TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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When a tree seed germinates, the first(primary) root grows down in the soil in response to gravity. Secondary roots then branch off horizontally, with subsequent branching into tertiary roots, etc. Absorption of water and mineral nutrients is the function of the very fine, non-woody roots(the feeder roots). With continued growth, each root will lose its ability for absorption. These larger woody roots then function as the transport system for water and nutrients from the new feeder roots to the stem. They are also the tree's system of anchorage and a food storage area. The resulting system thus consists of several main transport roots that extend radically and horizontally from the tree base and divide into ever smaller roots, each ending in a dense mass of fine feeder roots.  2, record 1, English, - feeder%20roots

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Les racines des arbres et des arbustes assurent leur ancrage dans le sol, l'absorption d'eau et de minéraux, le transport de la sève et le stockage de matière nutritive. Elles peuvent être grossièrement divisées en deux grandes catégories : • les racines ligneuses qui forment la structure du système racinaire et assurent l'ancrage ainsi que le support de la plante; • les racines non ligneuses, souvent appelées «racines nourricières», «racines fines» ou «racines absorbantes», qui ont pour principale fonction d'absorber l'eau et les éléments minéraux.  1, record 1, French, - racine%20non%20ligneuse

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

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El oxígeno tomado mediante las lenticelas se transporta hasta las raíces finas, en donde se excreta y forma una rizosfera oxigenada, en donde las raíces de alimentación absorben nutrientes elementales como nitratos y fosfatos.  1, record 1, Spanish, - ra%C3%ADces%20de%20alimentaci%C3%B3n

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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Heat mats provide gentle bottom heat to speed germination and encourage stronger root growth. Heat mats warm the root zone 10-20 degrees above room temperature, making them ideal for starting heat loving crops such as tomatoes, peppers end eggplants from seed.  2, record 2, English, - seedling%20heat%20mat

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Les tapis chauffants dégagent une chaleur constante qui assure une croissance optimale des nouvelles pousses.  3, record 2, French, - tapis%20chauffant

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Tooth maturation is a complex series of events from initial tooth mineralization, crown formation, root growth, tooth eruption into the oral cavity, and root apex maturation.  2, record 3, English, - dental%20maturation

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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La dentition est le processus dynamique de croissance par lequel les dents se forment et apparaissent selon une chronologie précise.  3, record 3, French, - dentition

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

No-dig gardening is a method that aims for minimal disturbance of the soil, so that the natural processes can be preserved. This allows the natural organisms to thrive, increasing the soil' s overall health and therefore that of your plants. An example of these organisms is mycorrhizal fungus, which forms a mutualistic relationship with plants and aid in root growth. Digging your garden can break up the fungal threads in the soil, meaning that your plants don’t benefit from these helpful organisms. No-dig gardening allows natural relationships between organisms to flourish and preserves the overall structure of the soil, leading to improved plant growth.  1, record 4, English, - no%2Ddig%20gardening

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Both the leaf and root microbiota contain bacteria that provide indirect pathogen protection, but root microbiota members appear to serve additional host functions through the acquisition of nutrients from soil for plant growth. Thus, the plant microbiota emerges as a fundamental trait that includes mutualism enabled through diverse biochemical mechanisms, as revealed by studies on plant growth–promoting and plant health–promoting bacteria.  2, record 5, English, - root%20microbiota

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Land plants host rich and diverse microbial communities in the thin layer of soil adhering to the roots, i.e., the rhizosphere, and within the root tissues, designated rhizosphere and root microbiota, respectively.  3, record 5, English, - root%20microbiota

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une partie importante du carbone fixé par les feuilles par la photosynthèse est secrétée par les racines dans la rhizosphère sous forme de molécules organiques. Ces exsudats racinaires représentent entre 5 à 30 % des produits de la photosynthèse [...] Ils nourrissent une importante communauté microbienne à l'interface sol-racine : le microbiote racinaire.  2, record 5, French, - microbiote%20racinaire

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Boron Deficiency. A small quantity of boron is required for normal growth of most plants. For some there is not much leeway between necessary and toxic amounts; other plants require or tolerate large amounts. Deficiency symptoms vary with the crop... Beets, turnips, other root crops. Black Heart, Brown Heart. Roots have dark spots; plants are gradually stunted and dwarfed; leaves are small, variegated, twisted. The interior of the beet or turnip has a dark brown to nearly black water-soaked area, sometimes with a hollow center. The amount of borax that can be added without injury depends on type of soil and moisture content.  1, record 6, English, - brown%20heart

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Le manque de bore cause la maladie du «cœur brun» ou «pourriture du cœur» de la betterave. Les feuilles du cœur se développent mal, brunissent et meurent. Une déficience grave se marque par un noircissement subséquent du tissu intérieur, sous la couronne des feuilles. Une vacuole noire se forme, progressant vers l'intérieur de la racine. Parfois, de petites feuilles déformées se développent sur les bords de la vacuole. Lutte : l'application de borax, à raison de 20 à 25 kg/ha, doit être effectuée avant semis ou après la levée.  1, record 6, French, - c%26oelig%3Bur%20brun

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] fungal infection that causes the seed or seedling to rot and die.  5, record 7, English, - seedling%20blight

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It can be characterized by patches in the field that fail to germinate. If the seedlings do manage to germinate, they may not emerge, or they may emerge and then become brown, pinched, and die. Other symptoms include stunted and yellow growth, or reduced root growth with brown spots on the roots and coleoptile.  5, record 7, English, - seedling%20blight

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

damping-off: term used at the Canadian Grain Commission.  6, record 7, English, - seedling%20blight

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seedling blight: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  6, record 7, English, - seedling%20blight

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dégât, le plus souvent d'origine cryptogamique, caractérisant le dépérissement et la mort des jeunes plantes d'un semis.  4, record 7, French, - fonte%20de%20semis

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[La fonte des semis] est due à divers genres de champignon [...]  5, record 7, French, - fonte%20de%20semis

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fonte des semis : terme en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains.  6, record 7, French, - fonte%20de%20semis

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fonte des semis : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  6, record 7, French, - fonte%20de%20semis

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enfermedad que ataca con preferencia a las plántulas en semillero. Es causada por el hongo ficomicete Pythium debaryanum.  3, record 7, Spanish, - quemado%20de%20semillas

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Soil loosening to either of the depths(27 or 47 cm) resulted in a significant increase in pasture production [...] These increases in production are attributed to the creation of improved soil physical conditions which enabled increased rates of root growth and proliferation within the depth of loosening.  3, record 8, English, - soil%20loosening

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soil loosening: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  4, record 8, English, - soil%20loosening

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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ameublissement : Façon culturale visant à fractionner le sol pour faciliter certaines opérations.  2, record 8, French, - ameublissement%20du%20sol

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

ameublissement du sol : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 8, French, - ameublissement%20du%20sol

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... business incubators provide conditions to encourage fledglings’ growth, typically by offering cheap office space, free or reduced-rate services and vital introductions to venture capitalists.... The Maryland incubators serve about 270 businesses, and their clients... The University of Maryland opened the state's first incubator in 1985, when the concept was just beginning to catch on nationwide. Most of the rest took root in the last decade, and more incubators-and post-incubators-are on the way.  2, record 9, English, - business%20post%2Dincubator

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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[...] les incubateurs se dotent, de plus en plus, de dispositifs complémentaires : fonds d'investissement, post-incubateurs, accélérateurs...  2, record 9, French, - post%2Dincubateur%20d%27entreprises

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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A tube inserted into a rooting medium in order to observe root growth.  4, record 10, English, - minirhizotron

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Ces plants ont ensuite été placés sur tourbe en minirhizotrons de 3 cm X 70 cm [...] puis transférés en chambre climatisée [...] À la mise en place, la tourbe a été saturée par une solution nutritive diluée [...] et chaque semaine, au moment de la lecture de la croissance des racines, les minirhizotrons ont été retrempés durant environ 5 mn dans cette solution à température de la chambre climatisée, afin de resaturer la tourbe.  1, record 10, French, - minirhizotron

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One new tool for urban tree establishment is the redesign of the entire pavement profile to meet the load-bearing requirement for structurally sound pavement installation while encouraging deep root growth away from the pavement surface.  2, record 11, English, - urban%20tree

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Determinate root growth is an important adaptation feature for seedling establishment in some Cactaceae.  2, record 12, English, - determinate%20root%20growth

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Determinate root growth implies that the root apical meristem becomes exhausted.  3, record 12, English, - determinate%20root%20growth

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit de la croissance des racines limitée génétiquement ou par des facteurs extérieurs (environnementaux, chimiques, etc.).  2, record 12, French, - croissance%20racinaire%20d%C3%A9termin%C3%A9e

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une telle croissance implique le fait que le méristème apical racinaire est désactivé.  2, record 12, French, - croissance%20racinaire%20d%C3%A9termin%C3%A9e

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heterorhizy or the recognition of different types of roots with differing growth potentials belonging to the one root system has been well described for pines by Hatch and Doak(1933) and Wilcox(1964, 1967).  2, record 13, English, - heterorhizy

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans la forêt boréale, les espèces végétales dominantes sont principalement ectomycorhiziennes (i.e., Pinaceae). Un processus de co-évolution veut que l'hétérorhizie des systèmes racinaires des conifères ectomycotrophes soit issue des besoins de la symbiose [...]  1, record 13, French, - h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rorhizie

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plasmid, normally indigenous to Agrobacterium rhizogenis, which is the agent of the "hairy root" disease.  2, record 14, English, - root%2Dinducing%20plasmid

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A segment of the plasmid, T-DNA is inserted into the plant genome during the course of infection. The DNA alters the development of the root, resulting in extensive growth and branching.  2, record 14, English, - root%2Dinducing%20plasmid

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plasmide responsable de la prolifération radiculaire des racines chez les plantes infectées par Agrobacterium rhyzogenes, agent de la «maladie capillaire des racines».  2, record 14, French, - plasmide%20inducteur%20de%20racines

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un segment du plasmide, soit l'ADN-T, est inséré dans le génome de la plante durant le processus infectieux. Cet ADN-T modifie la croissance des racines et a pour effet de provoquer leur allongement de façon considérable.  2, record 14, French, - plasmide%20inducteur%20de%20racines

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Clase de plásmidos conjugativos de tamaño grande que se encuentran en la bacteria del suelo Agrobacterium rhizogenes, y que pueden infectar ciertas plantas, causando la enfermedad de las raíces en cabellera.  1, record 14, Spanish, - pl%C3%A1smido%20inductor%20de%20ra%C3%ADces

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lo mismo que los plásmidos Ti [inductor de tumores], los plásmidos Ri contienen secuencias que son transferidas a las células vegetales e insertadas en su ADN como parte del proceso de infección.  1, record 14, Spanish, - pl%C3%A1smido%20inductor%20de%20ra%C3%ADces

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ti y Ri por sus siglas en inglés.  2, record 14, Spanish, - pl%C3%A1smido%20inductor%20de%20ra%C3%ADces

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nodular hypertrophy on root formed under natural conditions of growth, involved in nitrogen fixation, and occurring especially in Leguminosae but also in a group of non-legume Angiospermous plants.  2, record 15, English, - nodule

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Excroissance, plus ou moins volumineuse, portée par les racines de légumineuses, provoquée par des bactéries symbiotiques fixatrices d'azote atmosphérique, appartenant au genre Rhizobium.  2, record 15, French, - nodosit%C3%A9

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estructura globular engrosada que se forma en las raíces de las leguminosas que contienen bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno.  1, record 15, Spanish, - n%C3%B3dulo

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Astro/PGBA [Astro/plant generic bioprocessing apparatus] experiment hardware is contained in a double locker that will be installed into the EXPRESS Rack after the Shuttle is in orbit. The hardware consists of a plant growth chamber with a 10-inch by 12-inch growth area that allows 10 inches of plant height and 2 inches of roots. Fluorescent or LEO lighting will simulate sunlight, and an atmospheric control system will maintain set levels of carbon dioxide and humidity while scrubbing volatile organic compounds, such as ethylene, that can accumulate and inhibit plant growth. Plant transpiration water, collected from a dehumidifier system, can be recirculated back into the root matrix. A computer system will control experiment operations and provide engineering and video data for downlink to investigators on the ground.  2, record 16, English, - astro%2Fplant%20generic%20bioprocessing%20apparatus

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The PGBA has successfully supported plant experiments that examine changes in plant lignification and related downstream biochemical consequences, especially production of secondary metabolites.  3, record 16, English, - astro%2Fplant%20generic%20bioprocessing%20apparatus

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 3 OBS

astro/plant biogeneric processing apparatus: term officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  4, record 16, English, - astro%2Fplant%20generic%20bioprocessing%20apparatus

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les experiences de biologie Astro/PGBA (Plant Generic Bioprecessing Apparatus) et de science des colloïdes PHaSE (Physics of Hard Spheres Experiment) se trouvent sur un «bâti EXPRESS.  1, record 16, French, - exp%C3%A9rience%20de%20biologie%20Astro%2FPGBA

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

expérience de biologie Astro/PGBA : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  2, record 16, French, - exp%C3%A9rience%20de%20biologie%20Astro%2FPGBA

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In landscaping and gardening, the practice of covering the root system of a bareroot tree or plant with a mixture of topsoil and water right before planting thus coating the hair roots and allowing quick transplant recovery and growth.  2, record 17, English, - puddling

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le pralinage consiste à enrober les racines d'un jeune arbre ou les graines, que le jardinier va semer, d'une substance pâteuse : le pralin.  2, record 17, French, - pralinage

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pralin : Terre mélangée d'eau utilisée pour praliner les racines avant leur mise en terre. Ce mélange est renforcé d'un désinfectant quand il s'agit d'assurer la protection des graines contre les parasites.  2, record 17, French, - pralinage

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pralinage. Cette opération en apportant aux racines fraîcheur et même hormones de reprise, facilite grandement la réussite de la plantation d'autant qu'elle crée autour d'elles une carapace terreuse déjà bien adhérente. Préparons un mélange de boue argileuse et d'hormones (dans les proportions recommandées par le fabricant) et laissons tremper les racines des végétaux un quart d'heure dans cette préparation. Plantons après avoir laissé sécher la "praline". Le pralinage devient indispensable pour toute plantation effectuée en fin de printemps.  3, record 17, French, - pralinage

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A disease characterized by] white finger-like fans [...] in the bark [...], external white greyish mycelial sheets [...], root-rot showing wooly mycelium around the roots. Trees show different degrees of discoloration, slow growth and die-back [...], at the root crown a black gummy ooze is observed.  4, record 18, English, - white%20root%20rot%20disease

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rosellinia necatrix is responsible for what is sometimes called white root rot, or "pourridié laineux" in Francophone literature. Its infections on poplars has so far been confined to rather limited areas.  5, record 18, English, - white%20root%20rot%20disease

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Présence en surface des racines et du collet, de rhizomorphes (cordons) formant une toile mycélienne blanche à gris souris (de type toile d’araignée).  3, record 18, French, - pourridi%C3%A9%20laineux

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pourridié laineux [...]. Sous l'écorce on trouve des éventails blancs en forme de doigts de gants qui sont des rhizomorphes ramifiés et à l'extérieur une couche de mycélium blanc grisâtre. [...] Les arbres présentent différents degrés de décoloration, une croissance lente et peuvent connaître le dépérissement après une période de sécheresse ou un lent déclin au fil des années. Les feuilles restent attachées à la plante qui meurt rapidement. Les plantes en déclin présentent un déssèchement et des feuilles rabougries sur les rameaux de la base. Un suintement gommeux, noir, est observé à l'extrémité de la racine.  2, record 18, French, - pourridi%C3%A9%20laineux

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enfermedad criptogámica [debida a la acción del hongo Rosellinia necatrix]. Es muy polífaga, ya que también ataca a la viña, los frutales, y los árboles forestales. Las raíces se pudren y sobre su corteza se observa un micelio blancuzco que más tarde se vuelve parduzco y casi negro.  4, record 18, Spanish, - pudrici%C3%B3n%20blanca%20de%20ra%C3%ADz

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La podredumbre blanca (PB), causada por Rosellinia necatrix Prillieux [...], es una de las principales enfermedades en árboles de aguacate (Persea americana) [...]. El hongo invade el sistema radicular del árbol mediante un micelio blanco en forma de abanico, causando clorosis, marchitez, y desfoliación en algunos casos, que en condiciones ambientales óptimas, puede dar lugar a una muerte rápida.  3, record 18, Spanish, - pudrici%C3%B3n%20blanca%20de%20ra%C3%ADz

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Root colonizing bacteria(rhizobacteria) that exert beneficial effects on plant development via direct or indirect mechanisms have been defined as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR).  1, record 19, English, - plant%20growth%20promoting%20rhizobacterium

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Plural: plant growth promoting rhizobacteria  2, record 19, English, - plant%20growth%20promoting%20rhizobacterium

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les bactéries adaptées à l'environnement de la racine sont appelées rhizobactéries. Elles ont soit un effet négatif sur la croissance de la plante (compétition pour les nutriments, pathogènes, etc.), soit un effet neutre. D'autres ont un effet bénéfique sur la plante et sont appelées les rhizobactéries promotrices de la croissance végétale ou PGPR (« plant growth promoting rhizobacteria »).  2, record 19, French, - rhizobact%C3%A9rie%20favorisant%20la%20croissance%20des%20plantes

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las rizobacterias estimuladoras del crecimiento vegetal (RPCV) y los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA), estimulan positivamente elcrecimiento de las plantas, también contribuyen al estado nutricional de las mismas, generando incrementos en el rendimiento y en la eficiencia de la fertilización nitrogenada.  2, record 19, Spanish, - rizobacteria%20promotora%20del%20crecimiento%20de%20las%20plantas

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A yellow to yellow-brown humic substance that is soluble in water under all pH conditions.  2, record 20, English, - fulvic%20acid

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A constituent of humus, fulvic acids are amino acids that emerge from a process of decomposition of organic matter. They operate enzymatically within seed tissue to increase water absorption, respiration, and speed germination; they also enhance root initiation and act as a growth hormone to increase secondary and lateral root development.  3, record 20, English, - fulvic%20acid

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des matières humiques peu polymérisées qui restent en solution dans un extrait alcalin d'humus après acidification.  2, record 20, French, - acide%20fulvique

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The directional growth of a plant, in response to the stimulus of direct contact.  3, record 21, English, - thigmotropism

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thigmotropism is a name derived from the Greek root thigma, meaning "touch. "A thigmotropism is a response of a plant or plant part to contact with the touch of an object, animal, plant, or even the wind. When a tendril makes contact with an object, specialized epidermal cells... perceive the contact and promote uneven growth, causing the tendril to curl around the object...  4, record 21, English, - thigmotropism

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are two kinds of thigmotropism: positive thigmotropism (the stem’s reaction toward the touching object) and negative thigmotropism (a root’s reaction away from a touching object into the soil).  5, record 21, English, - thigmotropism

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] tropisme dont le stimulus est le contact.  3, record 21, French, - thigmotropisme

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

C'est par haptotropisme que les racines contournent les cailloux du sol, que les vrilles des plantes grimpantes et les tiges volubiles s'accrochent aux supports.  4, record 21, French, - thigmotropisme

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] le thigmotropisme, ou haptotropisme, des plantes à vrilles, qui, au contact d'un support, permet aux vrilles de se courber et de s'enrouler autour de lui, par suite d'une brutale accélération de la croissance du côté qui ne touche pas le support.  5, record 21, French, - thigmotropisme

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il existe deux types de thigmotropisme : le thigmotropisme positif (par exemple une plante (vrille) s'enroule autour du tuteur) et le thigmotropisme négatif (par exemple la plante (vrille) ignore le tuteur).  6, record 21, French, - thigmotropisme

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tropismo provocado por el contacto con un cuerpo sólido.  5, record 21, Spanish, - tigmotropismo

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El tigmotropismo es la respuesta de la planta al contacto con objetos sólidos. Los zarcillos de las viñas se arrollan alrededor de un objeto, permitiéndole crecer hacia arriba.  1, record 21, Spanish, - tigmotropismo

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi form mutualistic, symbiotic associations with the roots of more than 80% of land plants1. The fungi are incapable of completing their life cycle in the absence of a host root. Their spores can germinate and grow in the absence of a host, but their hyphal growth is very limited.  1, record 22, English, - arbuscular%20mycorrhizal%20fungus

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les Glomeromycetes, champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules (MA), sont des microorganismes symbiotiques qui vivent en association avec des plantes.  1, record 22, French, - champignon%20mycorhizien%20%C3%A0%20arbuscules

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The method of grafting new plant growth onto a stronger root system by establishing young plants near an existing tree and removing matching areas of bark to bind growing branches of the younger tree to branches of the old until they grow together and can be separated with the new branches attached to the older rootstock.  3, record 23, English, - inarching

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Inarching is similar to approach grafting in that both stock and scion plants are on their own roots at the time of grafting; it differs in that the top of the new root stock plant usually does not extend above the point of the graft union as it does in approach grafting.  4, record 23, English, - inarching

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Greffe] par laquelle les greffons continuent à appartenir aux plantes qui les produisent.  4, record 23, French, - greffe%20en%20approche

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Technique de greffage.  3, record 23, French, - greffe%20en%20approche

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cooler falls result in increased sugar content and beet quality, but does so at the expense of root yield. In cooler periods, photosynthesis and sugar production continue in beets, but the cooler conditions are not as conducive to growth, and more of the sugar produced is stored in the roots as less is used in growth. In unusually warm fall weather, just the opposite occurs as tonnage increases at the cost of stored sugar.  1, record 24, English, - stored%20sugar

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le topinambour a pour principale caractéristique une teneur relativement élevée en glucides : 8 à 10 g pour 100 g [...] Ces glucides présentent l'originalité d'être constitués, pour environ 50 %, par de l'insuline. Cette substance, qui peut être considérée comme un sucre de réserve de la plante, est un fructosane de structure complexe. On le trouve aussi dans d'autres légumes de la famille de composés, comme les salsifis, les cardons, les artichauts.  1, record 24, French, - sucre%20de%20r%C3%A9serve

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Identification of mechanisms by which plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) affect plants is required to obtain consistent or predictable increases in crop yields using PGPR. We conducted an outdoor lysimeter study using twelve glass-fronted rhizotrons to determine if inoculation with a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens might benefit spring wheat yield by altering root growth. Inoculated and uninoculated treatments were either well-watered or subjected to terminal drought with just one surface irrigation at anthesis.  2, record 25, English, - terminal%20drought

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plusieurs études ont signalé un apport accru de carbone dans les processus souterrains. Un aspect important à considérer à ce point dans la revue de littérature est que la plupart des expériences concernent la croissance de plantes pendant une courte période dans un volume de sol limité à un pot ou de la taille d'un bac. Dans une étude avec des herbes et du trèfle cultivés en bac, on montre que, au cours d'une période de sécheresse terminale se développant vite, l'efficience de l'utilisation de l'eau est presque doublée et que le stress apparaît plus tard à une [CO2] élevée. Ces conditions améliorent donc la possibilité d'éviter le stress de sécheresse.  2, record 25, French, - s%C3%A9cheresse%20terminale

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  2, record 25, French, - s%C3%A9cheresse%20terminale

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, record 25, French, - s%C3%A9cheresse%20terminale

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Structural features and other characteristics of old-growth forests, including : large trees for the species and site; wide variation in tree sizes and spacing; accumulations of large dead standing and fallen trees; multiple canopy layers; canopy gaps and understory patchiness; elements of decay such as broken or deformed tops or trunks and root decay; and the presence of species characteristic of old growth.  2, record 26, English, - old%2Dgrowth%20attributes

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Éléments structurels qui composent la forêt ancienne.  3, record 26, French, - caract%C3%A9ristiques%20de%20la%20for%C3%AAt%20ancienne

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'âge auquel on commence à observer ces caractéristiques de vieille forêt varie, mais semble se situer entre 160 et 180 ans. D'autres facteurs clés que l'âge du peuplement qui contribuent à l'apparition des caractéristiques de vieille forêt (mesurées par un indice de même nom) ou influent sur leur évolution sont l'altitude et le régime hydrique (modifiés par l'emplacement de la station).  2, record 26, French, - caract%C3%A9ristiques%20de%20la%20for%C3%AAt%20ancienne

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A hair-like growth on the root epidermis which absorbs water and minerals for the plant.  2, record 27, English, - root%20hair

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sur la racine des plantes, servant à l'absorption de l'eau et des substances minérales.  3, record 27, French, - poil%20absorbant

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Prolongación de las células periféricas próximas al ápice de las radicelas, semejantes a pelos, que sirven a la planta para absorber del suelo el agua y las sustancias nutricias disueltas en ella.  1, record 27, Spanish, - pelo%20absorbente

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Living on or in roots.  4, record 28, English, - radicicolous

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The life cycle of phylloxera Daktulospaira vitifoliae(Fitch) on the grapevine. The active root stage of the insect is known as the radicole and its feeding results in the formation of nodosity and tuberosity root swellings. Several parthenogenic female radicole generations are produced during the active growth of the vine. Crawlers of the radicole form migrate above and below ground to the roots of other vines.-The overwintering root form is called a hibernant and does not feed.... The egg of the fundatrix hatches into the gallicole female, which forms additional galls and several more parthenogenic generations are produced during the active growth of the vine. The gallicole may migrate to other leaves, or to roots where a new radicole cycle is initiated.  3, record 28, English, - radicicolous

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The larvae are radicicolous, as in most of the Eumolpinae.  5, record 28, English, - radicicolous

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Radicicolous flora.  4, record 28, English, - radicicolous

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui croît et vit sur les racines, [souvent à leurs dépens].  2, record 28, French, - radicicole

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'insecte appelé radicicole, dont les piqûres entraînent le dépérissement et la mort du cep.  2, record 28, French, - radicicole

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

S'oppose à gallicicole.  3, record 28, French, - radicicole

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Charançon radicicole, phylloxéra radicicole, puceron radicicole.  4, record 28, French, - radicicole

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Que parasita o utiliza las raíces.  1, record 28, Spanish, - radic%C3%ADcola

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tree growth from a bud, root tip, or other apical meristem.  2, record 29, English, - primary%20growth

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Croissance d'un arbre à partir d'un bourgeon, de l'extrémité d'une racine ou d'autres méristèmes apicaux.  2, record 29, French, - croissance%20primaire

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Desarrollo de una planta por la actividad de un meristemo primario que provoca su crecimiento en longitud.  1, record 29, Spanish, - crecimiento%20primario

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... plants can change their direction of growth (tropism). Plant roots grow away from the light (called "negative phototropism") but toward gravity (called "positive gravitropism"), whereas plant shoots grow toward light (called "positive phototropism") and away from gravity (called "negative gravitropism").  2, record 30, English, - positive%20phototropism

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

If, as is the most common response in stems, the growth is toward the light, it is known as "positive phototropism".... and, since this is away from gravity, it is known as "negative gravitropism". Both responses are moderated by auxin. In the case of light, the auxin moves away from the side toward the light and the cells on that side elongate more, causing the stem to bend toward the light. In the case of gravity and the root, the cells respond to increased auxin by decreasing elongation resulting in the root growing down in response to increased auxin by decreasing elongation just opposite to that of stems.  3, record 30, English, - positive%20phototropism

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La tige ralentit sa croissance du côté éclairé, ce qui a pour effet de diriger son sommet vers la lumière : c'est le phototropisme positif.  1, record 30, French, - phototropisme%20positif

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Complete filling of soil pore space with water.  2, record 31, English, - saturation

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ideal moisture level is reached when water occupies one half of the pore space in soil structure. Soil is saturated when all the pore space is filled with water. Saturated soil has no oxygen in its pore spaces. This dramatically reduces root growth because roots require oxygen for growth. If saturation continues for extended periods, roots will die.  3, record 31, English, - saturation

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

État d'un sol dont la totalité de l'espace poral est occupée par l'eau.  1, record 31, French, - saturation

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans ces conditions son humidité est maximale et égale à l'humidité à saturation.  1, record 31, French, - saturation

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trees on development sites can be damaged by: 1. Asphyxiation of roots (stopping roots breathe); - Ground compaction (especially by vehicles, spoil and storage of materials); - Raising ground levels inappropriately; - Changing the surface (eg. turf to tarmac); - Changing site drainage (especially waterlogging).  2, record 32, English, - root%20asphyxiation

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The water logging conditions will further affect growth and wherever possible growers should take steps to drain water away from their fields. This measure, if accompanied with bright sunshine and high temperatures in the coming days, will alleviate considerably the adverse effects of water logging which can lead not only to reduced growth but also to root asphyxiation and ultimately death of stools.  1, record 32, English, - root%20asphyxiation

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with "wet feet" which is defined in the Internet. [<a href="http://www.goodfruit.com/archive/Oct_97/special3.html" title="http://www.goodfruit.com/archive/Oct_97/special3.html">http://www.goodfruit.com/archive/Oct_97/special3.html</a>] as "a term used to describe a tree that has difficulty growing in wet soil."  3, record 32, English, - root%20asphyxiation

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Saturation du sol et asphyxie des racines. Quand les couches superficielles du sol, voire même les horizons du sol d'une profondeur pouvant aller jusqu'à un mètre, sont saturées, les racines sont soumises à des conditions asphyxiantes en raison de la très faible diffusivité de l'oxygène dissous dans l'eau.  1, record 32, French, - asphyxie%20des%20racines

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A Rhizobium bacterium in a legume root nodule after it has undergone an increase in size(to about forty times its original size) and a change in shape to characteristic X-or Y-shaped cell. Bacteroids lose their capacity for autonomous growth and are dependent on the host. It is in this metamorphosed state that the bacteria carry out nitrogen fixation.  2, record 33, English, - bacteroid

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[It is also] found ... in the body of certain insects.  3, record 33, English, - bacteroid

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cellule bactérienne modifiée ou cellule ressemblant à une bactérie.  2, record 33, French, - bact%C3%A9ro%C3%AFde

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On retrouve ce microorganisme principalement dans les nodosités des racines des plantes et il a faculté de fixer l'azote atmosphérique.  3, record 33, French, - bact%C3%A9ro%C3%AFde

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Value of penetrometer resistance which completely suppressed root growth.  1, record 34, English, - critical%20soil%20strength

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, May, 1994.  1, record 34, English, - critical%20soil%20strength

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Caused root disease and inhibit plant growth.  1, record 35, English, - pathogenic%20fungus

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It’s a good idea to prepare your garden soil a couple of weeks ahead of planting, too. Tilling the soil early will fool weeds into germinating early, and you can then pull them to reduce competition with your seedlings. When there is no longer any risk of frost, take the seedlings out of the pots and plant them into the garden. Water regularly (but don’t over water) and feed with a high quality fertilizer like PINK Vigoro or Instant Vigoro Water Soluble Plant Starter 10-52-10.  1, record 36, English, - plant%20starter

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

It's time to repot when you notice either of the following conditions : your plant needs water daily because it won’t hold any moisture or large roots are pushing through the drain hole. In both cases the root system has grown so big that very little soil is left in the pot. Find a slightly larger container, and transplant using good quality soil. To avoid or minimize transplant shock handle the roots gently and water well after repotting. A good plant starter fertilizer like 10-52-10 will help encourage root growth.  2, record 36, English, - plant%20starter

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fertilisation de départ [...] Généralement, les conifères se plantent au début de l'automne ou tôt au printemps. Creusez une fosse plus grande que la motte et préparez un mélange de base composé de bonne terre et de fumier composté dans lequel vous ajouterez une poignée d'engrais de départ Nutrite 7-27-11.  1, record 36, French, - engrais%20de%20d%C3%A9part

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Transplantonic [...] stimule au printemps le démarrage de la végétation et augmente le rendement des arbres fruitiers.  3, record 36, French, - engrais%20de%20d%C3%A9part

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Propagating from softwood cuttings : 1. To grow shrubs from cuttings of softwood, the young growth of late spring or early summer, remove 5 to 7 inches of healthy stem tips. Use a sharp knife and make a cut 1/2 inch below a leaf joint. Sprinkle the stems with water and wrap them in damp burlap to keep them moistened. 2. When you are ready to root the cuttings, trim the leaves on large-leaved plants to reduce their size by one third to one half. Remove any flowers, buds and leaves on the lower third of the stems.  1, record 37, English, - softwood%20cuttings

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les boutures herbacées : Cette méthode consiste à piquer en milieu spécifique des pousses feuillées de la saison courante en gardant toutes ou certaines feuilles à cette pousse.  1, record 37, French, - boutures%20herbac%C3%A9es

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In tests in which Sevidol 4 : 4 G was incorporated into the soil of nursery seedling/bags(perforated polyethylene bags 22 X 15 cm) at 2. 5, 5. 5, 7. 5 or 10 g/bag, it was shown that the dry weight of the root system 15 or 30 days after incorporation was not adversely affected by the treatment. The growth and mean root weight of the treated and untreated seedlings were almost identical.(CAB Data Base)  2, record 38, English, - seedling%2Fbag

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The portion of the available water in the root zone(50 %) that can be extracted without causing adverse effects on the tree growth, yield and quality.  2, record 39, English, - allowable%20soil%20water%20depletion

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Schedules for sugarcane were simulated using eight management strategies and tree planting dates (representing early, mid and late seasons) to evaluate the water available on a weekly schedule adjustment, irrigation depth limits, allowable soil water depletion and Etr (Evaporation/transpiration) prediction criteria for the Sargodha area of Pakistan. (S. Ahmad and D.F. Heermann. Management Strategies for Scheduling Irrigation Sugarcane. taken from the BIOSIS Data Base).  3, record 39, English, - allowable%20soil%20water%20depletion

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A partir des expressions : "sol épuisé" "niveau minimal permissible" et "humidité du sol"  1, record 39, French, - %C3%A9puisement%20maximal%20permissible%20de%20l%27humidit%C3%A9%20du%20sol

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

L'épuisement maximal permissible de l'humidité du sol est la quantité d'eau que l'on peut extraire du sol sans nuire aux plantes par rapport aux réserves disponibles qui est l'eau nécessaire à la plante ou le niveau minimal permissible. (Adapter l'irrigation aux besoins des cultures. Agriculture Canada).  1, record 39, French, - %C3%A9puisement%20maximal%20permissible%20de%20l%27humidit%C3%A9%20du%20sol

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a lateral root that is relatively long, sparsely branched, and relatively fast growing during one or more periods of sustained growth; relatively permanent root branch of importance in developing the framework of the root system.  1, record 40, English, - long%20root

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme repéré dans la base de donnée bibliographiques Pascal.  1, record 40, French, - racine%20longue

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A soil drench and root dip of all nematicides... were more or less equally efficient... in promoting plant growth.  1, record 41, English, - plant%20growth

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A sequential wave of growth, e. g., affecting many or most of the root tips, first in one part of a root system or root subsystem, then, progressively, in neighboring parts.  2, record 42, English, - growth%20wave

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Diagramme de croissance d'un pin Laricio [...] Pointillé vertical : Vagues de croissance.  1, record 42, French, - vague%20de%20croissance

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a single-crystal blade casting the first element to solidify is a "starter block" attached to the root of the [turbine] blade by a narrow helical passage in the mould. The helical passage obstructs the growth of multiple crystal boundaries, with the result that the blade is formed from a single crystal. This crystal propagates in two halves around the strong-back. The two halves of the blade can then be joined by a process called "transient liquid phase" bonding, in which the halves are mated around a foil "gasket" of the same alloy as the blade--coated with boron to reduce its melting point--and joined under pressure. The gasket and the thin layer of metal immediately adjacent to it melt, the boron dissipates completely and the part solidifies while still under pressure. As far as can be ascertained, the join produced by this means in a single-crystal blade is effectively perfect.  1, record 43, English, - gasket

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le procédé de coulée des aubes à structure mono-cristalline, le premier élément solidifié est un «bloc de démarrage» relié à la base de l'aube par un étroit passage hélocoïdal pratiqué dans le moule. Ce passage empêche la formation de joints multiples entre les cristaux, ce qui fait que l'aube est formée d'un seul cristal. Ce cristal se propage en deux moitiés autour de la pièce de renforcement. Les deux moitiés de l'aube sont ensuite scellées au moyen d'un procédé appelé «transient liquid phase», qui consiste à assembler les deux moitiés autour d'une feuille du même alliage que l'aube -- feuille qui est revêtue de bore pour abaisser son point de fusion -- et à les assembler ensuite sous pression. La feuille d'alliage et la fine couche de métal qui la touche entrent en fusion, le bore se dissipe complètement et la pièce se solidifie alors qu'elle est toujours sous pression.  1, record 43, French, - feuillage%20d%27alliage

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a single-crystal blade casting, the first element to solidify is a "starter block" attached to the root of the [turbine] blade by a narrow helical passage in the mould. The helical passage obstructs the growth of multiple crystal boundaries, with the result that the blade is formed from a single crystal. This crystal propagates in two halves around the strong-back. The two halves of the blade can then be joined by a process called "transient liquid phase" bonding, in which the halves are mated around a foil "gasket" of the same alloy as the blade--coated with boron to reduce its melting point--and joined under pressure. The gasket and the thin layer of metal immediately adjacent to it melt, the boron dissipates completely and the part solidifies while still under pressure. As far as can be ascertained, the join produced by this means in a single-crystal blade is effectively perfect.  1, record 44, English, - single%2Dcrystal%20blade%20casting

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le procédé de coulée des aubes à structure mono-cristalline, le premier élément solidifié est un «bloc de démarrage» relié à la base de l'aube par un étroit passage hélicoïdal pratiqué dans le moule. Ce passage empêche la formation de joints multiples entre les cristaux, ce qui fait que l'aube est formée d'un seul cristal. Ce cristal se propage en deux moitiés autour de la pièce de renforcement. Les deux moitiés de l'aube sont ensuite scellées au moyen d'un procédé appelé «transient liquid phase», qui consiste à assembler les deux moitiés autour d'une feuille du même alliage que l'aube -- feuille qui est revêtue de bore pour abaisser son point de fusion -- et à les assembler ensuite sous pression. La feuille d'alliage et la fine couche de métal qui la touche entrent en fusion, le bore se dissipe complètement et la pièce se solidifie alors qu'elle est toujours sous pression.  1, record 44, French, - coul%C3%A9e%20des%20aubes%20%C3%A0%20structure%20mono%2Dcristalline

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a single-crystal blade casting, the first element to solidify is a "starter block" attached to the root of the [turbine] blade by a narrow helical passage in the mould. The helical passage obstructs the growth of multiple crystal boundaries, with the result that the blade is formed from a single crystal. This crystal propagates in two halves around the strong-back. The two halves of the blade can then be joined by a process called "transient liquid phase" bonding, in which the halves are mated around a foil "gasket" of the same alloy as the blade--coated with boron to reduce its melting point--and joined under pressure. The gasket and the thin layer of metal immediately adjacent to it melt, the boron dissipates completely and the part solidifies while still under pressure. As far as can be ascertained, the join produced by this means in a single-crystal blade is effectively perfect.  1, record 45, English, - strong%2Dback

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le procédé de coulée des aubes à structure mono-cristalline, le premier élément solidifié est un «bloc de démarrage» relié à la base de l'aube par un étroit passage hélicoïdal pratiqué dans le moule. Ce passage empêche la formation de joints multiples entre les cristaux, ce qui fait que l'aube est formée d'un seul cristal. Ce cristal se propage en deux moitiés autour de la pièce de renforcement. Les deux moitiés de l'aube sont ensuite scellées au moyen d'un procédé appelé «transient liquid phase», qui consiste à assembler les deux moitiés autour d'une feuille du même alliage que l'aube -- feuille qui est revêtue de bore pour abaisser son point de fusion -- et à les assembler ensuite sous pression. La feuille d'alliage et la fine couche de métal qui la touche entrent en fusion, le bore se dissipe complètement et la pièce se solidifie alors qu'elle est toujours sous pression.  1, record 45, French, - pi%C3%A8ce%20de%20renforcement

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The external theories find the root of the business cycle in the fluctuations of something outside the economic system-in sunspot cycles, in wars, revolutions, and political events, in gold discoveries, rates of growth of population and migrations, discoveries of new land and resources, and scientific and technological discoveries and innovations.  1, record 46, English, - external%20theory

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a thick fleshy root resembling a tuber but lacking buds or scales leaves, functioning especially in storage in biennial or perennial plants in which new growth is from a crown, and being simple and solitary.  1, record 47, English, - tuberous%20root

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

quand la racine est gorgée de sucre, d'amidon ou de tout autre principe nutritif mis en réserve par la plante, elle est dite tuberculeuse.  3, record 47, French, - racine%20tuberculeuse

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tubercule: excroissance qui survient à une partie quelconque d'un végétal notamment à la racine et à la tige souterraine.  2, record 47, French, - racine%20tuberculeuse

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish