TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An ET [extratropical] cyclone has significant vertical wind shears and a distinctive asymmetric temperature and moisture field.  1, record 1, English, - temperature%20and%20moisture%20field

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le cyclone extratropical se caractérise par d'importants cisaillements verticaux et par un champ de température et d'humidité asymétrique.  1, record 1, French, - champ%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature%20et%20d%27humidit%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a soil/duff drought index [developed by Keetch and Byram (1968]) that ranges from 0 (no drought) to 800 (extreme drought) and is based on soil capacity of 8 inches of water. Factors in the index are maximum daily temperature, daily precipitation, antecedent precipitation, and annual precipitation.  4, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Keetch Byram Drought Index(KBDI) provides a daily measure of soil dryness, which, in turn, gives an indication of water stress in plants. The KBDI represents the net effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration in producing cumulative moisture deficiency in deep duff or upper soil layers. The KBDI has a range from 0(no drought or soil moisture deficiency, i. e. soil at field capacity) to 2000(extreme drought, maximum soil moisture deficiency possible). The index can be viewed as the amount of rain needed to bring the soil back to saturation, with one mm of rain reducing the index by 10 points. The 0-2000 point scale is divided into three drought classes : 0-999=Low; 1000-1499=Moderate; 1500-2000=High. The KBDI is simple to calculate as it uses only two, daily weather observations-maximum temperature and 24-hour rainfall. The system functions in a book-keeping fashion where estimates of daily evapo-transpiration and measurements of precipitation increase or decrease the value of yesterdays index. The KBDI by itself is not a Fire Danger Rating System as it gives no indicate of the ease of ignition of the vegetation, or of the rate of fire spread, fire intensity and difficulty of control. It does however serve as a useful measure of drought occurrence.  7, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI): ... 0 - 200: Soil moisture and large class fuel moistures are high and do not contribute much to fire intensity. Typical of spring dormant season following winter precipitation. 200 - 400: Typical of late spring, early growing season. Lower litter and duff layers are drying and beginning to contribute to fire intensity. 400 - 600: Typical of late summer, early fall. Lower litter and duff layers actively contribute to fire intensity and will burn actively. 600 - 800: Often associated with more severe drought with increased wildfire occurrence. Intense, deep burning fires with significant downwind spotting can be expected. Live fuels can also be expected to burn actively at these levels.  9, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the Palmer Drought Index (PDI) and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) ... were [both] developed by John Keetch and George Byram, and originally were developed as aids for agriculture. The ... KBDI is used extensively in the eastern states and also in some parts of the west.  10, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the metric system the value of the index is usually assumed to range from 0 to 200 mm (even though 800 points actually corresponds to 204 mm).  3, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Keetch-Byram Drought Index [is] a commonly-used drought index adapted for fire management applications ...  11, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

"Duff" is ... an important term in the fire weather program of the US Forest Service, used to describe the partially decayed organic matter on the forest floor which can become highly combustible during drought periods and contribute to the longevity and spread of forest fires. ... the Keetch-Byram Drought Index is sometimes referred to as the soil/duff drought index because it is a measure of how dry the soil and duff layers are.  6, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  2, record 2, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, record 2, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Factors that affect the ageing of building materials are UV light, temperature, and moisture from RH, precipitation and driving rain. UV radiation probably contributed most to the degradation of the coating and the substrate. Much research is done on the performance of materials due to ageing both by artificial ageing(accelerated) and natural weathering condition(field exposure) of the material. Ahola(1993) studied the effect of ageing on the water vapour permeability and found that the water vapour permeability decreased when exposed to the natural climate for one year. This was interpreted as due to loss of residual solvent, leaching out of low-molecular-mass components, viscous flow of a binder and migration of emulsifiers to the surface.  2, record 3, English, - degradation%20device

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil destiné à provoquer la dégradation d'un matériau en vue de tester sa résistance aux intempéries.  2, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9gradeur

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'étape essentielle dans l'étude de la prévision de la durabilité est de créer un vieillissement artificiel dont les paramètres sont choisis de manière à accélérer l'évolution du polycarbonate en s'efforçant de ne pas faire apparaître de nouveaux processus n'existant pas en vieillissement naturel. Le vieillissement artificiel est un dégradeur UV avec cycle d'arrosage (weatheromètre humide) permet d'accélérer la dégradation photochimique combinée à l'action de l'humidité. L'expérience montre, pour le polycarbonate, une stabilisation des indices de dégradation après 3 000 heures d'exposition, dans les cas habituels.  3, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9gradeur

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Second growth may be of several types : 1) deformed tubers with protruding eyes, lateral buds(knobby tubers), or apical buds(dumbbells or elongated tubers).... Second growth is commonly attributed to high field temperatures and drought. It may, however, result from regeneration following any condition causing irregular rates of tuber development, such as uneven availability of nutrients or moisture, extremes in temperature, or vine defoliation from hail or frost.  2, record 4, English, - dumbbell%2Dshaped%20tuber

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il s'agit de pommes de terre difformes où il y a eu développement de tubercules secondaires.  1, record 4, French, - tubercule%20en%20forme%20d%27halt%C3%A8re

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish