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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... an intentional trespasser is one who trespasses knowing he is wrong, while an innocent trespasser believes he is right.  2, record 1, English, - intentional%20trespasser

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'intrusion est intentionnelle lorsque l'auteur de l'intrusion est conscient que ce qu'il fait n'est pas correct.  3, record 1, French, - auteur%20d%27intrusion%20intentionnelle

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Another problem involving the use of words is the question of "conditional assault". If one person points a gun at another and says, "Your money or your life!", it might be argued that it is not assault because the plaintiff may avoid any harm by complying with the condition and parting with his money. It could be contended that the requirement of immediacy is absent. Such an argument is fallacious, however, for one cannot impose conditions upon another, when one has no legal right to do so. It would be otherwise of a landowner said to a trespasser, "Get off my land or I’ll throw you off, "for in such a case, the landowner is only threatening to do what he is entitled to do anyway.  1, record 2, English, - conditional%20assault

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un autre problème relié aux paroles est celui des «voies de fait conditionnelles». Si un individu braque une arme sur quelqu'un en lui disant : «la bourse ou la vie!», on pourrait soutenir qu'il n'y a pas de voies de fait parce que le demandeur peut éviter tout préjudice en se soumettant à la condition et en se défaisant de son argent. On pourrait soutenir que le caractère d'imminence est absent, mais cet argument est faux car personne ne peut, sans justification, imposer des conditions à une autre personne. La situation serait différente si un propriétaire disait à un intrus «Si vous ne déguerpissez pas, je vous expulserai moi-même!», puisque, dans ce cas, le propriétaire menace seulement de faire ce qu'il a le droit de faire de toute façon.  2, record 2, French, - voies%20de%20fait%20conditionnelles

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

voies de fait conditionnelles : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  3, record 2, French, - voies%20de%20fait%20conditionnelles

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... one cannot impose conditions upon another, when one has no legal right to do so. It would be otherwise if a landowner said to a trespasser, "Get off my land or I’ll throw you off, "for in such a case, the landowner is only threatening to do what he is entitled to do anyway.  2, record 3, English, - trespasser

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] personne ne peut, sans justification, imposer des conditions à une autre personne. La situation serait différente si un propriétaire disait à un intrus "Si vous ne déguerpissez pas, je vous expulserai moi-même!". Puisque, dans ce cas, le propriétaire menace seulement de faire ce qu'il a le droit de faire de toute façon.  3, record 3, French, - intrus

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intrus, intruse, auteur d'une atteinte immobilière, auteure d'une atteinte immobilière : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  4, record 3, French, - intrus

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The failure to object to an infringement of right, yielding an inference of assent and excluding a claim to equitable relief, arising when a person, in the full knowledge of his rights and of the conduct infringing them, allows the person to infringe, does not object, and leads the person infringing to believe that he has waived or abandoned his rights.  2, record 4, English, - acquiescence

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[A trespasser includes] any person who happens to enter someone else's land without consent or privilege... Consent may be inferred from acquiescence in persistent intrusions.  3, record 4, English, - acquiescence

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Absence d'objection d'une personne à la violation de son droit.  2, record 4, French, - acquiescement

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'acquiescement laisse présumer le consentement. Il exclut d'avance toute demande de compensation qui, sans lui, aurait pu être formulée en equity.  2, record 4, French, - acquiescement

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rents and profits obtained from the land by one who is in unlawful possession of the land and who holds it against the true owner.  2, record 5, English, - mesne%20profits

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Profits derived from land whilst the possession of it has been improperly withheld : that is, the yearly value of the premises. Mesne profits are the rents and profits which a trespasser has, or might have, received or made during his occupation of the premises, and which therefore he must pay over to the true owner as compensation for the tort which he has committed.  3, record 5, English, - mesne%20profits

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mesne profits: term usually used in the plural in this context.  4, record 5, English, - mesne%20profits

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bénéfices obtenus pendant qu'une personne occupait illégitimement les lieux d'une autre personne.  1, record 5, French, - b%C3%A9n%C3%A9fices%20interm%C3%A9diaires

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bénéfices intermédiaires : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel dans ce contexte.  2, record 5, French, - b%C3%A9n%C3%A9fices%20interm%C3%A9diaires

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An action for mesne profits is an action of trespass brought to recover profits derived from land whilst the possession of it was improperly withheld, that is, the yearly value of the premises. Mesne profits are the rents and profits which a trespasser has, or might have received or made during his occupation of the premises, and which, therefore, he must pay over to the true owner as compensation for the tort which he has committed. A claim for rent is therefore liquidated, while a claim for mesne profits is always unliquidated.  1, record 6, English, - action%20for%20mesne%20profits

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action pour recouvrer des bénéfices intermédiaires illégitimes.  1, record 6, French, - action%20en%20b%C3%A9n%C3%A9fices%20interm%C3%A9diaires

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A concealed danger that an occupier of land creates to injure trespassers.  2, record 7, English, - retributive%20danger

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A retributive danger is lawful only to the extent that it could be justified if the occupier had inflicted the injury personally or directly to the trespasser. Thus, a spring gun or a landmine is an unlawful means of defending land against a trespasser.  2, record 7, English, - retributive%20danger

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The plaintiff was not a trespasser in the executive lounge and, in taking the bracelet into his care and control, he was acting with obvious honesty.(Parker v. British Airways(1982), 2 WLR 503, p. 515)  1, record 8, English, - take%20something%20into%20one%27s%20care%20and%20contol

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A tenancy at sufferance arises where a tenant, having entered under a valid tenancy, holds over without the landlord's assent or dissent. Such a tenant differs from a trespasser in that his original entry was lawful, and from a tenant at will in that his tenancy exists without the landlord's consent. A tenancy at sufferance can arise only by operation of law, and not by express grant, for it assumes an absence of agreement between landlord and tenant.(Megarry & Wade, 4th ed., 1975, p. 640).  1, record 9, English, - tenancy%20at%20sufferance

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenance par tolérance : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 9, French, - tenance%20par%20tol%C3%A9rance

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Person who has permission though not an invitation to come on to the property of another and who has furnished no consideration for such permission. He is not an invitee, though, because of the permission, he is not a trespasser.(Black's, 5th ed., 1979, p. 631).  1, record 10, English, - gratuitous%20licensee

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

permissionnaire à titre gratuit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 10, French, - permissionnaire%20%C3%A0%20titre%20gratuit

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Overholding with consent. Until rent is paid or something said or done on the part of the landlord to indicate an intention to treat the tenant holding over as his tenant for a further term, the landlord may treat him as a trespasser and bring an action of ejectment. When, however, a tenant is allowed to continue in possession after the expiration of a tenancy by agreement, the terms on which he continues to occupy are matters of evidence rather than of law. If there is nothing to show a different understanding he will be considered to hold on the terms of the old lease in so far as these terms are applicable. It is also a question of intention whether the parties, when the lease provides for overholding, intend the tenant to remain under the overholding provisions or under a new lease.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd, p. 285-286)  1, record 11, English, - holding%20over

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

occupation après terme : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 11, French, - occupation%20apr%C3%A8s%20terme

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Every person having an estate or interest in land determinable upon a life and the guardian or trustee for a minor having such an estate who, after the determination of such particular estate or interest, without the express consent of the person who is next and immediately entitled upon and after the determination of such particular estate or interest, holds over and continues in possession of any land, shall be deemed a trespasser....(R. S. O. 1980, c. 90, s. 52).  1, record 12, English, - estate%20determinable%20upon%20a%20life

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

domaine résoluble au décès : terme général applicable, par exemple, au «domaine» cédé à bail pour un certain nombre d'années sous la réserve qu'il s'éteindra au décès du locataire si celui-ci survient plus tôt.  1, record 12, French, - domaine%20r%C3%A9soluble%20au%20d%C3%A9c%C3%A8s

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

domaine résoluble au décès : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 12, French, - domaine%20r%C3%A9soluble%20au%20d%C3%A9c%C3%A8s

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"The enjoyment as of right" must mean enjoyment had, not secretly or by stealth, or by tacit sufferance, or by permission asked from time to time, on each occasion or even on many occasions of using it; but an enjoyment had openly, notoriously, without particular leave at the time, by a person claiming to use it without danger of being treated as trespasser, as a matter of right.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 942)  1, record 13, English, - enjoyment%20as%20of%20right

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

jouissance comme de droit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 13, French, - jouissance%20comme%20de%20droit

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When land is vacant, the owner is deemed to be in constructive possession, it being said that possession follows the title where there is no actual adverse occupancy ... (Anger & Honsberger, Law of Real Property, 2nd ed., 1985, vol. 2, p. 1513).  1, record 14, English, - adverse%20occupancy

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Adverse occupation of residential premises. It is an offence for a person who is on premises as a trespasser, after having entered as such, to fail to leave on being required to do so by or on behalf of a displaced residential occupier of the premises...(Curzon, 2nd, p. 12)  1, record 14, English, - adverse%20occupancy

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

occupation adversative : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues (PAJLO).  2, record 14, French, - occupation%20adversative

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the occupier’s responsibility to trespassers is to be measured (not) by any duty of care, but by its newfound cousin - a intermediate position between the former standard of recklessness ... and the Atkinian standard of neighbourly care.  1, record 15, English, - standard%20of%20recklessness

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

standard of recklessness :(The "standard of recklessness" refers to the rule) that an occupier was liable only for some act done with deliberate intention of doing harm to the trespasser, or at least some act done with reckless disregard of his presence.  1, record 15, English, - standard%20of%20recklessness

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The "trespasser rule" is based on a policy favouring occupiers rather than penalizing intruders. Hence the corollary developed... that from other than the occupier a trespasser is entitled to the same degree of protection as anyone lawfully on the land...  1, record 16, English, - non%2Doccupier

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

as opposed to "occupier".  2, record 16, English, - non%2Doccupier

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The amount of force that may be used to exclude or expel a trespasser varies with the nature of the intrusion and the resistance encountered. Ordinarily, no force at all is justified, until he has been requested to leave and given a reasonable opportunity to comply.  1, record 17, English, - expel%20a%20trespasser

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The amount of force that may be used to exclude or expel a trespasser varies with the nature of the intrusion and the resistance encountered. Ordinarily, no force at all is justified, until he has been requested to leave and given a reasonable opportunity to comply.  1, record 18, English, - exclude%20a%20trespasser

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A person who enters on land with authority and while there abuses the authority by committing a wrongful act is deemed a trespasser at initio.  1, record 19, English, - trespasser%20ab%20initio

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish