TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the plaintiff suffers harm, which has two causes in fact(but-for causes) : the original wrongdoer's negligence and the intervening party's(last wrongdoer's) tort. The original wrongdoer is sometimes the sole defendant.... The question is : Under what circumstances will the last wrongdoer's intervening tort cut off the original wrongdoer's liability?  4, record 1, English, - last%20wrongdoer

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An ODR [online dispute resolution] negotiation process used to determine the quantum of an economic settlement for cases in which there is no question of liability or fault.  3, record 2, English, - blind%20bidding%20negotiation

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

négociation par offres à l'aveugle : désignation normalisée par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 2, French, - n%C3%A9gociation%20par%20offres%20%C3%A0%20l%27aveugle

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A trial that is divided into two stages, such as for guilt and punishment or for liability and damages.  2, record 3, English, - bifurcated%20trial

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A common example of a "bifurcated trial" is one in which the question of liability in a personal injury case is tried separately from and prior to a trial on the amount of damages to be awarded if liability is found. A "bifurcated trial" in such a case is advantageous because if the defendant is not found liable, there is no need to spend the money or time in the presentation of proof and witnesses on the issue of damages.  4, record 3, English, - bifurcated%20trial

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procès dans lequel deux étapes distinctes se succèdent - par exemple, l'une pour l'établissement des responsabilités ou de la culpabilité et l'autre pour la détermination des dommages-intérêts ou de la peine.  2, record 3, French, - proc%C3%A8s%20%C3%A0%20deux%20volets

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Infants may be excused from liability for intentional torts if they are incapable of forming the specific intent required to commit the tort in question, but they will be held liable if they are capable.  2, record 4, English, - specific%20intent

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les mineurs sont dégagés de la responsabilité des délits intentionnels s'ils sont incapables de former l'intention spécifique nécessaire pour commettre le délit en question, mais ils seront tenus responsables s'ils en sont capables.  3, record 4, French, - intention%20particuli%C3%A8re

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where the alleged principal does not exist, it may be easy to infer that the agent intended to assume personal liability.... An agent is therefore not a contracting party merely because he purported to act for a non-existent principal : the question is one of intention in each case.  1, record 5, English, - non%2Dexistent%20principal

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In this sense, the policy concern about indeterminate liability is closely related to proximity; the question is whether there are sufficient special factors arising out of the relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant so that indeterminate liability is not the result of imposing the proposed duty of care...  1, record 6, English, - indeterminate%20liability

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les considérations de principe sont pragmatiques : l’imposition d’une responsabilité indéterminée et imprévisible donnerait lieu à des « conséquences sociales non souhaitables », notamment une hausse des coûts en matière d’assurance et de litiges, une diminution de la disponibilité des services de vérification et une réduction potentielle de la vigilance des tiers.  1, record 6, French, - responsabilit%C3%A9%20ind%C3%A9termin%C3%A9e

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Deliberate act of third person... If a defendant can prove that the escape in question was caused by a third person's "conscious act of volition", he will be exempted from strict liability. The onus is clearly on the defendant to establish this. It is not enough that a third person unleash the force that causes the damage; it must be done deliberately.  1, record 7, English, - deliberate%20act%20of%20third%20person

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Acte délibéré d'un tiers [...] Si un défendeur peut établir que la fuite a été causée par un «acte volontaire et conscient» d'un tiers, il ne sera pas assujetti à la responsabilité stricte. Il incombe évidemment au défendeur d'en faire la preuve. Il ne suffit pas qu'un tiers libère la force qui cause le dommage; cela doit être fait de façon délibérée.  1, record 7, French, - acte%20d%C3%A9lib%C3%A9r%C3%A9%20d%27un%20tiers

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The measures taken by Air Canada to comply with its language obligations could not exempt it from all liability when the result intended by the language obligation in question had not been achieved.  1, record 8, English, - language%20obligation

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les mesures prises par Air Canada pour se décharger de ses obligations linguistiques ne pouvaient l'exonérer de toute responsabilité lorsque le résultat visé par l'obligation linguistique en question n'avait pas été atteint.  1, record 8, French, - obligation%20linguistique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

material injury : The elements of the cause of action for negligence may... be itemized as follows :... 3. Material injury resulting to the interest of the plaintiff... damage is the gist of the liability. Merely exposing someone to danger is not an actionable wrong, if the hazard is averted in time. Nor is there any question here of vindicating mere dignitary interests or giving compensation for fright or apprehension in the absence of ascertainable physical injury, such as traumatic shock.  2, record 9, English, - material%20injury

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trespass is primarily an intentional wrong; and it seems barely open to serious debate that claims for accidental trespassory harm must today meet the modern conditions of liability for unintended injury stemming from the competing action on the case. This has a bearing both on the requirement of damage and the question of liability without fault.  1, record 10, English, - trespassory%20harm

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish