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A signal molecule that can impose a pattern on a field of cells by causing cells in different places to adopt different fates.  2, record 1, English, - morphogen

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The exact chemical nature of the morphogens is generally unknown; however, some hormones and proteins have these properties.  3, record 1, English, - morphogen

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Un morphogène est une molécule secrétée ayant la propriété d'induire des types cellulaires différents à des concentrations différentes.  2, record 1, French, - morphog%C3%A8ne

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morphogène : terme publié au Journal officiel de la République française le 31 janvier 2016.  3, record 1, French, - morphog%C3%A8ne

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Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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We view ppGpp [guanosine 5’-diphosphate 3’-diphosphate] as a signal molecule which indicates to the cell an imbalance or deficiency in amino-acid supply. It is thus analogous in function to cAMP which indicates to the cell a deficiency in "fuel" availability. This type of signal molecule, which we call an alarmone(...) serves to reorient the cell' s economy in response to stress in a particular area of metabolism.  1, record 2, English, - alarmone

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Signal biochimique hormonal qu'un organisme élabore pour répondre à une agression.  2, record 2, French, - alarmone

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Pour Ames, un système de ce type aurait un effet général sur tous les acides aminés et jouerait le rôle d'un super-signal permettant de rétablir l'équilibre métabolique de la cellule. C'est à ce type de signal élaboré en réponse à un stress qu'il donne le nom d'alarmone.  3, record 2, French, - alarmone

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Signal reception. Most signal receptors are plasma membrane proteins. The signal protein matches the shape of a specific site on the receptor protein. The signal protein acts as ligand, a small protein that specifically binds to large one. The binding of the signal protein causes a conformational change in the receptor protein, which in turn can now activate another molecule. Most signal proteins are water soluble and too large to pass through the plasma membrane.  2, record 3, English, - signal%20protein

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protéine signal : terme retenu par le réseau Entraide Traduction Santé.  2, record 3, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20signal

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There are multiple signal transduction pathways : cascade of information from plasma membrane to nucleus in response to an extracellular stimulus in living organisms. Extracellular signal molecule binds specific intracellular receptor, and initiates the signaling pathway. Now, there is a large amount of information about the signaling pathway which controls the gene expression and cellular proliferation.  2, record 4, English, - signal%20molecule

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Les molécules «signal». La leptine est fréquemment considérée comme une hormone permettant de diminuer la masse du tissu adipeux. Elle agit sur la prise alimentaire à la fois grâce à ses propriétés anorexigènes, et/ou en augmentant la dépense énergétique. Cependant, il est possible que l'action principale de la leptine ne soit pas de diminuer la masse adipeuse mais qu'elle représente plutôt un signal permettant de préserver un stock suffisant d'énergie sous forme de graisse.  1, record 4, French, - mol%C3%A9cule%20signal

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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Optoacoustic detector. Light which is absorbed by a molecule is generally reradiated from the molecule in the form of heat. If a laser, at an absorbing wavelength of a gas of interest, is passed through a closed cell, the temperature of the entire gas in the cell will rise and thus the pressure of the gas in the cell will rise. If the laser is turned on and off at a frequency of 100-20000 Hz, the resulting pressure rises and drops can be picked up as a signal by sensitive microphones. This somewhat odd combination of optics and acoustics turns out to have several advantages over systems which measure the absorption directly. The absorption will be quite small and thus the change in intensity of the laser beam is nearly impossible to detect. Because pressure in the cell rises more quickly for small length cells, this effect exactly cancels out gains in overall absorption by making the cell longer. Thus, a small optoacoustic cell will accomplish the same as a larger cell making its size a great asset.... The device is being tested as a sniffer for bomb vapours and for ambient air analyses.  1, record 5, English, - optoacoustic%20detector

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