TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Laser force microscope senses topography by moving a tungsten or silicon probe across a sample(typically a microelectronic component) at a height of a few nanometers. The tip is set vibrating at close to its resonance frequency. Attractive forces... called van der Waals attractions and the surface tension of water that condenses between tip and sample, pull on the tip, changing its resonance frequency and so reducing its vibration amplitude. The variation in the forces, and hence in tip travel, reveals surface relief. A laser probe tracks the tip by means of a beam that is split into two. One of the beams is reflected through a stationary prism; the other passes through a Bragg cell--a device that shifts the beam's frequency--and is reflected from the back of the probe. The beams are recombined, and their interference produces a signal(at the Bragg-cell frequency) that measures the tip vibration.  1, record 1, English, - laser%20force%20microscope

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Scanning laser force microscope.  2, record 1, English, - laser%20force%20microscope

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The present invention provides a microfiche reader-printer comprising a housing to engage the apparatus, a control panel on the front of the housing, a microfiche carrier operably disposed on the front of the housing to receive a microfiche therein, a viewing screen disposed across the front of the housing, an image projector disposed to project a light beam through the microfiche and magnify the light beam, including a fiche image, a pair of reflecting mirrors movable to one position where the projected image beam is reflected to the back side of the screen to permit viewing there of and a positioner mechanism mechanically operative to shift the positions of the mirrors to a second position to initiate a printing cycle.  1, record 2, English, - microfiche%20reader%2Dprinter

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A television camera tube in which an electron image is produced by a photoemitting surface and focused on one side of a separate storage tube that is scanned on its opposite side by a beam of low-velocity electrons.  3, record 3, English, - image%20orthicon

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Electrons that are reflected from the storage tube, after positive stored charges are neutralized by the scanning beam, form a return beam which is amplified by an electron multiplier.  3, record 3, English, - image%20orthicon

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

image orthicon: term officially approved by the Electronics and Telecommunications Terminology Committee.  4, record 3, English, - image%20orthicon

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

orthicon à transfert d'image; image orthicon : termes uniformisés par le Comité d’uniformisation des termes de l’électronique et des télécommunications (CUTEL).  2, record 3, French, - orthicon%20%C3%A0%20transfert%20d%27image

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A single-cavity klystron in which the electron beam is reflected back through the cavity resonator by a repelling electrode having a negative voltage.  2, record 4, English, - reflex%20klystron

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

reflex klystron: term officially approved by the Electronics and Telecommunications Terminology Committee.  3, record 4, English, - reflex%20klystron

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Klystron à cavité unique dans lequel le sens du faisceau est inversé à l'intérieur de l'espace de glissement de façon telle que le faisceau traverse deux fois l'espace d'interaction.  1, record 4, French, - klystron%20r%C3%A9flex

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «réflex».  2, record 4, French, - klystron%20r%C3%A9flex

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

réflex : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, record 4, French, - klystron%20r%C3%A9flex

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

klystron réflex : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation des termes de l'électronique et des télécommunications (CUTEL).  4, record 4, French, - klystron%20r%C3%A9flex

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

klistrón: adaptación gráfica propuesta para la voz inglesa "klystron". El plural es klistrones.  2, record 4, Spanish, - klistr%C3%B3n%20reflejo

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A beam electron that is reflected from [a] sample by elastic scattering.  4, record 5, English, - back%2Dscattered%20electron

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

BSE are often used in analytical SEM [scanning electron microscopy] along with the spectra made from the characteristic X-rays. Because the intensity of the BSE signal is strongly related to the atomic number (Z) of the specimen, BSE images can provide information about the distribution of different elements in the sample.  5, record 5, English, - back%2Dscattered%20electron

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The backscattered electron yield is strongly dependent upon atomic number, qualitatively describes the origin of characteristic rays, and reveals compositional and topographic information about the specimen.  1, record 5, English, - back%2Dscattered%20electron

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Électron résultant de l'impact d'un faisceau d'électrons dit primaire et d'un échantillon.  2, record 5, French, - %C3%A9lectron%20r%C3%A9trodiffus%C3%A9

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les électrons primaires sont entrés en collision avec des noyaux d’atomes de l’échantillon et ont réagi de façon quasi élastique avec eux. Les électrons sont réémis dans une direction proche de leur direction d'origine avec une faible perte d'énergie.  2, record 5, French, - %C3%A9lectron%20r%C3%A9trodiffus%C3%A9

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mirror which changes its shape many times a second to compensate for the spreading effect of the Earth’s atmosphere.  2, record 6, English, - rubber%20mirror

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In a test, a ground-based laser beam was bounced off the rubber mirror and then reflected into space where it accurately tracked a rocket moving at very high speed with a tightly focused beam.  2, record 6, English, - rubber%20mirror

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Neutron reflectometry is a laboratory technique, similar to the often complementary techniques of X-ray reflectivity and ellipsometry. The technique involves shining a highly collimated beam of neutrons onto an extremely flat surface and examining the intensity of reflected radiation as a function of angle.  2, record 7, English, - neutron%20reflectometry

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est important de caractériser la structure atomique et magnétique [des] couches [magnétiques]. La réflectométrie neutronique est un outil particulièrement puissant : en effet la polarisation d'un faisceau de neutrons polarisés va être modifiée par la réflexion par les couches magnétiques. Un analyseur de la polarisation après réflexion va permettre de déterminer les courbes de réflectivité pour des états de spin parallèles ou antiparallèles.  1, record 7, French, - r%C3%A9flectom%C3%A9trie%20neutronique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The afocal telescope provides a collimated beam that is reflected off the scan wheel and passed to the infrared imager.  2, record 8, English, - scan%20wheel

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That portion of the pulsed beam energy which is reflected back to the receiver after the beam encounters an obstruction in the atmosphere.  6, record 9, English, - radar%20echo

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The characteristics of a radar echo are determined by 1) the waveform, frequency, and power of the incident wave; 2) the range and velocity of the target with respect to the radar; and 3) the size, shape, and composition of the target.  7, record 9, English, - radar%20echo

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Each return signal (echo) is recorded in amplitude and phase for a slight displacement of the antenna in the flight direction. The effect of a considerable larger antenna is obtained synthetically by storing and combined processing of these multiple echoes. The SAR method operates only when the radar radiation is coherent.  8, record 9, English, - radar%20echo

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cell: Such usage, although common, is technically incorrect.  9, record 9, English, - radar%20echo

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

radar echo: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  8, record 9, English, - radar%20echo

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Portion de l'énergie pulsée du faisceau qui est réfléchie et renvoyée au récepteur lorsque le faisceau rencontre un obstacle dans l'atmosphère.  4, record 9, French, - %C3%A9cho%20radar

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le radar météorologique sert en premier lieu à la détection des zones de précipitations ayant cours dans la situation météo du moment. Après traitement par des ordinateurs spécifiques, les échos radar sont affichés sur un écran où divers repères géographiques tels que frontières, rivières et lacs permettent de localiser les zones de précipitations. L'intensité des échos radar fournit une mesure quantitative des précipitations, exprimée en millimètres par heure (mm/h), présentée au moyen de zones coloriées. En effet, plus l'écho renvoyé par le faisceau radar est important plus l'obstacle qui le renvoie est dense, et plus la pluie ou la neige est abondante.  5, record 9, French, - %C3%A9cho%20radar

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

écho radar: terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  6, record 9, French, - %C3%A9cho%20radar

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aquella porción del impulso de energía direccional (emitido por un radar) que es reflejada hacia el receptor al encontrar el haz algún obstáculo.  1, record 9, Spanish, - eco%20de%20radar

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A photoelectric or visual instrument for measuring the opacity(or photographic density) of a developed photographic plate or film by measuring the density of the silver deposit in a photographic image. The device constantly reduces the intensity of a standard light until it matches an identical beam of light that has been transmitted through or reflected from the material to be measured.  2, record 10, English, - densitometer

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photomètre servant à la mesure de la densité optique des échantillons de surfaces photographiques traitées (suivant des normes de développement et de fixage.)  2, record 10, French, - densitom%C3%A8tre

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opacímetro para medir la densidad de una fotografía por transparencia (clisés) o por reflexión (papel).  2, record 10, Spanish, - densit%C3%B3metro

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A laser scanning microscopy system that focuses on a single plane of light through a biological substance, allowing high-resolution, three-dimensional images to be built up.  4, record 11, English, - confocal%20laser%20scanning%20microscopy

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy(LSCM, also referred to as CSLM, Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy) is now established as a valuable tool for obtaining high resolution images and 3-D reconstructions of a variety of biological specimens. In LSCM, a laser light beam is expanded to make optimal use of the optics in the objective. Through a x-y deflection mechanism this beam is turned into a scanning beam, focussed to a small spot by an objective lens onto a fluorescent specimen. The mixture of reflected light and emitted fluorescent light is captured by the same objective and(after conversion into a static beam by the x-y scanner device) is focused onto a photodetector(photomultiplier) via a dichroic mirror(beam splitter). The reflected light is deviated by the dichroic mirror while the emitted fluorescent light passes through in the direction of the photomultiplier. A confocal aperture(pinhole) is placed in front of the photodetector, such that the fluorescent light(not the reflected light!) from points on the specimen that are not within the focal plane(the so called out-of-focus light) where the laser beam was focussed will be largly obstructed by the pinhole. In this way, out-of-focus information(both above and below the focal plane) is greatly reduced.  2, record 11, English, - confocal%20laser%20scanning%20microscopy

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principe de la microscopie confocale à balayage laser (MCBL). Le rayon laser excitateur pénètre dans l'échantillon préalablement marqué par des fluorochromes [...], auparavant répertoriés et choisis en fonction de leurs propriétés à se fixer sur des molécules particulières d'une structure ou d'un objet d'intérêt. Lors de l'impact optique, il y a émission de rayons lumineux provenant de différents plans de la préparation. Grâce à un diaphragme variable («trou d'aiguille» - pinhole), il est possible de sélectionner les rayons émis par un seul plan de préparation et d'éliminer le signal provenant d'autres plans. Les rayons réfléchis sont filtrés en fonction de leur longueurs d'onde puis détectés par des photo-multiplicateurs. Le signal reçu est enfin converti en signal numérique, contribuant à la création d'une image [...]  2, record 11, French, - microscopie%20confocale%20%C3%A0%20balayage%20laser

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tous les champs d'application de la microscopie confocale à balayage laser : localisations intracellulaires par fluorescence (simple et double marquage), reconstitution 3D par fluorescence de structures cellulaires, hybridation in situ, cinétique de processus dans les cellules vivantes, états de surface de matériaux divers.  3, record 11, French, - microscopie%20confocale%20%C3%A0%20balayage%20laser

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The laser Doppler velocimeter sends a monochromatic laser beam toward the target and collects the reflected radiation. According to the Doppler effect, the change in wavelength of the reflected radiation is a function of the targeted object's relative velocity. Thus, the velocity of the object can be obtained by measuring the change in wavelength of the reflected laser light, which is done by forming an interference fringe pattern(i. e. superimpose the original and reflected signals).  3, record 12, English, - laser%20Doppler%20velocimeter

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un [...] instrument recourant à des faisceaux laser est le vélocimètre Doppler à laser de la Survey and General Instruments Company. Le vélocimètre [...] permet la mesure de la vitesse de fluides et de poudres en mouvement.  1, record 12, French, - v%C3%A9locim%C3%A8tre%20Doppler%20%C3%A0%20laser

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An instrument used in geodetic surveying to aid in making long-distance(up to 320 km) observations and composed of one or more plane mirrors so mounted and arranged that a beam of sunlight may be reflected by it in any desired direction(such as toward a distant survey station where it can be observed with a theodolite).  1, record 13, English, - heliotrope

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is sometimes used as an observation signal in triangulation.  1, record 13, English, - heliotrope

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrument servant à renvoyer les rayons solaires à grande distance et servant à faire des signaux convenus.  1, record 13, French, - h%C3%A9liotrope

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If a parallel beam of X-rays, wavelength, strikes a set of crystal planes it is reflected from the different planes, interference occurring between X-rays reflected from adjacent planes. Bragg's law states that constructive interference takes place when the difference in pathlength... is equal to an integral number of wavelengths...  1, record 14, English, - Bragg%27s%20law

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Relation entre la longueur d'onde [...] d'un rayonnement [...] arrivant sur un cristal et la distance [...] séparant deux plans réticulaires consécutifs de ce cristal [...]  3, record 14, French, - loi%20de%20Bragg

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A complex prism unit which includes a pair of internally reflecting surfaces perpendicular to each other, thus resembling a roof externally. One type is the Amici prism ...  1, record 15, English, - roof%20prism

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a roof prism consists of a right-angled prism whose hypotenuse surface is replaced by an internally reflecting roof, so that a beam entering one of the other faces perpendicularly will be reflected successively at both surfaces of the roof and emerge from the last surface in a direction perpendicular to the incident path to form an inverted image.  1, record 15, English, - roof%20prism

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A measuring instrument in which the indications are given by the position of a beam of light reflected by a mirror which is integral with the moving element.  1, record 16, English, - measuring%20instrument%20with%20mirror

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil mesureur dans lequel les indications sont données par la position d'un faisceau lumineux réfléchi par un miroir solidaire de l'équipage mobile.  1, record 16, French, - appareil%20mesureur%20%C3%A0%20miroir

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

appareil mesureur à miroir : recommandation internationale de la Troisième Conférence Internationale de Métrologie Légale, 1968.  2, record 16, French, - appareil%20mesureur%20%C3%A0%20miroir

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Welding Robot Visual Sensor Controller... This product is a control device for an arc-discharge-type welding robot for welding complex shapes. The position of and distance to the weld target are detected via a laser beam that is reflected by the object being welded. Even the most complicated contour is followed automatically to perform continuous welding.  2, record 17, English, - welding%20robot

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... si ce bâtiment a coûté aussi cher, c'est parce que tout a été repensé : tout le mobilier a été dessiné, on a inventé un robot à souder, etc...  4, record 17, French, - robot%20de%20soudage

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A modified vidicon television camera tube, in which the output signal is derived from the depleted electron beam, reflected from the tube target. The RBV can be considered as a cross between a vidicon and an orthicon. RBV's provide highest resolution TV imagery, and are used in the ERTS(LANDSAT) series.  3, record 18, English, - return%20beam%20vidicon

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les satellites Landsat ont à leur bord trois principaux systèmes d'observation : un vidicon à retour de faisceau, un balayeur multispectral et un système de collecte de données.  3, record 18, French, - vidicon%20%C3%A0%20faisceau%20de%20retour

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of scanning mechanism that utilizes a CRT-generated beam of light to raster-scan a stationary document mounted on a flatbed platen. Through lens optics, the reflected beam of light is focused onto a photomultiplier and is converted into an electrical signal. High resolution is a primary characteristic of this method.  1, record 19, English, - CRT%20flying%20spot%20scanner

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type de mécanisme de balayage faisant appel à un faisceau de lumière produit par un tube à rayon cathodique pour balayer un document fixe placé sur une platine. Le faisceau de lumière réfléchi est focalisé sur un photomultiplicateur et converti en un signal électrique. Ce qui caractérise cette méthode, c'est la haute résolution.  1, record 19, French, - scanner%20%C3%A0%20spot%20mobile%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9r%C3%A9%20par%20tube%20%C3%A0%20rayons%20cathodiques

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

At the peak of a reflected beam, the area of a plate multiplied by the gain of an antenna.  1, record 20, English, - maximum%20reflectance

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The laser(or lidar) velocimeter [lidar=light radar] operates in a fashion entirely analogous to that of the airborne Doppler weather radars likely soon to be available for detecting turbulence in storm cells. As with radars, the device detects air movements by observing the motion of particles suspended in the air and carried with it. The only significant difference is that a beam of coherent infrared radiation is used to scan ahead of the aircraft, instead of a beam(or series of pulses) of radio energy in the considerably longer-wavelength microwave band. The frequency of the back-scattered echoes or reflections undergoes Doppler shift detection by standard heterodyning techniques, which involve comparing the frequency of the reflected illumination with that of the original laser beam. Any reflecting object or material which has motion relative to the transmitter/receiver will cause a detectable shift in frequency, which can be isolated from the transmitter's own proper motion(over the ground) and thus yield a precise indication of the speed at which the air is moving several hundred metres in front of the aircraft. From this data, it is easy to compute what the air speed of the aircraft will be when it reaches that particular patch of air in a few seconds’ time [and hence detect possible turbulence ahead].  2, record 21, English, - laser%20velocimeter

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le principe de fonctionnement du vélocimètre à laser (ou lidar) est exactement le même que celui des radars météorologiques Doppler de bord, qui doivent être mis en service prochainement pour la détection des turbulences dans les systèmes d'orages.  1, record 21, French, - v%C3%A9locim%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20laser

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An energy pulse reflected from the most remote boundary of a body reached by the beam and directly opposite to part of the surface on which the probe(or probes) is positioned, and returned to that surface by the shortest path.(RAIL 17673)  1, record 22, English, - bottom%20echo

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Impulsion d'énergie réfléchie depuis la surface la plus éloignée atteinte par le faisceau et directement opposée à celle de sondage et revenant vers le point d'émission par le chemin le plus court. (OREU-79 n. 2411)  1, record 22, French, - %C3%A9cho%20de%20fond

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Primary radar is(...) the original form of radio-detection, in which a beam of microwave energy illuminates a passive or "non-cooperating" target and the reflected pulse or echo is processed to display its bearing and distance from the transmitter(three-dimensional or height-finder radars will also display its altitude, although these are, so far, restricted to military surveillance applications, essentially for reasons of cost, plus the fact that there are alternative means of determining the altitude of aircraft, other than hostile intruders).  1, record 23, English, - passive%20target

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le radar primaire, c'est (...) la forme originale de la détection électromagnétique: un faisceau de micro-ondes est envoyé sur une cible passive et le signal réfléchi par celle-ci est traité pour en déterminer et faire apparaître sur un écran le relèvement et distance par rapport à l'émetteur (les radars tridimensionnels indiquent en outre l'altitude de la cible mais, essentiellement pour des raisons de coût et parce qu'il est possible de déterminer l'altitude des aéronefs amis par d'autres moyens, leurs applications sont actuellement limitées à la surveillance militaire).  1, record 23, French, - cible%20passive

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An instrument in which the reading is given by the movement of a beam of light reflected from a mirror affixed to the moving element.  1, record 24, English, - mirror%20instrument

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish