; animal domitae naturae : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  4, record 32, French, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

instruction which is geared to the individual student’s competence and aptitude (rather than those of a hypothetical average student in a group.  7, record 33, English, - individualized%20instruction

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Instruction tailored to the needs of individual students and situations.  2, record 33, English, - individualized%20instruction

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Individualised instruction" is now in fashion : The practical consequence of the fact of individual differences is that every general law of teaching has to be applied with consideration of the particular person in question.  7, record 33, English, - individualized%20instruction

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Can the software offer individualised instruction?  8, record 33, English, - individualized%20instruction

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enseignement donné selon les principes d'individualisation du travail.  4, record 33, French, - enseignement%20individualis%C3%A9

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] l'individualisation de l'enseignement [...] Sans un enseignement individualisé, l'élève lent peut être frustré et l'élève doué devenir mentalement paresseux. Si les outils éducatifs sont suffisamment diversifiés, les élèves qui apprennent à un rythme différent peuvent avoir une partie de l'enseignement adaptée à leur niveau, même s'il y a beaucoup d'enfants dans chaque classe [...]  5, record 33, French, - enseignement%20individualis%C3%A9

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The Supreme] Court has often stated that in discerning the principles of fundamental justice governing a particular case, it is helpful to look at the common law and legislative history of the offence in question.  3, record 34, English, - principles%20of%20fundamental%20justice

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... in the context of a detention review, fundamental justice principles must be kept in mind ...  4, record 34, English, - principles%20of%20fundamental%20justice

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The principles of fundamental justice require that each person, considered individually, be treated fairly by the law.  3, record 34, English, - principles%20of%20fundamental%20justice

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 OBS

principles of fundamental justice; fundamental justice principles: terms usually used in the plural.  5, record 34, English, - principles%20of%20fundamental%20justice

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les principes de justice fondamentale exigent que chacun, pris individuellement, soit traité équitablement par la loi.  2, record 34, French, - principes%20de%20justice%20fondamentale

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pour définir les principes de justice fondamentale qui régissent un cas particulier, il est utile de se reporter à la common law et à l'historique législatif de l'infraction en cause et, en particulier, à la raison d'être de la pratique [...] et les principes qui la sous-tendent.  2, record 34, French, - principes%20de%20justice%20fondamentale

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

principes de justice fondamentale : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  3, record 34, French, - principes%20de%20justice%20fondamentale

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A mixed question of law and fact occurs when the facts are established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the legal rule. The term ’mixed question of law and fact’ refers to questions about the application of a rule or standard to the particular facts of the case.  4, record 35, English, - mixed%20question%20of%20law%20and%20fact

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An offender who is found to be a dangerous offender under this Part may appeal to the court of appeal against that finding on any ground of law or fact or mixed law and fact.  3, record 35, English, - mixed%20question%20of%20law%20and%20fact

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le délinquant déclaré délinquant dangereux sous l'autorité de la présente partie peut interjeter appel d'une telle déclaration à la cour d'appel sur toute question de droit ou de fait ou toute question mixte de droit et de fait.  2, record 35, French, - question%20mixte%20de%20droit%20et%20de%20fait

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An inference on a question of law, made as a result of a factual showing, no further evidence being required.  3, record 36, English, - conclusion%20of%20law

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A conclusion of law is a determination by a judge or ruling authority regarding the law that applies in a particular case. It is opposed to a finding of fact, which interprets the factual circumstances to which the law is to be applied.  4, record 36, English, - conclusion%20of%20law

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si les parties peuvent convenir d'admettre des faits, même contestés, elles ne peuvent par contre convenir d'une conclusion de droit.  4, record 36, French, - conclusion%20de%20droit

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il est important de noter la distinction entre les termes «conclusion de droit» et «conclusion juridique». En matière du droit de la preuve, une conclusion qui est fondée sur le droit est tout à fait différente de celle basée sur des textes de loi.  5, record 36, French, - conclusion%20de%20droit

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

conclusion de droit : Équivalent recommandé par le Comité d'uniformisation des règles de procédure civile.  5, record 36, French, - conclusion%20de%20droit

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A concept belonging more specifically or exclusively to a given field.  2, record 37, English, - specific%20concept

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Applicable law is a specific concept of private international law and refers to the national law that governs a given question of law in an international context.  1, record 37, English, - specific%20concept

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Notion appartenant plus spécifiquement ou exclusivement à un domaine donné.  2, record 37, French, - notion%20propre

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'expression «loi applicable» est une notion propre au droit international privé. Elle indique la loi nationale qui régit une question de droit déterminée présentant un caractère international.  3, record 37, French, - notion%20propre

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In Law, the Supreme Court held that the fact that the purpose of a legislative provision is to improve the situation of a minority or a disadvantaged group is a factor that tends to demonstrate that the provision in question is not substantively discriminatory.  2, record 38, English, - disadvantaged%20group

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La Cour suprême, dans l'arrêt Law, a statué que le fait qu'une mesure législative ait pour but d'améliorer la situation d'une minorité ou d'un groupe défavorisé constitue un facteur qui tend à démontrer que la mesure en question n'est pas substantiellement discriminatoire.  2, record 38, French, - groupe%20d%C3%A9favoris%C3%A9

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To resolve the question of a product's nature, the marketer must determine whether the product comes within the category of foodstuffs or another category, in particular that of medicine. This question is critical where the product is a food supplement, i. e. a product with a nutritional aim or other health food. Under French law, food supplements do not exist presently as a separate category of products. Thus, all products having a nutritional aim need to be categorised wither as foodstuffs or as medicines...  1, record 39, English, - product%20with%20a%20nutritional%20aim

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Tonyu est un produit à finalité nutritionnelle.  2, record 39, French, - produit%20%C3%A0%20finalit%C3%A9%20nutritionnelle

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This second part of the obligation in question is what is known in law as a facultative obligation... which provides :[...] When only one prestation has been agreed upon, but the obligor may render another in substitution, the obligation is called facultative.  3, record 40, English, - facultative%20obligation

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

An ‘Optional’ obligation means that an element can be supplied, but is not required to be supplied, for a given resource.  2, record 40, English, - facultative%20obligation

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Obligation qui a pour objet une seule prestation principale dont le débiteur peut néanmoins se libérer en exécutant une autre prestation équivalente.  2, record 40, French, - obligation%20facultative

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Obligation facultative. Obligation ayant un objet unique, le débiteur pouvant toutefois se libérer en effectuant une autre prestation`  3, record 40, French, - obligation%20facultative

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le débiteur qui s'est engagé à remettre un objet précis à son créancier mais qui peut se libérer de son obligation en fournissant à la place une somme d'argent.  2, record 40, French, - obligation%20facultative

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The optional joinder of parties if (1) their claims or the claims asserted against them are asserted jointly, severally, or in respect of the same transaction or occurrence, and (2) any legal or factual question common to all of them will arise.  2, record 41, English, - permissive%20joinder

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Permissive joinder. All persons may join in one action as plaintiffs if they assert any right to relief jointly, severally, or in the alternative in respect of or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences and if any question of law or fact common to all these persons will arise in the action.  3, record 41, English, - permissive%20joinder

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The case law on the question of informed consent or the duty of disclosure has exhibited a variety of classification of risks involved in proposed surgery or therapy.  6, record 42, English, - duty%20of%20disclosure

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... the Court asked whether the doctor’s duty to disclose and his discretion to withhold information are governed by medical practice or imposed by law? They are imposed by law.  7, record 42, English, - duty%20of%20disclosure

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The obligation of disclosure must always rest with the doctor who is to carry out the treatment or investigative procedure.  8, record 42, English, - duty%20of%20disclosure

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... the Supreme Court of Canada declared that "the concept of individual autonomy is fundamental to the common law and is the basis for the requirement that disclosure be made to a patient" .... As such, the scope of the disclosure obligation is only rarely, if ever, mediated by external factors.  4, record 42, English, - duty%20of%20disclosure

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 5 CONT

... a doctor’s obligation to disclose was considered part of the fiduciary relationship between doctor and patient.  5, record 42, English, - duty%20of%20disclosure

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les cours ont étendu le devoir de divulgation de la façon suivante : «... le chirurgien doit également, lorsque les circonstances l'exigent, expliquer les solutions de rechange au traitement proposé et les risques qu'elles comportent».  5, record 42, French, - devoir%20de%20divulgation

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Il n'existe [...] pas d'obligation de divulguer tous les risques possibles car cela serait contraire à la réalité médicale.  2, record 42, French, - devoir%20de%20divulgation

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 3 CONT

[...] l'autonomie individuelle forme un élément de base de la common law et est le fondement de l'obligation de divulgation envers le patient.  3, record 42, French, - devoir%20de%20divulgation

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 4 CONT

La jurisprudence sur la question du consentement éclairé ou le devoir de divulguer propose plusieurs classifications des risques que comporte une opération chirurgicale ou un traitement envisagé.  4, record 42, French, - devoir%20de%20divulgation

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any goods, including packaging, bearing without authorization a trademark which is identical to the trademark validly registered in respect of such goods, or which cannot be distinguished in its essential aspects from such a trademark, and which thereby infringes the rights of the owner of the trademark in question under the law of the country of importation  1, record 43, English, - counterfeit%20trademark%20goods

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

From the Chapter on Intellectual Property Rights of the FTAA Second Draft Agreement.  2, record 43, English, - counterfeit%20trademark%20goods

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Toutes les marchandises, y compris leur emballage, portant sans autorisation une marque de fabrique ou de commerce qui est identique à la marque de fabrique ou de commerce valablement enregistrée pour lesdites marchandises, ou qui ne peut être distinguée dans ses aspects essentiels de cette marque de fabrique ou de commerce, et qui de ce fait porte atteinte aux droits du titulaire de la marque en question en vertu de la législation du pays d'importation.  1, record 43, French, - marchandises%20de%20marque%20contrefaites

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Du Chapitre sur les Droits de Propriété Intellectuelle du Deuxième avant-projet de l'Accord de la ZLEA.  2, record 43, French, - marchandises%20de%20marque%20contrefaites

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cualquier bien, incluido el empacado, que lleve ilícitamente una marca que sea idéntica a la marca registrada lícitamente con respecto a dichos bienes, o que no se pueda distinguir en sus aspectos esenciales de esa marca registrada, y que por lo tanto contraviene los derechos del propietario de la marca registrada en cuestión conforme a las leyes del país de importación.  1, record 43, Spanish, - bienes%20de%20marca%20falsos

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Del Capítulo sobre Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual del Segundo borrador del Acuerdo del ALCA.  2, record 43, Spanish, - bienes%20de%20marca%20falsos

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The doctrine recognized in some legal systems that a decision by a court of competent jurisdiction on a point of law becomes not merely a guide but an authority to be followed by all other courts of equal or inferior jurisdiction in all cases involving the same question, until said decision is reversed or overruled by a court of superior jurisdiction. In other words, when once a point of law has been settled by a decision, a precedent is thereby formed which is not afterwards to be departed from.  3, record 44, English, - stare%20decisis

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... decisions of international courts or tribunals do not constitute precedents in the technical sense of "stare decisis" in the common law; but they have weighty, persuasive effect.  3, record 44, English, - stare%20decisis

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The principle for reliance on decided cases.  4, record 44, English, - stare%20decisis

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

stare decisis : Premier membre de l'adage latin «stare decisis et non quieta movere» : s'en tenir à ce qui a été décidé et ne pas bouleverser ce qui est établi. Expression de la règle appliquée dans les pays anglo-saxons, d'après laquelle les principes de droit posés par une décision judiciaire ont force obligatoire, tant qu'ils n'ont pas été abandonnés par une décision ultérieure, émanant d'une juridiction supérieure ou de même rang.  5, record 44, French, - stare%20decisis

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 OBS

stamus decisis : nous nous en tenons aux décisions déjà rendues.  4, record 44, French, - stare%20decisis

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Le respect des décisions des tribunaux supérieurs.  6, record 44, French, - stare%20decisis

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Principio que obliga a] considerar vinculantes las decisiones judiciales anteriores.  4, record 44, Spanish, - stare%20decisis

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El principio "stare decisis" significa que a un caso posterior debe aplicarse la solución del precedente si rigen los mismos puntos, reglas o principios ya que se emplea el método comparativo e inductivo para determinar la similitud entre ambos casos y el grado de aplicabilidad de la solución anterior al conflicto actual.  5, record 44, Spanish, - stare%20decisis

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Subsidiary grant of probate relating to a grant obtained outside the (jurisdiction), giving powers of administration to a foreign executor over property in the (jurisdiction). (Curzon, A Dictionary of Law, 1979, p. 269)  1, record 45, English, - ancillary%20probate

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where a foreign court of competent jurisdiction has granted probate... of an estate that includes property in Ontario, and application for ancillary probate... is made and it is shown that the executor... is by the law of the domicile of the deceased entitled to receive the property... ancillary letters shall be issued. ("Surrogate Court Rules", O. Reg. 143/78, R.29)  1, record 45, English, - ancillary%20probate

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 CONT

An application for an ancillary grant of probate cannot be opposed on the ground that the formal requirements of the law of the domicile have not been complied with, or that the will of which probate had been granted in the jurisdiction of the domicile had been revoked under that law. In such a case, the correct procedure is to reopen the question if this is possible in the courts of the testator's domicile.(Hull and Cullity, p. 307)  2, record 45, English, - ancillary%20probate

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ancillary letters probate: term usually used in the plural  2, record 45, English, - ancillary%20probate

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Ancillary probate» est la forme elliptique de «ancillary grant of probate» et «ancillary letters probate». Le substantif «grant» s'emploie dans le sens de «letters» et est rendu par «lettres».  2, record 45, French, - lettres%20d%27homologation%20auxiliaires

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

lettres d'homologation auxiliaires : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 45, French, - lettres%20d%27homologation%20auxiliaires

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In law, used particularly with reference to the question of illegality as to whether a sale, contract, etc., is to be set aside from its inception or from the time of action by a party.  2, record 46, English, - ab%20initio

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quand un acte est nul «ab initio», c'est qu'il est nul dès sa formation; le jugement le déclarant nul ne fait que déclarer un état de fait antérieur. Au contraire, l'acte annulable était atteint d'un vice, mais n'était pas nul au moment de sa formation; il le devient, lorsque le tribunal prononce l'annulation.  3, record 46, French, - ab%20initio

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When no question affecting the validity of the will arises under the affidavit and no person having the right to do so cites the executor to prove the will in solemn form... the will is admitted to probate simply on the sworn petition of the executors... and the affidavit of one witness in proof of due execution of the will.(Feeney, The Canadian Law of Wills, 1982, vol. 1, p. 136)  2, record 47, English, - admit%20to%20probate

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

homologuer : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 47, French, - homologuer

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In international law problems... the system with which the transaction, or the part of it in question, has the most substantial relationship.  2, record 48, English, - proper%20law%20of%20the%20contract

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

À l'étranger, [...] la compétence de la loi locale reste généralement le principe [...]  3, record 48, French, - loi%20du%20contrat

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] la tendance [...] est de laisser le juge déterminer dans chaque cas, comme pour les contrats, la loi applicable (the proper law of the tort [...]  3, record 48, French, - loi%20du%20contrat

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The question whether the benefit of a covenant has been annexed so as to run with the dominant land is one of intention, dependent upon the construction of the instrument, the nature of the covenant, and the surrounding circumstances.(Ontario Law Reform Commission, Report on Covenants affecting Freehold Land, 1989, p. 34)  2, record 49, English, - annex

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When the constitutional law of the importing [GATT] Member does not permit the levying of anti-dumping duties on such a basis, the importing Member may levy the anti-dumping duties without limitation only if(a) the exporters shall have been given an opportunity to cease exporting at dumped prices to the area concerned... and adequate assurances in this regard have not been promptly given, and(b) such duties cannot be levied only on products of specific producers which supply the area in question.  3, record 50, English, - dumped%20price

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque le droit constitutionnel du Membre importateur [du GATT] ne permet pas la perception de droits antidumping sur cette base, le Membre importateur ne pourra percevoir des droits antidumping sans limitation que si a) la possibilité a été préalablement donnée aux exportateurs de cesser d'exporter à des prix de dumping vers la zone concernée ou, sinon, de donner des assurances [...], mais que des assurances satisfaisantes à cet effet n'aient pas été données dans les moindres délais, et si b) de tels droits ne peuvent pas être perçus uniquement sur les produits de producteurs déterminés approvisionnant la zone en question.  2, record 50, French, - prix%20de%20dumping

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cuando el derecho constitucional del Miembro importador [del GATT] no permita la percepción de derechos antidumping en estas condiciones, el Miembro importador podrá percibir sin limitación los derechos antidumping solamente si: a) se ha dado a los exportadores la oportunidad de dejar de exportar a precios de dumping a la zona de que se trate o de dar seguridades [...] y se han dado prontamente seguridades suficientes a este respecto, y si b) dichos derechos no se pueden percibir únicamente sobre los productos de productores determinados que abastezcan la zona en cuestión.  2, record 50, Spanish, - precio%20de%20dumping

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A case sent to a referee or court for a decision or recommendation on a point of law.  1, record 51, English, - reference%20case

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Reference cases are unique to Canadian procedure. They deal with a novel question of law and may well arise out of a political impasse  2, record 51, English, - reference%20case

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Caso remitido a una autoridad de arbitraje para que emita su parecer respecto a algún elemento de la ley.  1, record 51, Spanish, - caso%20de%20remisi%C3%B3n

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En procesos judiciales futuros podrá hacerse referencia a él como si de precedentes se tratara.  1, record 51, Spanish, - caso%20de%20remisi%C3%B3n

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... there is an urgent need for a legally-constituted law-making body i.e. a World Parliament, for enacting enforceable International Laws that are applicable on all the countries and the peoples of the world.  2, record 52, English, - enforceable%20international%20law

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The broad, binding effect of customary international law, coupled with the reality that such law can be created by the simple repetition of language at various UN meetings, raises a vital question :"At what point does a ’nonbinding agreement’ turn into an international agreement, a promise into a unilateral act, fact into custom?"(12) While no precise answer is possible, a general rule can be stated : previously non-binding norms become enforceable international law when(in the capacious words of one scholar) they have been repeated "with sufficient frequency.  3, record 52, English, - enforceable%20international%20law

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit positif : ensemble des règles de droit en vigueur dans un pays à un moment donné (opposé à droit naturel).  2, record 52, French, - droit%20international%20positif

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La] Déclaration sur les Règles de droit international humanitaire relatives à la conduite des hostilités dans les conflits armés non internationaux [...] présente les principes et règles que l'Institut international de droit humanitaire, réuni à Taormina le 7 avril 1990, a identifiés en tant que droit international positif ou droit international en formation.  3, record 52, French, - droit%20international%20positif

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[L'expression anglaise «enforceable international law» peut aussi se traduire par l'expression explicative suivante :] règles de droit international assorties de moyens d'en assurer l'application.  4, record 52, French, - droit%20international%20positif

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Normas de derecho internacional con mecanismo de aplicación.  1, record 52, Spanish, - derecho%20internacional%20positivo

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... on any ground that involves a question of law or, if leave to appeal is granted by the court appealed to within twenty-one days after the judgment appealed from is pronounced or within such extended time as the court appealed to or a judge thereof for special reasons allows, on any ground that appears to that court to be a sufficient ground of appeal.  1, record 53, English, - sufficient%20ground%20of%20appeal

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] pour tout motif comportant une question de droit ou, si la permission d'interjeter appel est accordée par le tribunal auprès duquel l'appel est interjeté dans les vingt et un jours du jugement frappé d'appel ou dans le délai prolongé qu'accorde, pour des raisons spéciales, le tribunal auprès duquel l'appel est interjeté ou un juge de ce tribunal, pour tout motif que celui-ci estime être un motif suffisant d'appel.  1, record 53, French, - motif%20suffisant%20d%27appel

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When the domestic industry has been interpreted as referring to the producers in a certain area..., countervailing duties shall be levied only on the products in question consigned for final consumption to that area. When the constitutional law of the importing Member does not permit the levying of countervailing duties on such a basis, the importing Member may levy the countervailing duties without limitation only if(a) the exporters shall have been given an opportunity to cease exporting at subsidized prices to the area concerned or otherwise give assurances..., and adequate assurances in this regard have not been promptly given, and(b) such duties cannot be levied only on products of specific producers which supply the area in question.  1, record 54, English, - importing%20member

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque la «branche de production nationale» aura été interprétée comme désignant les producteurs d'une certaine zone, [...] il ne sera perçu de droits compensateurs que sur les produits en question expédiés vers cette zone pour consommation finale. Lorsque le droit constitutionnel du Membre importateur ne permet pas la perception de droits compensateurs sur cette base, le Membre importateur ne pourra percevoir de droits compensateurs sans limitation que si a) la possibilité a été ménagée aux exportateurs de cesser d'exporter à des prix subventionnés vers la zone concernée ou, sinon, de donner des assurances [...], mais que des assurances satisfaisantes à cet effet n'aient pas été données dans les moindres délais, et si b) de tels droits ne peuvent pas être perçus uniquement sur les produits de producteurs déterminés approvisionnant la zone en question.  1, record 54, French, - membre%20importateur

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cuando se haya interpretado que "rama de producción nacional" se refiere a los productores de cierta zona, [...] los derechos compensatorios sólo se percibirán sobre los productos de que se trate que vayan consignados a esa zona para consumo final. Cuando el derecho constitucional del Miembro importador no permita la percepción de derechos compensatorios en esas condiciones, el Miembro importador podrá percibir sin limitación los derechos compensatorios solamente si: a) se ha dado a los exportadores la oportunidad de dejar de exportar a precios subvencionados a la zona de que se trate o de dar seguridades [...] y no se han dado prontamente seguridades suficientes a este respecto, y si b; dichos derechos no se pueden percibir únicamente sobre los productos de productores determinados que abastezcan la zona en cuestión.  1, record 54, Spanish, - miembro%20importador

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The practice of a state is shown by its acts and attitudes in its international relations with other states. When it becomes clear that each state acts in the same way, or takes up the same attitude to the acts or omissions of other states, the practice is uniform. When there is a repetition of such uniform practice over a period of time, the practice is constant. State practice which is both uniform and constant creates a "usage". Custom requires a "general practice". No precise answer can be given to the question of how general the practice needs to be. So long as a group of states follow the practice, and accept it as law, there is a custom. All customs have begun in the same way, and become of increasingly universal application as more states align their practice to them.  2, record 55, English, - practice

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Terme qui, dans les expressions : pratique des États, des organisations internationales, d'un organe international, désigne une manière habituelle d'agir, de procéder, de décider qui ne constitue pas une règle coutumière mais peut contribuer à la création de celle-ci.  2, record 55, French, - pratique

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 56,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 OBS

propounder: An executor who seeks to put forward a will as genuine.  2, record 56, English, - propounder%20of%20a%20will

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... in the common law provinces there is a procedure available in the course of probate by which the testamentary competency of the testator can be called into question and that if this is done, the burden of proving testamentary competency rests on the applicant for probate, i. e., the "propounder" of the will.  1, record 56, English, - propounder%20of%20a%20will