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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the law of intentional wrongs developed principally within the frame of the old action of trespass, with its notion of prima facie liability for faultless causation, while the law of negligence emerged through the action on the case where fault was from the start a necessary element of liability.  2, record 1, English, - faultless%20causation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

causalité sans faute : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 1, French, - causalit%C3%A9%20sans%20faute

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The word tort comes from le Latin term torquere, which means "twisted or wrong. "The English common law recognized no separate legal action in tort. Instead, the British legal system afforded litigants two central avenues of redress :trespass for direct injuries, and actions "on the case" for indirect injuries. Gradually, the common law recognized other civil actions, including defamation, libel, and slander.  2, record 2, English, - action%20in%20tort

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

action en responsabilité délictuelle; action en responsabilité civile délictuelle : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 2, French, - action%20en%20responsabilit%C3%A9%20d%C3%A9lictuelle

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trespasss on the case: A form of action now obsolete in which the damage complained of is a result not immediate, but consequential of an unlawful act; so called from the Latin name of the writs (brevia de transgressione super casum) under which it was brought; also the name of the writ itself.  6, record 3, English, - writ%20of%20trespass%20on%20the%20case

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The writs that remedied the injuries which in modern time are called torts were principally the writ of trespass and the writ of trespass on the case or "case".  7, record 3, English, - writ%20of%20trespass%20on%20the%20case

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

case : sens historique.  8, record 3, English, - writ%20of%20trespass%20on%20the%20case

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bref de trespass on the case : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 3, French, - bref%20de%20trespass%20on%20the%20case

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If a man cuts down one of his trees expecting it to fall on his own land, he is not liable for intentional trespass if by miscalculation the tree falls on his neighbour's land. It would be otherwise if the tree fell where he wanted it to fall, but without his knowledge this turned out to be on the land of his neighbour. The latter case is considered to be one of intentional intrusion, albeit under mistake, and is nevertheless actionable.  1, record 4, English, - intentional%20intrusion

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si un homme coupe un arbre en pensant qu'il tombera sur son propre terrain, il n'est pas responsable d'une atteinte directe intentionnelle si l'arbre tombe par erreur chez son voisin. Il en serait autrement si l'arbre tombait à l'endroit voulu, mais que l'homme ne savait pas que ce terrain appartenait à son voisin. Il s'agirait alors d'une atteinte intentionnelle qui, malgré qu'elle résulte d'une erreur, donnerait ouverture à une poursuite.  2, record 4, French, - atteinte%20intentionnelle

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fiche terminologique en droit de la responsabilité délictuelle fournie par le Centre de traduction et de documentation juridique de l'Université d'Ottawa.  3, record 4, French, - atteinte%20intentionnelle

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The trend of later development was to associate actions on the case with negligent harm and trespass with intentional wrongs.  1, record 5, English, - negligent%20harm

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[a writ] brought to recover damages for a loss or injury resulting not directly but indirectly or consequentially, from the act complained of.  1, record 6, English, - action%20on%20the%20case

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[This] writ was worded similarly to that for trespass but omitted the words "vi et armis", and an action on the case could be had for every circumstance where a man had suffered loss or damage.(...) Actions on the case were either trespass on the case covering wrongs similar to those covered by the writ of trespass, but without immediate violence; or general actions on the case giving a remedy for all other wrongs, particularly for waste, deceit and nuisance.  2, record 6, English, - action%20on%20the%20case

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trespass is primarily an intentional wrong; and it seems barely open to serious debate that claims for accidental trespassory harm must today meet the modern conditions of liability for unintended injury stemming from the competing action on the case. This has a bearing both on the requirement of damage and the question of liability without fault.  1, record 7, English, - trespassory%20harm

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish