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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A blanket of pervious material constructed at the foundation from the impervious zone to the landside in a levee or downstream side of an earth dam, to permit the discharge of seepage and to minimize the possibility of piping failure, either of the blowout or subsurface erosion type.  1, record 1, English, - horizontal%20drainage%20blanket

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Normally a granular drainage blanket is provided over the area treated with vertical drains in order to facilitate the dissipation of porewater at ground surface level. As the underlying compressible soil is usually unable to directly support construction plant, the drainage blanket should also function as a foundation platform for the construction plant. It is advisable to use a geotextile sheet beneath the drainage blanket to prevent loss of granular material into the soft deposits or a foundation failure under the load imposed by construction plant.  4, record 1, English, - horizontal%20drainage%20blanket

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Couche drainante placée directement sur le sol dans la partie aval d'un barrage en terre pour collecter les eaux susceptibles de provenir du sous-sol.  5, record 1, French, - tapis%20drainant

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Couche constituée de matériaux perméables mise en place derrière un ouvrage (mur enterré, soutènement) ou sous un ouvrage (radier, dallage, route, barrage) pour faciliter l'écoulement de l'eau du sol et éviter en particulier sa mise en pression.  6, record 1, French, - tapis%20drainant

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mettons en place, à 40 cm de profondeur, sur 20 cm d'épaisseur, en pente, vers le point bas de la rocaille, une couche drainante à base de pierrailles, de tessons, de sable caillouteux ...  7, record 1, French, - tapis%20drainant

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

"shutter weir". A movable weir consisting of a row of large panels hinged at the bottom and inclined slightly downstream toward the top when the weir is closed.  3, record 2, English, - shutter%20weir

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Shutter-Dams.... The first dam constructed by movable shutters was probably the one across the river Orb(France).... This dam was raised 3 feet by movable wooden shutters hinged to the top of the dam and held by props placed on their down-stream side. The sluice-openings were closed by stop-planks(poutrelles) placed horizontally, one on top of another and attached to each other by chains.  4, record 2, English, - shutter%20weir

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Barrages mobiles à hausses. Ce système de barrages diffère des précédents [barrages à pont supérieur] en ce qu'il n'a pas de pont supérieur et que les fermettes ou cadres et la bouchure ne font qu'un, de manière à constituer un panneau unique appelé hausse.  2, record 2, French, - barrage%20mobile%20%C3%A0%20hausses

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A movable dam, consisting of a water curtain formed by timber leaves or wickets inclined downstream; the butt of the wicket is supported against a sill along the upstream side of the base slab and the wicket is pivoted a little below its center point to a collapsible horse held in place by a long prop.  2, record 3, English, - Chanoine%20wicket%20dam

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chanoine Wicket-dam. ... The term "wicket" has been applied in the United States to a shutter revolving on an axle placed near its needle. Described in detail, a Chanoine wicket consists of three parts ...: A rectangular panel of wood or iron; the horse or trestle, supporting the axle of the shutter, and the prop holding up the horse and having its foot bearing against a cast-iron shoe, called a "hurter" (in French "heurtoir") fixed to the apron. The parts of the shutter above and below the axle are called respectively the "chase" and the "breech".  2, record 3, English, - Chanoine%20wicket%20dam

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Barrage mobile constitué d'un rideau étanche en bois, incliné vers l'aval et s'articulant à un chevalet et à un arc-boutant, ce dernier prenant appui contre un heurtoir fixé au radier.  3, record 3, French, - barrage%20Chanoine

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Initialement, les ingénieurs américains ont construit 52 barrages sur ... l'Ohio. Ils étaient équipés de hausses Chanoine (ou plutôt de hausses Pascaud, système très voisin dont le prototype a été réalisé en 1880 sur la Saône, près de son confluent avec le Rhône.  4, record 3, French, - barrage%20Chanoine

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Aux USA, les hausses Chanoine munies de la glissière Pasqueau sont désignées sous le nom de hausses Chanoine [Chanoine wicket], que l'on trouvera seul dans la littérature américaine...  4, record 3, French, - barrage%20Chanoine

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It has been suggested ... that since the thinnest layer of sand to act successfully as an erosion pumping filter was 25 mm, and the slurry penetrated /3mm in this case, then a geotextile with a thickness of 10 mm or more might successfully replace the sand blanket layer. The fact that the most successful sand blanket have voids ranging from 5 to 30 [micrometers] seems to suggest that the geotextile’s voids should be of a similar magnitude. Erosion pumping filters, using a geotextile in conjunction with a sand blanket, are much more effective than geotextiles alone.  1, record 4, English, - sand%20blanket

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Horizontal drainage blanket : A blanket of pervious material constructed at the foundation from the impervious zone to the landside in a levee or downstream side of an earth dam, to permit the discharge of seepage and to minimize the possibility of piping failure, either of the blowout or subsurface erosion type.  2, record 4, English, - sand%20blanket

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Couche drainante: Couche constituée de matériaux perméables mise en place derrière un ouvrage (mur enterré, soutènement) ou sous un ouvrage (radier, dallage, route, barrage) pour faciliter l'écoulement de l'eau du sol et éviter en particulier sa mise en pression. Synonyme : tapis drainant, matelas drainant.  2, record 4, French, - tapis%20drainant%20de%20sable

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Toe : The part of the base of a dam or retaining wall which is on its free side, away from the retained material.  2, record 5, English, - toe%20berm

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Berm: A horizontal ledge in an earth bank or cutting to ensure the stability of a steep slope.  2, record 5, English, - toe%20berm

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Berme : Replat aménagé au flanc d'un talus, destiné à en faciliter l'accès, à ralentir et recueillir les eaux de ruissellement. Dans les talus très raides, les bermes jouent un rôle stabilisateur non négligeable. Synonyme : risberme.  2, record 5, French, - berme%20de%20pied

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Pied : Partie inférieure de certains ouvrages de maçonnerie ou de terre, à laquelle on donne une grande épaisseur afin d'assurer à l'ensemble une grande stabilité.  3, record 5, French, - berme%20de%20pied

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rock-fill dam consisting of a rock fill on the downstream side and an earth fill on the upstream side, the former for stability only, the latter for both imperviousness and stability.  4, record 6, English, - composite%20rock%2Dfill%20dam

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type de barrage en enrochements constitué par un remblai en terre imperméable du côté d'amont et un enrochement du côté d'aval.  1, record 6, French, - barrage%20en%20terre%20et%20enrochements

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish