TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Collectively, temperature, water availability, atmospheric gases, aeration of the soil, mineral nutrients, etc. modulate all the gene activities. The time the genotype uses (needs) to develop to harvest maturity is strongly modulated by both temperature and daylength. Independently the same environment, mostly the temperature and moisture regimes, establishes the duration of the growing season.  2, record 1, English, - duration%20of%20the%20growing%20season

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Duration of the growing season is defined by temperature extremes. · Cardinal temperatures :Optimum, Minimum, Maximum · Tolerance : Range between minimum and maximum.  3, record 1, English, - duration%20of%20the%20growing%20season

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Afin de lui donner quelque signification économique, la saison de croissance réelle est définie comme la durée de la saison de croissance qui prévaut dans 80 ou 90 % des années.  1, record 1, French, - dur%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20saison%20de%20croissance

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Esta figura muestra la relación entre la duración de la temporada de crecimiento y la concentración atmosférica de CO2. Una temporada de crecimiento más larga elimina más CO2 de la atmósfera.  1, record 1, Spanish, - duraci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20temporada%20de%20crecimiento

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Water temperature is an important factor in river ascent by returning adults, together with river discharge … Dependent upon the location of the population, adult salmon ascend spawning streams [when optimum] temperature for egg fertilization and incubation [occurs].  2, record 2, English, - spawning%20stream

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La température de l'eau, tout comme le débit fluvial, est un important facteur pour la remonte des adultes dans leur cours d'eau natal […] Selon le lieu, les saumons adultes remontent les cours d'eau de fraie lorsque [la] température [est] optimale pour la fécondation et l'incubation des œufs […]  1, record 2, French, - cours%20d%27eau%20de%20fraie

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The catalytic activity of enzymes is dependent on temperature, as in the case of ordinary chemical catalysts, but the activity is lost at temperatures above a certain limit due to the denaturation of enzyme protein. Therefore, it is considered that studies on temperature dependence caused by immobilization may provide useful information for comparisons of enzymes and chemical catalysts... Upon the immobilization of enzymes, changes in the optimum temperature of the enzyme reaction occur in some cases.  1, record 3, English, - enzyme%20reaction

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les réactions enzymatiques peuvent également être effectuées par voie chimique. Celle-ci offre, de manière générale, l'avantage de pouvoir être mise en œuvre dans une gamme très large de température, de pH et de pression, et, en particulier, dans des conditions où l'on ne rencontre aucun risque de contamination. L'utilisation de conditions opératoires drastiques (température et pression élevées, extrêmes de pH) permet de compenser le fait que les constantes de vitesse de réactions faisant intervenir un catalyseur chimique soient nettement plus faibles que celles des réactions enzymatiques.  2, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9action%20enzymatique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A computer-based ignition system which is usually a part of the electronic engine control unit (ECU).  1, record 4, English, - computer%2Dcontrolled%20ignition%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ECU consists of a central control unit(CPU) or a microprocessor, random access memory(RAM), read only memory(ROM), and input/output interfaces. Based on information from input sensors(engine air flow, coolant temperature, crank position, throttle position, etc.), ECU determines optimum settings for the output actuators of fuel injection, ignition timing, idle speed, etc.  1, record 4, English, - computer%2Dcontrolled%20ignition%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

computer-controlled ignition system; digital ignition system: terms and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 4, English, - computer%2Dcontrolled%20ignition%20system

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système d'allumage commandé par ordinateur généralement utilisé comme composant de l'unité de contrôle électronique du moteur (ECU).  1, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27allumage%20command%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'ECU se compose d'une unité de contrôle centrale (CPU) ou d'un microprocesseur, d'une mémoire vive (RAM), d'une mémoire morte (ROM), et d'interfaces entrée/sortie. Selon les informations issues des capteurs d'entrée (débit d'air moteur, température du liquide de refroidissement, position de vilebrequin, position de l'accélérateur, etc.), l'ECU détermine les paramètres optimaux pour les actionneurs d'injection de combustible, d'avance à l'allumage, de ralenti, etc.  1, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27allumage%20command%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

système d'allumage commandé par ordinateur; système d'allumage à commande numérique : termes et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27allumage%20command%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Those micro-organisms whose optimum temperature for growth lies between about 20 °C and 45 °C.  1, record 5, English, - mesophilic%20micro%2Dorganisms

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mesophilic micro-organisms: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 5, English, - mesophilic%20micro%2Dorganisms

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Micro-organismes dont la température optimale de croissance se situe entre 20 °C et 45 °C.  1, record 5, French, - micro%2Dorganismes%20m%C3%A9sophiles

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

micro-organismes mésophiles : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  3, record 5, French, - micro%2Dorganismes%20m%C3%A9sophiles

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Microorganismos cuya temperatura óptima para el crecimiento está entre [...] 20 °C y 45 °C.  1, record 5, Spanish, - microorganismos%20mesof%C3%ADlicos

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Temperature at which an enzyme exhibits maximal activity under specified conditions.  1, record 6, English, - optimum%20temperature

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although enzyme-catalyzed reactions often appear to have an optimum temperature, the peak in such a plot of catalytic activity vs. temperature results because enzymes, being proteins, are denatured by heat and become inactive as the temperature is raised beyond a certain point. The apparent temperature "optimum" is thus the resultant of two processes :(1) the usual increase in reaction rate with temperature and(2) the increasing rate of thermal denaturation of the enzyme above a critical temperature.  3, record 6, English, - optimum%20temperature

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Température à laquelle la vitesse de réaction enzymatique atteint une valeur maximale.  2, record 6, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20optimale

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La température optimale est un compromis entre le fait que l'élévation de température augmente la vitesse de réaction et qu'en même temps, elle dénature l'enzyme. Il est difficile de donner une valeur précise à la température optimale d'une réaction enzymatique, la vitesse de dénaturation de l'enzyme étant fonction du pH et de la durée de la réaction. (...) Plus le temps est court, plus la température optimale peut être élevée.  3, record 6, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20optimale

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This [power control module] senses engine speed, intake manifold pressure and air temperature, ambient air temperature, coolant temperature, exhaust gas oxygen content, throttle position, vehicle speed, accessory load level, and brake operation to provide optimum balance conditions.  2, record 7, English, - coolant%20temperature

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

température du liquide de refroidissement : terme uniformisé par le Comité de terminologie française du Conseil de doctrine et de tactique de l'Armée de terre.  2, record 7, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20du%20liquide%20de%20refroidissement

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermoperiod refers to daily temperature change. Plants grow best when daytime temperature is about 10 to 15 degrees higher than nighttime temperature. Under these conditions, plants photosynthesize(build up) and respire(break down) during optimum daytime temperatures and then curtail respiration at night. However, not all plants grow best under the same range between nighttime and daytime temperatures. For example, snapdragons grow best at nighttime temperatures of 55°F; poinsettias, at 62°F.  2, record 8, English, - thermoperiod

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Alternances de températures, favorables défavorables ou indifférentes à la germination.  2, record 8, French, - thermop%C3%A9riode

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un autre facteur fondamental c'est la thermopériode, c'est-à-dire le rythme diurne ou annuel des températures. L'adaptation à ces variations thermiques est appelée le thermopériodisme.  3, record 8, French, - thermop%C3%A9riode

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Thermopériode [c'est la] succession des périodes froides et chaudes en cours d'année.  4, record 8, French, - thermop%C3%A9riode

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Armed service personnel who needs to be physically active in cold, wet conditions should wear a layered system of clothing to regulate their body temperature and attain optimum comfort.  1, record 9, English, - layered%20system%20of%20clothing

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À la base du système d'habillement en couches successives, le SVTL [sous-vêtement thermique léger] a été spécialement conçu pour s'intégrer au système amélioré de vêtements adaptés (SAVA) en vue d'aider les soldats à demeurer au chaud et à être confortable, même dans des conditions extrêmes.  1, record 9, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27habillement%20en%20couches%20successives

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Basic cause of optimum temperature" with continued rise in temperature, all biologic processes reach a maximum at which the process ceases to increase with temperature and beyond which a further rise in temperature has a slowing-down effect.  1, record 10, English, - optimum%20temperature

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Température à laquelle la vie est la plus facile et se fait avec le minimum de dépense, de part et d'autre de laquelle la vie est encore possible, mais devient de plus en plus difficile à mesure qu'on s'éloigne du point le plus favorable.  2, record 10, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20optimale

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The DQ-DAF electron gun provides pin sharp images even at the edges of the screen. The gun is fired through a shadow mask whose springs compensate for any changes caused by variations in the mask temperature. This ensures that it is always at the optimum tension, avoiding the colour shift associated with less advanced CRT's [cathode ray tubes].  1, record 11, English, - DQ%2DDAF%20electron%20gun

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The TCO ’92-compliant SL90 uses Panasonic’s patented Double-Quadruple Dynamic Astigmatism and Focus (DQ-DAF) electronic gun technology, which produces 20 percent less spot aberration than conventional guns for clearer dot circles, even at the corners.  3, record 11, English, - DQ%2DDAF%20electron%20gun

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

DQ-DAF (Double Quadruple Dynamic Astigmatism and Focus). Système de balayage des faisceaux présent sur certains téléviseurs. Ce système se charge d'améliorer la netteté de l'image, surtout dans les endroits sensibles : les bords. En effet, plus le tube est grand (16/9 de surcroît) plus il est difficile de mettre au point un canon d'électrons suffisamment doué pour que les faisceaux atteignent les bords de l'écran sans aucun problème de distorsion. Le DQ-DAF, mis au point par Matsushita (Panasonic, Technics), se charge de l'affaire.  2, record 11, French, - canon%20%C3%A0%20%C3%A9lectrons%20DQ%2DDAF

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The optimum thickness of insulation will depend on a number of factors. It is difficult to attain comfortable conditions with a passive design if the total energy flow through the walls or ceilings exceeds about 5 W/m2 for any extended period. This would be the case for example, if the temperature difference across the insulated surface was 10 C with less than R2(U=0. 5) insulation.  2, record 12, English, - insulated%20surface

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] toute surface, pourvue d'un matériau à résistance thermique élevée, évitant les déperditions thermiques.  2, record 12, French, - surface%20isol%C3%A9e

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tout propriétaire privé peut maintenant bénéficier de conditions particulièrement favorables s'il décide de réduire la consommation de son immeuble. De même s'il se convertit aux énergies renouvelables. Tel est l'objectif du programme d'investissement Energie 2000, lancé vendredi à l'EPF Zurich. [...] Les mesures [...] se traduiront par des économies d'énergie conventionnelle (chaleur et électricité) d'au moins 30 pour cent, mais en moyenne de 50 pour cent. Pour simplifier l'exécution de ce programme, on versera des montants forfaitaires par mètre carré de surface isolée, de capteur solaire, etc.  3, record 12, French, - surface%20isol%C3%A9e

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Extrusion stretch blow moulding(ESBM). A parison is extruded and as the preblow mould closes, a mandrel descends to form the bottle neck. The parison is subsequently pinched and inflated, then conditioned at the optimum temperature for orientation in the next stage. Transfer of the blown and conditioned preform to the stretch-blow mould takes place; fabrication of the finished part is achieved by stretching in the circumferential direction(pneumatic inflation) and in the longitudinal direction(mechanical push-rod), followed by rapid cooling to prevent relaxation of the(biaxial) molecular orientation. This process is centred on oriented PVC(OPVC) bottle manufacture, for transparent containers with enhanced clarity and greater resistance to gas permeation, higher impact strength and burst pressure.  1, record 13, English, - extrusion%20stretch%20blow%20moulding

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Extrusion-soufflage avec bi-étirage. C'est l'association de trois techniques : l'extrusion, le soufflage et le bi-étirage. Ces trois techniques peuvent être utilisées en ligne : c'est ce que l'on appelle le cycle chaud, ou procédé en une étape [...] On peut également utiliser ces techniques de façon séparée; c'est ce que l'on appelle le cycle froid, ou procédé en deux étapes [...]  1, record 13, French, - extrusion%2Dsoufflage%20avec%20bi%2D%C3%A9tirage

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Extrusion-soufflage avec bi-étirage en cycle chaud; extrusion-soufflage avec bi-étirage en cycle froid.  1, record 13, French, - extrusion%2Dsoufflage%20avec%20bi%2D%C3%A9tirage

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Extrusion stretch blow moulding(ESBM). A parison is extruded and as the preblow mould closes, a mandrel descends to form the bottle neck. The parison is subsequently pinched and inflated, then conditioned at the optimum temperature for orientation in the next stage. Transfer of the blown and conditioned preform to the stretch-blow mould takes place; fabrication of the finished part is achieved by stretching in the circumferential direction(pneumatic inflation) and in the longitudinal direction(mechanical push-rod), followed by rapid cooling to prevent relaxation of the(biaxial) molecular orientation.  2, record 14, English, - stretch%20rod

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La préforme est alors réchauffée puis bi-étirée par étirage axial à l'aide d'une tige d'élongation et par étirage radial avec soufflage à l'air comprimé.  1, record 14, French, - tige%20d%27%C3%A9longation

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This [Power Control Module] senses engine speed, intake manifold pressure and air temperature, ambient air temperature, coolant temperature, exhaust gas oxygen content, throttle position, vehicle speed, accessory load level, and brake operation to provide optimum balance conditions.  1, record 15, English, - intake%20manifold%20pressure

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This [Power Control Module] senses engine speed, intake manifold pressure and air temperature, ambient air temperature, coolant temperature, exhaust gas oxygen content, throttle position, vehicle speed, accessory load level, and brake operation to provide optimum balance conditions.  1, record 16, English, - exhaust%20gas%20oxygen%20content

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This [Power Control Module] senses engine speed, intake manifold pressure and air temperature, ambient air temperature, coolant temperature, exhaust gas oxygen content, throttle position, vehicle speed, accessory load level, and brake operation to provide optimum balance conditions.  1, record 17, English, - accessory%20load

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This [Power Control Module] senses engine speed, intake manifold pressure and air temperature, ambient air temperature, coolant temperature, exhaust gas oxygen content, throttle position, vehicle speed, accessory load level, and brake operation to provide optimum balance conditions.  1, record 18, English, - ambient%20air%20temperature

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Better Tasting Coffee Starts with a Better Brewer.... Water temperature indicator signals optimum brewing temperature.  1, record 19, English, - water%20temperature%20indicator

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un café de meilleur goût commence par une meilleure cafetière. (...) Indicateur de température d'eau indiquant la température d'infusion optimale.  1, record 19, French, - indicateur%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature%20d%27eau

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Despite the optimum flashing temperatures determined by dividing the total temperature range by an integral number of flashing stages(2 for single-and 3 for double-flashing), it may often be convenient to choose rather different flashing temperatures(and pressures) in order to take advantage of existing pressure systems that have been established for other reasons.  1, record 20, English, - flashing%20temperature

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Despite the optimum flashing temperatures determined by dividing the total temperature range by an integral number of flashing stages(2 for single-and 3 for double-flashing), it may often be convenient to choose rather different flashing temperatures(and pressures)....  1, record 21, English, - flashing%20stage

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The technique used in the operation of a wood-fired appliance can have an effect on its efficiency in converting fuelwood into useful heat.... A flue pipe thermometer is a handy device for monitoring the performance of your appliance. Look for the type with a metal probe for insertion into the pipe rather than the magnetic kind. Locate it between 30 cm and 60 cm above the appliance flue collar. For optimum performance the flue temperature should not exceed 330 °C(600°F) or fall below 110 °C(200 °F) during normal operation.  1, record 22, English, - flue%20pipe%20thermometer

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un thermomètre placé dans le conduit d'évacuation peut vous permettre de mieux évaluer le rendement de votre appareil.  2, record 22, French, - thermom%C3%A8tre%20de%20conduit%20d%27%C3%A9vacuation

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As applied to forging, the temperature range below the optimum hot-working temperature.  1, record 23, English, - cold%20side

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans les techniques de forgeage, écart de température inférieur à la température optimale de travail à chaud.  1, record 23, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20insuffisante

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Temperature range within which the slug or blank cut from wrought material should be heated to give optimum forging conditions.  1, record 24, English, - forging%20range

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Zone de température dans laquelle un lingot ou une ébauche coupée d'un matériau semi-ouvré devrait être chauffé pour obtenir les meilleures conditions de forgeage.  1, record 24, French, - limites%20de%20forgeage

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

psychotrophs actively from between 0o and plus 6oC, their optimum growth temperature being generally higher(plus 10o plus 20C or sometimes still higher). Bull. int. no. 5, 1971, p. 1378, 1379 RA  1, record 25, English, - psychotrophe

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

les fermes psychotrophes se multiplient activement entre 0o et plus 6oC, leur température optimale de croissance étant généralement plus élevée (plus 10o plus 20, parfois davantage).  1, record 25, French, - fermes%20psychotrophes

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish