TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Almost any probabilistic search algorithm can be analyzed using landscapes where the algorithm walks along the landscape graph an edge at a time. This means that even [genetic algorithms(GA) ] can be seen as doing a local search.  2, record 1, English, - probabilistic%20search%20algorithm

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Récemment, les techniques développées en planification de trajectoires, autour des algorithmes de recherche probabiliste, permettent de traiter des problèmes de grande dimension en perdant la propriété de complétude (complet en probabilité).  2, record 1, French, - algorithme%20de%20recherche%20probabiliste

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In computer science, graph traversal(also known as graph search) refers to the process of visiting(checking and/or updating) each vertex in a graph. Such traversals are classified by the order in which the vertices are visited.  4, record 2, English, - graph%20traversal

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Depth first search(DFS) and breadth first search(BFS) are the two main types of graph traversals.  5, record 2, English, - graph%20traversal

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Exploration des] sommets d'un graphe de proche en proche à partir d'un sommet initial.  4, record 2, French, - parcours%20de%20graphe

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A graph traversal algorithm that explores nodes in the order of their distance from the roots, where distance is defined as the minimum path length from a root to the node.  3, record 3, English, - breadth%2Dfirst%20search%20algorithm

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It starts at the tree root(or some arbitrary node of a graph, sometimes referred to as a 'search key’), and explores all of the neighbor nodes at the present depth prior to moving on to the nodes at the next depth level.  4, record 3, English, - breadth%2Dfirst%20search%20algorithm

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'algorithme de parcours en largeur permet de calculer les distances de tous les nœuds depuis un nœud source dans un graphe non pondéré (orienté ou non orienté). Il peut aussi servir à déterminer si un graphe non orienté est connexe.  3, record 3, French, - algorithme%20de%20parcours%20en%20largeur%20d%27abord

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There is an example of a tree : root A; branches AB, AC, AD; children B, C, D; branches BE, BF, CG, CH, HI; leaves E, F, G, H, I; C is a parent of G and H; G and H are the children of C; C is an ancestor of I; I is a descendant of C. This tree has 4 levels : level o(root) ;level 4(B, C, D) ;level 2(E, F, G, H) and level 3(I). As mentioned, most problems do not permit the entire tree/or graph) to be generated at one time; hence, different search strategies have been developed.  2, record 4, English, - ancestor

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un graphe, arbre ou arborescence, tout sommet qui n'est pas une feuille, y compris la racine, et qui a des descendants à deux niveaux d'épaisseur au moins.  3, record 4, French, - anc%C3%AAtre

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces arbres peuvent être considérés comme un exemple simplifié de réseaux sémantiques [...] des réseaux dont le type d'arc est limité à des relations hiérarchiques utilisées par des procédures de contrôle comme mécanismes d'héritage ou transmission de propriétés d'un nœud ancêtre (plus général) vers son ou ses nœuds progéniture (plus spécialisés).  2, record 4, French, - anc%C3%AAtre

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A tree-like graph that accounts for the various rules applied in a search, for nodes explored, and for the results obtained.  3, record 5, English, - search%20tree

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We can keep track of the various rules applied and the databases produced by a structure called a search tree.  4, record 5, English, - search%20tree

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

search tree : term and definition standardized by ISO/IEC.  5, record 5, English, - search%20tree

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Graphe arborescent qui indique les règles appliquées durant une recherche, les nœuds explorés et les résultats obtenus.  2, record 5, French, - arbre%20de%20recherche

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

arbre de recherche : terme et définition normalisés par ISO/CEI.  3, record 5, French, - arbre%20de%20recherche

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The A[ star]: algorithm is a best-first search method. It means that the algorithm simultaneously contains several paths which may all be candidates for the shortest path. At any time, it selects the most promising node(best-first) at a time for expansion, and incorporates the successor nodes into the search graph. The criterion for evaluation is the length of the path from start to the node plus the estimate of the remaining distance(cost). The theory says that if the remaining estimate is an underestimate, the first solution will be optimal.  3, record 6, English, - A%5Bstar%5D%20search%20algorithm

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A[star] search algorithm; A[star] algorithm: The word "star" and the square brackets that surround it replace the symbol representing a star, also known as an "asterisk," because it cannot be reproduced due to technical constraints.  4, record 6, English, - A%5Bstar%5D%20search%20algorithm

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'algorithme A[étoile] est un algorithme de recherche [du] meilleur chemin de type meilleur d'abord. L'idée est de parcourir le graphe G depuis le sommet source jusqu'au sommet cible en se déplaçant dans les «meilleurs» sommets, [c'est-à-dire] ceux ayant le plus petit coût global : coût du chemin depuis la source + coût estimé jusqu'à la cible.  3, record 6, French, - algorithme%20de%20recherche%20A%5B%C3%A9toile%5D

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

algorithme de recherche A[étoile]; algorithme A[étoile] : Le mot «étoile» et les crochets qui l'entourent remplacent le symbole représentant une étoile, aussi appelé «astérisque», parce qu'il est impossible de le reproduire en raison de contraintes techniques.  4, record 6, French, - algorithme%20de%20recherche%20A%5B%C3%A9toile%5D

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the tutoring system is to guide the student in solving problems, the expert module must also generate sensible solution paths so that intermediate steps can be compared. Perhaps most important, it must be able to generate multiple possible solutions paths, rather than just a single one required for CAI models of expertise.  3, record 8, English, - solution%20path

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... by analysing the shape of the search space and simple syntactic properties of the nodes of the graph..., it is possible to determine potentially useful features of the space, such as when students tend to abandon a solution path,... whether the search is in any way systematic, and so on.  4, record 8, English, - solution%20path

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 CONT

This program compromises neatly between the options of trying to ensure that the student follows a recommended pre-stored solution path for each problem, and of allowing him to follow whatever path he wishes.  5, record 8, English, - solution%20path

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 4 CONT

The effect of this [immediate] feedback procedure is to prevent floundering by keeping students on a correct solution path.  6, record 8, English, - solution%20path

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrast with solution trace.  7, record 8, English, - solution%20path

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir parcours de raisonnement.  2, record 8, French, - chemin%20de%20solution

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

All of the possible states that could be evaluated during a search. The search space often is represented as an inverted tree, called a search tree.  4, record 9, English, - search%20space

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The shape of the search space determines whether forward or backward chaining is more efficient.  3, record 9, English, - search%20space

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

An ill-formed problem has an unbounded search space and thus presents an infinity of "first moves".  2, record 9, English, - search%20space

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... by analysing the shape of the search space and simple syntactic properties of the nodes of the graph..., it is possible to determine potential useful features of the space, such as when students tend to abandon a solution path, where they tend to back up, which nodes seem to be a source of difficulty... Consequently, it may be possible for an [Intelligent Tutoring System] to give strategic advice to a student, from the evidence of structural properties of the search space.  5, record 9, English, - search%20space

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

search space: standardized by ISO/IEC  6, record 9, English, - search%20space

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des transformations et des états possibles de la base de faits au moyen de la base de règles aboutissant à une solution.  2, record 9, French, - espace%20de%20recherche

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On distingue dans l'espace de recherche, les représentations en espace d'états et celles en espace de problèmes.  2, record 9, French, - espace%20de%20recherche

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Espace de problèmes, espace de règles, espace de solutions, espace d'états, espace d'exemples.  3, record 9, French, - espace%20de%20recherche

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Souvent représenté sous la forme d'un graphe ou d'un arbre de recherche.  3, record 9, French, - espace%20de%20recherche

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Terme normalisé par ISO/IEC.  4, record 9, French, - espace%20de%20recherche

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A graph that demonstrates that the start node of a search space or search tree can be solved.  1, record 10, English, - solution%20graph

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Graph searching method that uses heuristic knowledge about the domain to help focus the search. It operates by generating and testing intermediate states along potential solution paths.  1, record 11, English, - heuristic%20search%20technique

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Searching with state graphs. To understand search strategies, we have to look... at state graphs. In AI terminology, a state graph is often called a state space or a tree.  1, record 12, English, - state%20graph%20search

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir "graphe d'état" et "espace d'états".  1, record 12, French, - recherche%20par%20graphes%20d%27%C3%A9tats

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish