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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A wooden instrument resembling a sword, used for beating and scraping flax or hemp so as to cleanse it of woody or coarse particles ...  3, record 1, English, - scutching%20knife

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

First, a process called rippling used coarse iron wire combs to strip the seeds and leaves from the [flax] plant. Next, the stalks were retted to loosen the pectin or gum that attaches the fiber to the stem. [...] After retting, the plants were squeezed ans allowed to dry before they were broken on a flax brake. [...] More chaff was removed with a scutching knife and board, then the fiber was drawn through hackles [...] to comb and straighten the longer fibers prior to spinning.  7, record 1, English, - scutching%20knife

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

scutcher: Although the designation originally referred to the manual tool, it is currently used to refer to the scutching machine.  8, record 1, English, - scutching%20knife

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Planche de bois dur, peu épaisse, munie d'une poignée avec laquelle on [frappe] la filasse lors de l'écangage.  3, record 1, French, - %C3%A9cang

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bleaching, like other preparatory processes, such as retting, scutching, and particularly scouring, breaks down the bundles into ultimate(unicellular) fibers. This process is termed "cottonization. "  1, record 2, English, - cottonization

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La cotonnisation consiste à traiter le lin brut par une solution bouillante de soude caustique, puis à l'imprégner de carbonate de sodium et à le tremper dans une solution aqueuse diluée d'acide; on obtient ainsi des fibres très divisées, que l'on blanchit généralement ensuite.  1, record 2, French, - cotonnisation

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chemical retting. Retting can also be carried out by treating the flax straw with chemical solutions. Such reagents as caustic soda sodium carbonate... have been employed with some success.  1, record 3, English, - chemical%20retting

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rouissage sous action chimique. Le lin est soumis à l'action des hydrocarbures pendant 3 ou 4 heures qui décomposent la pectose en pectine.  1, record 3, French, - rouissage%20sous%20action%20chimique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Jute is a primary resource fiber... The inner fibers of the jute stalk are very soft after retting, cleaning and combing and being spun into yarn... Throughout history jute fiber has been treasured for its capacity to take and hold beautiful colors. Brilliantly dyed jute fibers have been found in neolithic remains dating back thousands of years. And jute fiber's natural sheen always retains the look of fine silk... Jute fiber has natural fire retardant properties.  2, record 4, English, - jute%20fibre

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Jute : Origine végétale. La fibre dite libérienne (située dans le liber) est extraite de la tige d'une plante (le corchorus) appelée communément jute ou chanvre du Bengale. Présentant des cellules polygonales avec un canal central, elle est composée de 65 % de cellulose, 24 % de lignine, 0,4% de cire matières grasses, 0,8 % de cendres et le reste en humidité. La fibre de jute est soyeuse, courte (2,5 mm) et de faible résistance. Sa couleur varie du blanc perle au brun. Elle est utilisée pour la fabrication de toiles grossières, de tentures ou de canevas.  1, record 4, French, - fibre%20de%20jute

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A mechanical or hand process of separating bast fibers from the woody part of the stems after retting.  1, record 5, English, - scutching

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération (mécanique ou manuelle) permettant de séparer les fibres libériennes, après rouissage et séchage, des parties ligneuses des riges de chanvre (chènevottes) ou de lin, afin d'obtenir de la filasse.  1, record 5, French, - teillage

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

After retting and drying the flax plants are put through a machine with tightly interlocking fluted rollers to break up the wood core. Scutching now follows to remove the wood or shive from the fibre. This is a beating process previously done on the scutcher's wheel, but now carried out on a turbine scutcher as a continuous process, part of a factory system.  1, record 6, English, - turbine%20scutcher

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Stream retting is done in running water and results in light yellow fibers("blonde").  1, record 7, English, - stream%20retting

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le rouissage se fait suivant diverses techniques: [...] en eau courante, en plongeant les tiges dans des rivières.  1, record 7, French, - rouissage%20en%20eau%20courante

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bundle of white bast ... This cleaned white bast or raw fiber is transformed during the next phase into "paper stock" for sheet-forming.  1, record 8, English, - bundle%20of%20bast

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Retting destroys the cellular tissue that holds the bast bundle together, but does not... separate the individual cells one from another.  2, record 8, English, - bundle%20of%20bast

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Rouir : Éliminer, par immersion [...] les matières pectiques de la zone libérienne dans lesquelles sont noyés les faisceaux de fibres de certaines plantes textiles [...]  2, record 8, French, - faisceau%20de%20fibres%20lib%C3%A9riennes

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Retting is the decomposition of the adhesive substances that bind the fiber together.  1, record 9, English, - bind

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When [tomato] seeds are to be extracted for planting, the inhibitory substances and the gelatinous sheath are eliminated by a process of retting, or fermentation.  1, record 10, English, - gelatinous%20sheath

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsqu'on doit extraire les graines [de tomate] pour les semer, les substances inhibitrices et la gangue gélatineuse sont éliminées par fermentation.  1, record 10, French, - gangue%20g%C3%A9latineuse

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

--.(...) the de-seedes straw, tied in bundles, is packed into concrete tanks which are filled with water and artificially heated to about 30 degree C. Retting is completed in about 3 days.  1, record 11, English, - tank%2Dretting

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

le rouissage se fait suivant diverse techniques: (...) en cuve en immergeant les tiges de lin dans de grands bacs en ciment.  1, record 11, French, - rouissage%20en%20cuve

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish