TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Punitive damages have been awarded in most types of intentional torts such as battery, assault and unlawful arrest, trespass to land, trespass to goods, trespass to a ship, abuse of process, defamation, conversion and fraud.  3, record 1, English, - unlawful%20arrest

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At common law, every unauthorized and direct breach of the boundaries of another's land was an actionable trespass. No intent to commit a trespass was required. All that was necessary was that the act resulting in the trespass be volitional, and that the resulting trespass be direct and immediate.  1, record 2, English, - commit%20a%20trespass

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Commettre une intrusion, c'est entrer dans la propriété d'autrui sans permission ni excuse légitime.  2, record 2, French, - commettre%20une%20intrusion

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where one man orders or procures another to commit a trespass, and the agent does so, both principal and agent are liable for the damage done.  2, record 3, English, - commit%20a%20trespass

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Trespass : To commit an unlawful injury to the person, property, or rights of another, with actual or implied force or violence, especially to enter onto another's land wrongfully.  3, record 3, English, - commit%20a%20trespass

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A condition that interferes with a person's enjoyment of property; esp., a structure or other condition erected or put on nearby land, creating or continuing an invasion of the actor's land and amounting to a trespass to it.  2, record 4, English, - private%20nuisance

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nuisance privée : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 4, French, - nuisance%20priv%C3%A9e

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... one who cuts down a tree in the vicinity of his boundary in such a manner that it will in all probability fall on his own land, commits but an accidental trespass, if it crashes onto his neighbour's. The unauthorized entry, which is the injurious effect of his activity, was neither intended nor reasonably to the anticipated, and he is consequently absolved now that such an accidental trespass is no longer actionable.  2, record 5, English, - accidental%20trespass

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intrusion accidentelle; atteinte immobilière accidentelle : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 5, French, - intrusion%20accidentelle

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A trespass that two or more persons have united in committing, or that some have actually committed while others commanded, encouraged, or directed it.  2, record 6, English, - joint%20trespass

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

atteinte directe conjointe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 6, French, - atteinte%20directe%20conjointe

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the law of intentional wrongs developed principally within the frame of the old action of trespass, with its notion of prima facie liability for faultless causation, while the law of negligence emerged through the action on the case where fault was from the start a necessary element of liability.  2, record 7, English, - faultless%20causation

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

causalité sans faute : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 7, French, - causalit%C3%A9%20sans%20faute

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An entry on land that, though begun innocently or with a privilege, is deemed a trespass from the beginning because of conduct that abuses the privilege.  2, record 8, English, - trespass%20ab%20initio

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intrusion ab initio; atteinte immobilière ab initio : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 8, French, - intrusion%20ab%20initio

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

At common law, an action for damages resulting from an intentional injury to person or property, esp. if by violent means; trespass to the plaintiff's person, as in illegal assault, battery, wounding, or imprisonment, when not under color of legal process, or when the battery, wounding, or imprisonment was in the first instance lawful, but unnecessary violence was used or the imprisonment continued after the process had ceased to be lawful.  2, record 9, English, - trespass%20vi%20et%20armis

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trespass vi et armis : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 9, French, - trespass%20vi%20et%20armis

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A trespass committed when the plaintiff had a right to immediate possession of land but had not yet exercised that right.  2, record 10, English, - trespass%20by%20relation

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intrusion rétroactive; atteinte immobilière rétroactive : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 10, French, - intrusion%20r%C3%A9troactive

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... an unlawful disturbance of the possession of goods by seizure or removal of them, or by a direct act causing damage to them.  2, record 11, English, - trespass%20de%20bonis%20asportatis

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Another variety of trespass vi et armis is trespass de bonis asportatis, for the wrongful taking of chattels.  3, record 11, English, - trespass%20de%20bonis%20asportatis

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Historical term for "trespass to chattels"; "trespass to goods"; "trespass to personal property".  4, record 11, English, - trespass%20de%20bonis%20asportatis

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trespass de bonis asportatis : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 11, French, - trespass%20de%20bonis%20asportatis

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A form of action to remedy a trespass to land or to real property.  2, record 12, English, - trespass

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

action pour intrusion; action pour atteinte immobilière : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 12, French, - action%20pour%20intrusion

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A person’s unlawful entry on another’s land that is visibly enclosed.  2, record 13, English, - trespass%20quare%20clausum%20fregit

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Historical term for trespass; trespass to land; trespass to real property.  3, record 13, English, - trespass%20quare%20clausum%20fregit

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trespass quare clausum fregit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 13, French, - trespass%20quare%20clausum%20fregit

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An unlawful interference with one’s person ...  2, record 14, English, - trespass%20to%20the%20person

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trespass to the person comprises assault, assault and battery and wrongful imprisonment. The act may be intentional or negligent but must be committed against the will of the plaintiff.  3, record 14, English, - trespass%20to%20the%20person

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

atteinte directe à la personne : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 14, French, - atteinte%20directe%20%C3%A0%20la%20personne

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A continuing trespass is one which is permanent in its nature; as where a person builds on his own land so that part of the building overhangs his neighbour's land.  2, record 15, English, - continuing%20trespass

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intrusion continue; atteinte immobilière continue : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 15, French, - intrusion%20continue

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A trespass consisting of a series of acts, done on consecutive days, that are of the same nature and that are renewed or continued from day to day, so that the acts in the aggregate form one indivisible harm.  2, record 16, English, - permanent%20trespass

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... In addition to damages, a court may grant an injunction prohibiting any further continuing, repeated or permanent trespass.  3, record 16, English, - permanent%20trespass

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intrusion permanente; atteinte immobilière permanente : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 16, French, - intrusion%20permanente

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For injuries to the person or property which were the immediate and direct result of the defendant's force and for which an action of trespass would lie, the early common law imposed a rather strict responsibility.  3, record 17, English, - action%20of%20trespass

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"A form of action instituted to recover damages for any unlawful injury to the plaintiff’s person, property or rights, involving immediate force or violence." John A. Yogis, Canadian Law Dictionary, 5th edition, p. 282.  4, record 17, English, - action%20of%20trespass

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

action pour atteinte directe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 17, French, - action%20pour%20atteinte%20directe

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In the broadest aspect of the term, one who has committed a trespass of any kind or nature.  2, record 18, English, - trespasser

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

auteur d'une atteinte directe; auteure d'une atteinte directe : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 18, French, - auteur%20d%27une%20atteinte%20directe

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A trespass committed either unintentionally or in good faith.  2, record 19, English, - innocent%20trespass

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intrusion non consciente; atteinte immobilière non consciente : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 19, French, - intrusion%20non%20consciente

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The word tort comes from le Latin term torquere, which means "twisted or wrong. "The English common law recognized no separate legal action in tort. Instead, the British legal system afforded litigants two central avenues of redress :trespass for direct injuries, and actions "on the case" for indirect injuries. Gradually, the common law recognized other civil actions, including defamation, libel, and slander.  2, record 20, English, - action%20in%20tort

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

action en responsabilité délictuelle; action en responsabilité civile délictuelle : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 20, French, - action%20en%20responsabilit%C3%A9%20d%C3%A9lictuelle

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trespasss on the case: A form of action now obsolete in which the damage complained of is a result not immediate, but consequential of an unlawful act; so called from the Latin name of the writs (brevia de transgressione super casum) under which it was brought; also the name of the writ itself.  6, record 21, English, - writ%20of%20trespass%20on%20the%20case

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The writs that remedied the injuries which in modern time are called torts were principally the writ of trespass and the writ of trespass on the case or "case".  7, record 21, English, - writ%20of%20trespass%20on%20the%20case

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

case : sens historique.  8, record 21, English, - writ%20of%20trespass%20on%20the%20case

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bref de trespass on the case : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 21, French, - bref%20de%20trespass%20on%20the%20case

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The doctrine of "continuous trespass" applies only to omissions to remove something which has been brought on land and wrongfully left there; it does not extend to other cases where a defendant fails to restore the land to the same condition in which he found it, there the plaintiff can only treat the initial entry as trespass and must content himself with one action in which damages are recoverable for both past and future loss.  1, record 22, English, - future%20loss

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plea, which the defendant has the burden of establishing at trial, by which he admits the truth of material facts stated in the plaintiff’s statement of claim, but destroys the legal effect of these admissions by pleading other facts, which, if true, constitute a defence.  3, record 23, English, - affirmative%20defence

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As the early common law attached liability to trespass on mere proof of direct causation, it became necessary, after the later admission of exculpatory considerations, for the defendant to "justify" or "excuse" his conduct by specially pleading and proving the circumstances which destroyed its actionable quality. Thus "justification" became an affirmative defence.  4, record 23, English, - affirmative%20defence

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In a statement of defence.  3, record 23, English, - affirmative%20defence

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

défense affirmative : terme recommandé par le Comité d'uniformisation des règles de procédure civile dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 23, French, - d%C3%A9fense%20affirmative

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

At common law, the owner of cattle must take care that they do not trespass or stray on the lands of another.  2, record 24, English, - cattle%2Dtrespass%20rule

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... the court held the omission of the words "persons or" in the revision of the death act giving administrators and executors an action for trespass to "person or property" of their decedent...  2, record 25, English, - action%20for%20trespass%20to%20person

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Voluntary sexual intercourse between a spouse and any person other than his wife or her husband while the marriage exists.  3, record 26, English, - adultery

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In divorce proceedings, adultery committed by the spouse against whom the proceeding is brought may constitute proof that the marriage has irretrievably broken down.  4, record 26, English, - adultery

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

adultery; advowtry : adultery was formerly a tort actionable by a writ of trespass in an action for criminal conversation, which lay against one who had committed adultery with the plaintiff's wife.  2, record 26, English, - adultery

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport sexuel consensuel d'une personne mariée avec une autre que son conjoint.  2, record 26, French, - adult%C3%A8re

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'adultère de l'un des conjoints est considéré comme un fait permettant d'établir l'échec du mariage dans le cadre du divorce.  3, record 26, French, - adult%C3%A8re

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

L'adultère était autrefois à l'origine d'un délit connu également sous le nom de conversation criminelle («criminal conversation»), lequel permettait au mari d'intenter une action judiciaire contre l'homme avec lequel son épouse avait commis l'adultère.  3, record 26, French, - adult%C3%A8re

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 3 OBS

adultère : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 26, French, - adult%C3%A8re

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... without statutory protection, surveyors may be liable for civil or criminal trespass if they enter onto property without permission.(Civil trespass is defined as the intentional invasion of land in possession of another.)  2, record 27, English, - intentional%20invasion%20of%20land

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Law of Trespass has seen minor refinement over the centuries, but no real change has occurred... Even in those common-law jurisdictions(most of them) which have codified the Law of Trespass in one form or another, there has been almost no changes to the common-law principles.  2, record 28, English, - law%20of%20trespass

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The different treatment accorded to inevitable accident and unavoidable mistake could be superficially explained on the ground that... [the courts] found little authority standing in the way of transforming trespass into a remedy requiring proof of intentional or negligent wrongdoing.  1, record 29, English, - negligent%20wrongdoing

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

agissements négligents : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  2, record 29, French, - agissements%20n%C3%A9gligents

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The doctrine of "continuous trespass" applies only to omissions to remove something which has been brought on land and wrongfully left there; it does not extend to other cases where a defendant fails to restore the land to the same condition in which he found it, there the plaintiff can only treat the initial entry as trespass and must content himself with one action in which damages are recoverable for both past and future loss.  1, record 30, English, - past%20loss

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dommage déjà réalisé, par opposition au dommage futur.  1, record 30, French, - perte%20actuelle

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An action for mesne profits is an action of trespass brought to recover profits derived from land whilst the possession of it was improperly withheld, that is, the yearly value of the premises. Mesne profits are the rents and profits which a trespasser has, or might have received or made during his occupation of the premises, and which, therefore, he must pay over to the true owner as compensation for the tort which he has committed. A claim for rent is therefore liquidated, while a claim for mesne profits is always unliquidated.  1, record 31, English, - action%20for%20mesne%20profits

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action pour recouvrer des bénéfices intermédiaires illégitimes.  1, record 31, French, - action%20en%20b%C3%A9n%C3%A9fices%20interm%C3%A9diaires

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Replevin is a personal action to recover possession in specie of goods unlawfully taken(generally, but not exclusively, applicable to the taking of goods distrained for rent), by contesting the validity of the seizure, whereas, if the owner prefers to have damages instead, the validity may be contested by an action of trespass of unlawful distress.  1, record 32, English, - action%20of%20trespass%20of%20unlawful%20distress

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In legal use, to be concerned only with damages.  1, record 33, English, - sound%20in%20damages

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sounding in damages. An action which is brought to recover damages, as apposed to an action for debt. For the plaintiff to succeed he must prove he suffered some damage.  2, record 33, English, - sound%20in%20damages

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

When an action is brought, not for the recovery of lands, goods or sums of money..., but for damages only, as in... trespass, etc. the action is said to be "sounding in damages".  3, record 33, English, - sound%20in%20damages

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 3 CONT

For damages only, as an action sounding in damages.  4, record 33, English, - sound%20in%20damages

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A right, in its most general sense, is either the liberty (protected by law) of acting or abstaining from acting in a certain manner, or the power (enforced by law) of compelling a specific person to do or abstain from doing a particular thing. (Jowitt, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1581).  1, record 34, English, - right

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[A] licence does not create an interest in land but rather gives the right to use property in a manner which otherwise would be a trespass.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 225).  1, record 34, English, - right

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Care should be taken when speaking of a right not to confuse it with other property interests. (Cartwright, p. 821)  1, record 34, English, - right

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme s'emploie dans toutes ses acceptions générique et spécifique.  1, record 34, French, - droit

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 OBS

droit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 34, French, - droit

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A licence is a permission given by the occupier of land which allows the licensee to do some act which would otherwise be a trespass, "e. g. ", to lodge in his house.(Megarry and Wade, p. 776)  1, record 35, English, - licence

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A licence is in the nature of a right or privilege to enter upon and use the grantor’s land in a certain manner or for a specified purpose. It is a personal right between the licensor and licensee and does not create any estate or interest in the land. (Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., p. 918).  1, record 35, English, - licence

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

permission : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 35, French, - permission

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A common law remedy for the recovery of compensation for trespass by animals taken while doing the damage(damage feasant). The animals had to be seized while on the land and in course of the trespass; they could not be followed if they left the land. To justify the seizure there had to be actual damage done. Once seized the animals had to be impounded, i. e. confined in a manor or common pound or in the distrainor's premises and they can then be detained till satisfaction is made for the damage and charges are paid...(Walker, p. 365)  1, record 36, English, - distress%20damage%20feasant

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On peut employer aussi, si le contexte le permet, l'équivalent abrégé «saisie pour commission de dommage».  1, record 36, French, - saisie%2Dgagerie%20pour%20commission%20de%20dommage

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

saisie-gagerie pour commission de dommage : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 36, French, - saisie%2Dgagerie%20pour%20commission%20de%20dommage

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A writ, or rather a commission, directed to certain persons for the trial and punishment of such persons as have been concerned in a riotous assembly, insurrection or other heinous misdemeanor.  2, record 37, English, - hearing%20and%20determining

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For hearing and determining... The name of a writ, or rather commission granted to certain justices to bear and determine cases of heinous misdemeanor, trespass, riotous breach of the peace.  3, record 37, English, - hearing%20and%20determining

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A parcel of land, whether or not enclosed, in which a person has at least a present possessory interest which will entitle him to bring an action of trespass for breach of the close.(Cartwright, 1972, p. 159).  1, record 38, English, - close

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

clos : qualifiant ce terme d'historique, le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO) n'a pas tenu à le normaliser.  2, record 38, French, - clos

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An easement which entitles the owner of the dominant tenement to use the servient tenement, or which clothes him with authority to do some act on the servient tenement which would otherwise be unlawful. (Ballentine, 1969, p. 46)  1, record 39, English, - affirmative%20easement

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An easement is positive when it entitles the dominant owner to make active use of the servient tenement, or to do some act which, in the absence of an easement, would be a nuisance or a trespass.(Jowitt, p. 676)  1, record 39, English, - affirmative%20easement

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

servitude positive : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 39, French, - servitude%20positive

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trespass : term officially approved by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.  2, record 40, English, - trespass

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

violation du droit de propriété : terme uniformisé au ministère des Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien.  2, record 40, French, - violation%20du%20droit%20de%20propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the action of trespass also came to serve the wholly distinct function of an ordinary tort remedy for material damage sustained by an occupier as the direct result of another's activity involving an entry, whether personal or by means of animate or inanimate objects.  3, record 41, English, - material%20damage

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dommage matériel; préjudice matériel : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 41, French, - dommage%20mat%C3%A9riel

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Against this general approach to the interpretation of s. 9 of the TPA [Trespass to Property Act], the appellant argues that a negative inference should be taken from other Ontario legislation.  1, record 42, English, - negative%20inference

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À l’encontre de ce mode d’interprétation général de l’art. 9 LESA [Loi sur l'entrée sans autorisation], l’appelant fait valoir qu’une inférence négative devrait être faite à partir d’autres textes législatifs de l’Ontario.  1, record 42, French, - inf%C3%A9rence%20n%C3%A9gative

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A defense to an action in trespass setting up the consent of the plaintiff to the trespass complained of.  2, record 43, English, - leave%20and%20licence

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In somes states, an action for the recovery of property unlawfully withheld from an owner who has the immediate right to possession.  3, record 44, English, - trespass%20to%20try%20title

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A trespass to try title action is the method of determining title to lands, tenements, or other real property.  2, record 44, English, - trespass%20to%20try%20title

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

per quod servitium amisit : In old pleading, whereby he lost the company [of his wife]. A phrase used in the old declarations in actions of trespass by a husband for beating or ill using his wife, descriptive of the special damage he had sustained.  2, record 45, English, - trespass%20per%20quod%20servitium%20amisit

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An action of trespass for the abduction of the wife of the plaintiff.  1, record 46, English, - trespass%20de%20uxore%20abducto

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Punitive damages have been awarded in most types of intentional torts such as battery, assault and unlawful arrest, trespass to land, trespass to goods, trespass to a ship, abuse of process, defamation, conversion, and fraud.  1, record 47, English, - trespass%20to%20a%20ship

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un examen de la jurisprudence révèle que des dommages-intérêts punitifs ont été accordées pour la plupart des délits intentionnels, comme les actes de violence, les voies de fait et l'arrestation illégale, l'atteinte directe aux immeubles, l'atteinte directe aux meubles, l'atteinte directe à un navire, les poursuites abusives, la diffamation, l'appropriation illégale et la fraude.  1, record 47, French, - atteinte%20directe%20%C3%A0%20un%20navire

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An action of trespass which lay where the defendant had assaulted or ill-used the wife whereby the plaintiff was deprived of her society.  2, record 48, English, - trespass%20per%20quod%20consortium%20amisit

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

per quod consortium amisit.  3, record 48, English, - trespass%20per%20quod%20consortium%20amisit

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Trespass in its civil law sense, and its penal sense too, connotes unjustified invasion of another's possession.  2, record 49, English, - trespass

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 2 OBS

trespass; violation du droit de propriété : equivalence officialized by the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs(Canada).  3, record 49, English, - trespass

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trespass;violation du droit de propriété : Équivalence uniformisée au ministère des Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien.  4, record 49, French, - violation%20du%20droit%20de%20propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If a man cuts down one of his trees expecting it to fall on his own land, he is not liable for intentional trespass if by miscalculation the tree falls on his neighbour's land. It would be otherwise if the tree fell where he wanted it to fall, but without his knowledge this turned out to be on the land of his neighbour. The latter case is considered to be one of intentional intrusion, albeit under mistake, and is nevertheless actionable.  1, record 50, English, - intentional%20intrusion

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si un homme coupe un arbre en pensant qu'il tombera sur son propre terrain, il n'est pas responsable d'une atteinte directe intentionnelle si l'arbre tombe par erreur chez son voisin. Il en serait autrement si l'arbre tombait à l'endroit voulu, mais que l'homme ne savait pas que ce terrain appartenait à son voisin. Il s'agirait alors d'une atteinte intentionnelle qui, malgré qu'elle résulte d'une erreur, donnerait ouverture à une poursuite.  2, record 50, French, - atteinte%20intentionnelle

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fiche terminologique en droit de la responsabilité délictuelle fournie par le Centre de traduction et de documentation juridique de l'Université d'Ottawa.  3, record 50, French, - atteinte%20intentionnelle

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 DEF

One who lives in close proximity to another.  2, record 51, English, - neighbour

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Qualified only by such concern for neighbours as was enacted by the law of nuisance and trespass, the landowner was virtually immune to demands for the safety of persons who came upon his land.  1, record 51, English, - neighbour

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

general meaning.  3, record 51, English, - neighbour

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... if(one who cuts down a tree) had thought that he owned all the land on which the tree would possibly fall and intentionally cut it so that it would come down on land which turns out to be his neighbour's, he has committed an intentional trespass under mistake. The actual result which has come to pass was intended under the erroneous notion that it would not violate another's rights.  1, record 52, English, - intentional%20trespass

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The trend of later development was to associate actions on the case with negligent harm and trespass with intentional wrongs.  1, record 53, English, - negligent%20harm

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The fact or set of facts which give a person a right to bring an action.  2, record 54, English, - cause%20of%20action

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A cause of action is sometimes a wrongful act by itself, e. g. trespass, but in other senses, e. g. negligence, a cause of action is not complete until there is both wrongful act and resultant harm.  2, record 54, English, - cause%20of%20action

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fondement de la demande en justice; base de la prétention qui concourt, avec l'objet, à déterminer la matière du litige [...] et l'étendue de la chose jugée à laquelle la loi attache autorité.  2, record 54, French, - cause%20d%27action

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cause d'action : Recommandation du Comité d'uniformisation des règles de procédure civile dans le cadre du PAJLO.  9, record 54, French, - cause%20d%27action

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 2 OBS

évènement : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  8, record 54, French, - cause%20d%27action

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[a writ] brought to recover damages for a loss or injury resulting not directly but indirectly or consequentially, from the act complained of.  1, record 55, English, - action%20on%20the%20case

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[This] writ was worded similarly to that for trespass but omitted the words "vi et armis", and an action on the case could be had for every circumstance where a man had suffered loss or damage.(...) Actions on the case were either trespass on the case covering wrongs similar to those covered by the writ of trespass, but without immediate violence; or general actions on the case giving a remedy for all other wrongs, particularly for waste, deceit and nuisance.  2, record 55, English, - action%20on%20the%20case

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 56,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... without proof of actual damage.  1, record 56, English, - actionable%20per%20se

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... trespass is actionable per se, i. e. whether or not the plaintiff has actually suffered any damage.  2, record 56, English, - actionable%20per%20se

Record 56,  Textual support,  French

Record 56,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 57,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 OBS

regulation.  1, record 57, English, - trespass%20unduly

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

trespass unduly on existing rights and freedoms  1, record 57, English, - trespass%20unduly

Record 57,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

empiéter indûment sur les droits et libertés existants  1, record 57, French, - empi%C3%A9ter%20ind%C3%BBment

Record 57,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 58,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Hunters must recognize that firing over land without permission of the owner constitutes a trespass to land and if injury to person results, trespass to person  1, record 58, English, - trespass%20to%20land

Record 58,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Les chasseurs doivent savoir que de tirer des coups de feu sur le terrain d'autrui sans la permission du propriétaire constitue une atteinte directe à la propriété immobilière et, s'il en résulte des blessures à des personnes, une atteinte à l'intégrité physique de celles-ci  1, record 58, French, - atteinte%20directe%20%C3%A0%20la%20propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20immobili%C3%A8re

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fiche terminologique en droit de la responsabilité délictuelle fournie par le Centre de traduction et de documentation juridique de l'Université d'Ottawa.  2, record 58, French, - atteinte%20directe%20%C3%A0%20la%20propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20immobili%C3%A8re

Record 58,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 59,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trespass is primarily an intentional wrong; and it seems barely open to serious debate that claims for accidental trespassory harm must today meet the modern conditions of liability for unintended injury stemming from the competing action on the case. This has a bearing both on the requirement of damage and the question of liability without fault.  1, record 59, English, - trespassory%20harm

Record 59,  Textual support,  French

Record 59,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 60,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 60, Textual support number: 1 OBS

is a trespass against somebo(y's vested ideas  1, record 60, English, - vested%20ideas

Record 60,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 60, Textual support number: 1 OBS

est une offense faite à quelque conviction innée the linguist June/62 p.157  1, record 60, French, - conviction%20inn%C3%A9e

Record 60,  Textual support,  Spanish