TERMIUM Plus®
The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.
THERAPEUTIC GENE [12 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2021-02-25
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Biotechnology
- Genetics
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- gene knockout technology
1, record 1, English, gene%20knockout%20technology
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
- knockout technology 2, record 1, English, knockout%20technology
correct
- knockout technique 3, record 1, English, knockout%20technique
correct
- gene knockout 4, record 1, English, gene%20knockout
correct
- gene disruption 5, record 1, English, gene%20disruption
correct
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The replacement of a normal gene with a mutated form of the gene by using homologous recombination. 6, record 1, English, - gene%20knockout%20technology
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
We use proprietary gene knockout technology to systematically discover the physiological functions of genes in mice and to identify which corresponding human genes encode potential targets for therapeutic intervention, or drug targets. 1, record 1, English, - gene%20knockout%20technology
Record 1, Key term(s)
- gene knock-out technology
- knock-out technology
- knock-out technique
- gene knock-out
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Biotechnologie
- Génétique
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- méthode d'inactivation de gène
1, record 1, French, m%C3%A9thode%20d%27inactivation%20de%20g%C3%A8ne
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
- technique d'inactivation de gène 2, record 1, French, technique%20d%27inactivation%20de%20g%C3%A8ne
correct, feminine noun
- invalidation génique 3, record 1, French, invalidation%20g%C3%A9nique
correct, feminine noun
- méthode knockout 1, record 1, French, m%C3%A9thode%20knockout
see observation, feminine noun
- technique knockout 4, record 1, French, technique%20knockout
see observation, feminine noun
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Méthode expérimentale de recherche du rôle d'un gène par l'observation des effets de son inactivation. 3, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%27inactivation%20de%20g%C3%A8ne
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le gène considéré est muté par recombinaison homologue dans des cellules souches embryonnaires de souris. Ces cellules au génome modifié sont alors réinjectées dans un embryon de souris aux premiers stades de développement. Elles s'intègrent à l'embryon et participent à la composition des différents tissus. La fonction du gène rendu inactif peut être alors étudiée tout au long du développement de l'animal. 3, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%27inactivation%20de%20g%C3%A8ne
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS
technique knockout; méthode knockout : Bien que ces termes soient largement utilisés en français, on recommande de remplacer «knockout» par «inactivation de gène». 5, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%27inactivation%20de%20g%C3%A8ne
Record 1, Key term(s)
- méthode knock-out
- technique knock-out
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Biotecnología
- Genética
Record 1, Main entry term, Spanish
- gen desactivado
1, record 1, Spanish, gen%20desactivado
correct, masculine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 1, Synonyms, Spanish
- gen anulado 1, record 1, Spanish, gen%20anulado
correct, masculine noun
- desactivación génica 2, record 1, Spanish, desactivaci%C3%B3n%20g%C3%A9nica
correct, feminine noun
- técnica de desactivación génica 3, record 1, Spanish, t%C3%A9cnica%20de%20desactivaci%C3%B3n%20g%C3%A9nica
feminine noun
- gen noqueado 1, record 1, Spanish, gen%20noqueado
avoid, see observation, masculine noun
- noqueado génico 4, record 1, Spanish, noqueado%20g%C3%A9nico
avoid, see observation, masculine noun
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Inactivación de un gen mediante una mutación espontánea o por la integración de un fragmento de DNA modificado especialmente. 4, record 1, Spanish, - gen%20desactivado
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
El término gen noqueado, del término inglés "knock-out gene", hace referencia al proceso de anulación de la expresión de un gen específico en un animal con el fin de estudiar las consecuencias a que da lugar la falta de la proteína correspondiente a ese gen. [...] Referirnos a esta técnica como del 'gen noqueado', traducción literal de la expresión inglesa, no es adecuado en español. Noquear, que curiosamente es una castellanización del término inglés knock out, es un término perteneciente al ámbito popular y pugilístico y que significa vencer a un adversario haciéndole perder el conocimiento; noquear tiene además un sentido de transitoriedad (la pérdida de conocimiento es temporal), lo que podría inducir la falsa idea de que los genes anulados lo son sólo transitoriamente. Cuando queramos referirnos a ratones manipulados mediante esta técnica es mejor escribir "ratones con un gen desactivado", "ratones con un gen no funcional", "ratones con un gen anulado", "ratón con los dos alelos silenciados", etcétera. 1, record 1, Spanish, - gen%20desactivado
Record 2 - internal organization data 2016-02-25
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Molecular Biology
- Biotechnology
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- artificial cloning
1, record 2, English, artificial%20cloning
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
There are three different types of artificial cloning :gene cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. 1, record 2, English, - artificial%20cloning
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Biologie moléculaire
- Biotechnologie
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- clonage artificiel
1, record 2, French, clonage%20artificiel
correct, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[Le clonage artificiel] consiste à reproduire exactement un individu à partir de ses cellules. [...] Il existe deux sortes de clonage artificiel : le clonage reproductif et le clonage thérapeutique. 2, record 2, French, - clonage%20artificiel
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2012-09-24
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- catalytic RNA
1, record 3, English, catalytic%20RNA
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Research is on hairpin catalytic RNA, a catalytic RNA discovered and characterized here in my laboratory at Northern Illinois University. Hairpin catalytic RNA is a molecule which can be engineered to very efficiently cleave target RNA sequences in a unique and efficient reaction. The catalytic RNA can thus be used for the specific down regulation of gene expression since it can be designed to destroy mRNA. Current applications being developed are down regulation of selected genes, including those in the virus HIV-1. Thus it has potential as an AIDS therapeutic. 1, record 3, English, - catalytic%20RNA
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- ARN catalytique
1, record 3, French, ARN%20catalytique
correct, masculine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Macromolécule biologique d'acide ribonucléique susceptible d'agir comme une enzyme et de catalyser des réactions chimiques. 1, record 3, French, - ARN%20catalytique
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
Record 3, Main entry term, Spanish
- ARN catalítico
1, record 3, Spanish, ARN%20catal%C3%ADtico
correct, masculine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 3, Synonyms, Spanish
- ribozima 1, record 3, Spanish, ribozima
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Molécula de ARN [ácido ribonucleico] que puede catalizar la ruptura química de sí misma o de otras moléculas de ARN. 1, record 3, Spanish, - ARN%20catal%C3%ADtico
Record 4 - internal organization data 2011-03-23
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Titles of Monographs
- Drugs and Drug Addiction
- General Sports Regulations
- Games and Competitions (Sports)
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- World Anti-Doping Code: the Prohibited List
1, record 4, English, World%20Anti%2DDoping%20Code%3A%20the%20Prohibited%20List
correct, international
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
- Prohibited List: International Standard 1, record 4, English, Prohibited%20List%3A%20International%20Standard
correct, international
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Latest version : The 2009 Prohibited List International Standard. The List was first published in 1963 by the International Olympic Committee. Since 2004, as mandated by the World Anti-Doping Code(Code), the World Anti-Doping Agency(WADA) is responsible for its preparation and publication. It is an International Standard identifying Substances and Methods prohibited in-competition, out-of-competition, and in particular sports. They are classified by categories(e. g., steroids, stimulants, gene doping). The use of any Prohibited Substance by an athlete for medical reasons is possible by virtue of a Therapeutic Use Exemption. 2, record 4, English, - World%20Anti%2DDoping%20Code%3A%20the%20Prohibited%20List
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Titres de monographies
- Drogues et toxicomanie
- Règlements généraux des sports
- Jeux et compétitions (Sports)
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- Code mondial antidopage : Liste des interdictions
1, record 4, French, Code%20mondial%20antidopage%20%3A%20Liste%20des%20interdictions
correct, masculine noun, international
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
- Liste des interdictions : standard international 1, record 4, French, Liste%20des%20interdictions%20%3A%20standard%20international
correct, feminine noun, international
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Dernière version : Liste des interdictions 2009 : Standard international. La liste a été publiée pour la première fois en 1963 par le Comité international olympique. Depuis 2004, tel que stipulé dans le Code mondial antidopage, l'Agence mondiale antidopage] est responsable de la préparation et de la publication. Il s'agit d'un Standard international identifiant les substances et méthodes interdites en et hors compétition, de même que dans des sports spécifiques. Elles sont classées par catégories (par ex. stéroïdes, stimulants, dopage génétique, etc). L'utilisation d'une substance interdite par un sportif pour des raisons médicales peut être autorisée par une autorisation d'usage à des fins thérapeutiques. 2, record 4, French, - Code%20mondial%20antidopage%20%3A%20Liste%20des%20interdictions
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2011-01-07
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Microbiology and Parasitology
- Non-Surgical Treatment
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- vector
1, record 5, English, vector
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[Alternative vector systems] include both viral and nonviral approaches to accomplish gene transfer. In both of these approaches, the goal is to develop a system that can deliver genes in vivo after systemic administration. This development is a step toward deriving a "targetable-injectable" vector-a vector that can deliver therapeutic genes selectively to target cells after direct, in vivo administration. 1, record 5, English, - vector
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Microbiologie et parasitologie
- Traitements non chirurgicaux
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- vecteur
1, record 5, French, vecteur
correct, masculine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Des vecteurs de synthèse pour la thérapie génique. [...] Les vecteurs envisagés actuellement sont des virus recombinants, rendus non pathogènes en remplaçant certaines séquences d'acide nucléique par celles à introduire dans la cellule. 1, record 5, French, - vecteur
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Microbiología y parasitología
- Tratamiento sin cirugía
Record 5, Main entry term, Spanish
- vector
1, record 5, Spanish, vector
masculine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 5, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Medio móvil que sirve de transporte. 2, record 5, Spanish, - vector
Record 6 - internal organization data 2001-11-09
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
- Pharmacology
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- epigenomics
1, record 6, English, epigenomics
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Gene researchers have embarked on a new field of research, called epigenomics, to determine whether genes ar in the on or off position. This type of marker could prove an important diagnostic or therapeutic tool for all types of cancer. 1, record 6, English, - epigenomics
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
- Pharmacologie
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- épigénomique
1, record 6, French, %C3%A9pig%C3%A9nomique
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'épigénomique se structure. Épigenomics AG et ORCA Biosciences, dont les centres d'intérêt sont la méthylation de l'ADN et le rôle de ce phénomène dans ces pathologies [...] Épigenomics [...] est spécialisée dans les technologies permettant de découvrir les cibles thérapeutiques, alors qu'ORCA Biosciences [...] a pour principal objectif la mise au point d'outils simples de dépistage sanguin des stades précoces du cancer. Leur intérêt commun est l'épigénétique [...]. 1, record 6, French, - %C3%A9pig%C3%A9nomique
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 1999-06-16
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- gene therapy vector
1, record 7, English, gene%20therapy%20vector
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Naturally occurring virus releases its genetic material into cells. Whether or not the genes become integrated into the DNA or the infected cell, they soon direct the synthesis of new viral particles that injure the cell and infect others. To convert a wild-type virus into a safe gene therapy vector, scientists replace viral genes with ones specifying therapeutic proteins, while ideally leaving only the viral elements needed for gene expression. Such vectors should enter cells and give rise to helpfull proteins but should not multiply. 1, record 7, English, - gene%20therapy%20vector
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Overcoming the obstacles to gene therapy 2, record 7, English, - gene%20therapy%20vector
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- vecteur de thérapie génique
1, record 7, French, vecteur%20de%20th%C3%A9rapie%20g%C3%A9nique
correct, masculine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Une collaboration étroite avec Schering-Plough nous a permis de participer à la mise en place d'un protocole clinique de Phase I/II de traitement de cancer du colon ou de l'ovaire par transfert du gène p53. SCH58500 est un vecteur de thérapie génique antinéoplasique développé par Schering-Plough qui consiste en un adénovirus vecteur de première génération qui contient et exprime la forme sauvage du gène p53. Ce protocole de phase I consiste à injecter des doses croissantes de vecteur adénoviral (10e9 à 10e13 pfu) dans la cavité péritonéale de malades atteints d'un cancer de l'ovaire. Malheureusement, ce protocole n'a jamais pu être actif à cause des lenteurs réciproques des agences réglementaires et de la société Schering-Plough. Un nouveau protocole est cependant prévu pour 1998. 1, record 7, French, - vecteur%20de%20th%C3%A9rapie%20g%C3%A9nique
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 1997-05-14
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- therapeutic gene
1, record 8, English, therapeutic%20gene
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
For gene therapy to realize its clinical potential, there must be efficient and safe strategies of delivering therapeutic genes to somatic cells in vivo. Perhaps this problem simply represents a special case of drug delivery in which the therapeutic gene constitutes the drug. But the relevance of traditional drug development to technological developments in gene therapy is questionable. Recombinant genes that can independently express a therapeutic RNA or protein are extraordinarily large and polar molecules--10, 000 times larger than traditional pharmaceutical agents. Moreover, the administration of genes as therapy requires vehicles--so-called vectors--that encapsulate the gene and guide it to the target cell. The binding of the gene to the cell, its internalization, the transport of the administered genome to the nucleus, and the expression of the gene all constitute potential limitations of this process. 1, record 8, English, - therapeutic%20gene
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- gène à visée thérapeutique
1, record 8, French, g%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20vis%C3%A9e%20th%C3%A9rapeutique
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'un des aspect essentiels du transfert de gènes à visée thérapeutique est la vectorisation de l'ADN par un transporteur jusqu'à la cellule cible [...] dans la plupart des cas, l'ADN doit être introduit dans la cellule, soit à l'aide d'une technique physique ou chimique fragilisant les membranes cellulaires, soit combiné à un vecteur. 1, record 8, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20vis%C3%A9e%20th%C3%A9rapeutique
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - internal organization data 1997-03-20
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- therapeutic gene
1, record 9, English, therapeutic%20gene
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
For gene therapy to realize its clinical potential, there must be efficient and safe strategies of delivering therapeutic genes to somatic cells in vivo. Perhaps this problem simply represents a special case of drug delivery in which the therapeutic gene constitutes the drug. But the relevance of traditional drug development to technological developments in gene therapy is questionable. Recombinant genes that can independently express a therapeutic RNA or protein are extraordinarily large and polar molecules--10, 000 times larger than traditional pharmaceutical agents. Moreover, the administration of genes as therapy requires vehicles--so-called vectors--that encapsulate the gene and guide it to the target cell. The binding of the gene to the cell, its internalization, the transport of the administered genome to the nucleus, and the expression of the gene all constitute potential limitations of this process. 1, record 9, English, - therapeutic%20gene
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- gène considéré comme médicament
1, record 9, French, g%C3%A8ne%20consid%C3%A9r%C3%A9%20comme%20m%C3%A9dicament
correct, masculine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
- gène à visée thérapeutique 1, record 9, French, g%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20vis%C3%A9e%20th%C3%A9rapeutique
correct, masculine noun
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Mais surtout, à côté de la pathologie, un fantastique domaine s'ouvre au transfert et à la thérapie génique, c'est celui du gène considéré comme médicament. La médecine utilise en effet toute une série de molécules d'origine protéique, comme les facteurs antihémophilliques, l'insuline, l'hormone de croissance, pour ne citer que les plus importantes. Le futur pourrait être la fabrication directe par l'organisme des molécules actives après transfert de gènes dans les cellules permissives. Mieux encore, on pourra vraisemblablement dams l'avenir injecter directement par voie intramusculaire par exemple, l'ADN génique, les cellules de l'organisme se comportant ensuite comme de mini-usines de fabrication et de mini-unités de distribution. 1, record 9, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20consid%C3%A9r%C3%A9%20comme%20m%C3%A9dicament
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Ceci ne saurait s'effectuer en dehors d'un contexte réglementaire adapté à la complexité des différents niveaux d'intervention que nécessite le transfert de gènes à visée thérapeutique. 1, record 9, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20consid%C3%A9r%C3%A9%20comme%20m%C3%A9dicament
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 1996-09-06
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- therapeutic gene
1, record 10, English, therapeutic%20gene
correct
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In the ideal world, the diseases would be cured for life by one treatment, with no side effects. And gene insertion into a chromosome in a target somatic cell would be site specific; in what is called homologous recombination, the healthy, or "therapeutic, "gene would exactly replace the damaged copy 1, record 10, English, - therapeutic%20gene
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- gène thérapeutique
1, record 10, French, g%C3%A8ne%20th%C3%A9rapeutique
correct, masculine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Des gènes marqueurs aux gènes thérapeutiques. De nombreux participants ont manifesté la volonté d'utiliser des approches de marquage avant d'aborder le problème du transfert génique en vue d'une action thérapeutique. 2, record 10, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20th%C3%A9rapeutique
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record 11 - internal organization data 1992-02-12
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- cancer inducer
1, record 11, English, cancer%20inducer
correct
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
... largeted insertion increases the probability that a therapeutic gene will function correctly. It also reduces the likelihood that random insertion will activate a quiescent oncogene(a cancer inducer) or inactivate a cancer suppressor 1, record 11, English, - cancer%20inducer
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- inducteur de cancer
1, record 11, French, inducteur%20de%20cancer
correct, masculine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
Record 12 - internal organization data 1992-02-12
Record 12, English
Record 12, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 12, Main entry term, English
- gene augmentation
1, record 12, English, gene%20augmentation
correct
Record 12, Abbreviations, English
Record 12, Synonyms, English
- augmentation 1, record 12, English, augmentation
correct
Record 12, Textual support, English
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
For now most scientists interested in gene augmentation are planning to remove cells from patients, introduce a therapeutic gene and return the altered cells to the subject. Some day, however, physicians may directly inject patients with genes linked to substances that will deliver those genes to specific target cells. 1, record 12, English, - gene%20augmentation
Record 12, French
Record 12, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 12, Main entry term, French
- augmentation génétique
1, record 12, French, augmentation%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique
correct, feminine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, French
Record 12, Synonyms, French
Record 12, Textual support, French
Record 12, Spanish
Record 12, Textual support, Spanish
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