TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Leading up to fall migration, a number of bird species are known to gather at large communal roosting sites, which are often detected by NWS [National Weather Service] Doppler radar. The unique doughnut pattern, known as a "roost ring, "is the result of birds departing their roosting site in all directions, roughly in equal densities. As they travel further from their roosting site and reach higher altitudes, they are detected by radar until they either rise above or drop below the radar beam.  2, record 1, English, - roost%20ring

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Motif en forme d'anneau apparaissant sur les images de radars météorologiques causé par l'envol d'oiseaux à partir de leur site de repos dans toutes les directions de manière simultanée.  1, record 1, French, - anneau%20d%27envol

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The new French meteorological radar, ROMUALD, has been operational since October 2001 in French Guiana making it possible to gain two hours in forecasting adverse weather conditions. ROMUALD is the first of a series of nine weather radars that, by 2004, will make up a network covering the Greater Caribbean to make better predictions of intense rainfall, and cyclones. The design and operation of ROMUALD("Radar d’observation météorologique d’utilisation aisée localement et à distance")(the easy-to-use local and distance meteorological observation radar) result from the co-operation between Metéo-France and CNES(the French Space Studies Centre [called the "Centre national d’études spatiales"]) [...]  1, record 2, English, - Radar%20d%27observation%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique%20d%27utilisation%20ais%C3%A9e%20localement%20et%20%C3%A0%20distance

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

easy-to-use local and distance meteorological observation radar: literal translation provided for information purposes only.  2, record 2, English, - Radar%20d%27observation%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique%20d%27utilisation%20ais%C3%A9e%20localement%20et%20%C3%A0%20distance

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Radar d'observation météorologique d'utilisation aisée localement et à distance. Juchée tout en haut de la Montagne des Pères, à quelques kilomètres de Kourou sur la route de Cayenne, la station météo du Centre Spatial Guyanais vient de se doter d'un nouveau radar plus performant, d'une portée de 400 kilomètres et capable de fournir au centre Météo-France de Cayenne-Rochambeau des données de précipitations toutes les 5 minutes. ROMUALD couvrira les zones habitées du littoral, de Saint-Laurent aux frontières du Brésil, tout en assurant pour le Centre Spatial Guyanais un rôle essentiel de prévision météo lors des lancements Ariane.  1, record 2, French, - Radar%20d%27observation%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique%20d%27utilisation%20ais%C3%A9e%20localement%20et%20%C3%A0%20distance

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ground-based weather radars emerged during World War II and have since been used to observe precipitation, mostly over land. Ground-based radars send out pulses of microwave energy in narrow beams that scan in a circular pattern. When the microwave pulse encounters precipitation particles in the atmosphere, the energy is scattered in all directions, sending some energy back to the radar. These measurements are used to estimate intensity, altitude, precipitation type(e. g., rain, snow, hail), and motion. Obtaining continuous measurements of precipitation from ground-based systems(e. g., from rain gauges and radar systems) presents a challenge due to large gaps between monitoring sites on land and huge gaps over the ocean.  1, record 3, English, - ground%2Dbased%20weather%20radar

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although great progress has been made using ground-based Doppler radars to study storm structure, remote storms such as oceanic cyclones and hurricanes cannot be observed with these systems. Also, some phenomena are remote, such as orographic storms over mountains or clouds over the arctic... Airborne meteorological radars provide a means to make measurements of the structure and dynamics of these difficult-to-observe weather systems.... meteorological radar systems are deployed on a number of research aircraft.  4, record 4, English, - airborne%20weather%20radar

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Doppler weather radar. For many years radar has been used to provide information about the intensity and extent of rain and other forms of precipitation.... A major improvement in the capability of weather radar came about when engineers developed new radars that could measure the Doppler frequency shift in addition to the magnitude of the echo signal reflected from precipitation. The Doppler frequency shift is important because it is related to the radial velocity of the precipitation blown by wind(the component of the wind moving either toward or away from the radar installation). Since tornadoes, mesocyclones(which spawn tornadoes), hurricanes, and other hazardous weather phenomena tend to rotate, measurement of the radial wind speed as a function of viewing angle will identify rotating weather patterns.  3, record 5, English, - Doppler%20weather%20radar

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Un] radar météorologique à effet Doppler sert à évaluer l'intensité des perturbations et la distance à laquelle celles-ci se trouvent. Il est également capable de mesurer la vitesse et l'orientation du mouvement de ces perturbations.  2, record 5, French, - radar%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique%20Doppler

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In 2016, the Meteorological Service of Canada(MSC) operated a network of 28 Doppler weather radars across Canada. In addition, there were 2 radars owned and operated by the Department of National Defence(DND), and a research radar owned and operated by McGill University which together comprised the 31 sites in the Canadian Weather Radar Network(CWRN).  2, record 6, English, - Canadian%20Weather%20Radar%20Network

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Modern weather radar systems have enhanced performance and the analogue components in both the receiver and transmitter have been replaced by digital components that result in more stable calibrations.  3, record 7, English, - weather%20radar%20system

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The movement of the weather radar antenna is used to continuously monitor the atmosphere...  3, record 8, English, - weather%20radar%20antenna

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Electromagnetic interference is one of the main challenges in weather radar data quality assurance. In Italy, as in most European countries, C-band weather radars are continuously dealing with interferences caused by RLAN [radio local area network] and WLAN [wireless local area network], which share the same frequency band as weather radars.  3, record 9, English, - C%2Dband%20weather%20radar

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un radar météorologique en bande C comporte une antenne parabolique qui émet un faisceau d'ondes électromagnétiques dans la bande de fréquences des 5 GHz [gigahertz]. En se déplaçant dans les plans vertical et horizontal, le radar scrute l'espace environnant. Il a une portée d'environ 100 km. Les ondes émises ont la propriété de se refléter sur les gouttes de pluie, les grêlons et la neige. Leurs échos, qui correspondent à une infime partie de l'onde reçue, sont reçus par le radar qui les analyse grâce à sa grande sensibilité. Le radar en déduit la distance qui le sépare des gouttes et localise ainsi les zones de précipitations.  2, record 9, French, - radar%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique%20en%20bande%20C

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A weather radar designed to detect hydrometeors of precipitation size; used primarily to detect storms with large drops or hailstones as opposed to clouds and light precipitation of small drop size.  4, record 10, English, - storm%20detection%20radar

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Master fishers work in the commercial fishing industry managing a fishing vessel and fishing operations to catch and preserve fish, crustacean and molluscs. They operate radio, radar, sonar and other navigational aids, as well as check and interpret weather patterns. Master fishers assist the crew in sorting, cleaning[, ] preserving, stowing and refrigerating their catch. They may also be responsible for the maintenance of their vessel and fishing equipment, and the management of their crew.  1, record 11, English, - master%20fisher

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A dome, of material transparent to radio energy, used to cover the antenna assembly of a radar to protect it from the weather.  3, record 12, English, - radome

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

radome: designation officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  4, record 12, English, - radome

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dôme, fait de matériaux transparents à l'énergie radioélectrique, utilisé pour protéger des intempéries le dispositif d'antenne d'un radar.  5, record 12, French, - radome

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

radome : désignation uniformisée par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  6, record 12, French, - radome

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cúpula, construida de material transparente a la energía radioeléctrica, utilizada para proteger a la antena del radar contra la intemperie.  2, record 12, Spanish, - radomo

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

radomo: término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  3, record 12, Spanish, - radomo

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

RAREPs provide information on the type, intensity, and location of the echo top of the precipitation.... These reports may also include direction and speed of the area of precipitation, as well as the height and base of the precipitation... RAREPs are especially valuable for preflight planning to help avoid areas of severe weather. However, radar only detects objects in the atmosphere that are large enough to be considered precipitation. Cloud bases and tops, ceilings, and visibility are not detected by radar.  3, record 13, English, - radar%20weather%20report

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Meteorological message] issued by [an official source] about currently occurring or imminent severe or hazardous weather.  3, record 14, English, - weather%20warning

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Examples of weather warnings include tornado warnings, severe thunderstorm warnings, flood and flash flood warnings, special marine warnings, fire weather red flag warnings, and winter storm warnings.  4, record 14, English, - weather%20warning

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

... hazardous weather conditions ... such as dust storm, frost, heavy snowfall, strong wind, etc.  5, record 14, English, - weather%20warning

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Environment Canada is the official source in Canada of watches, warnings and advisories for hazardous weather.  6, record 14, English, - weather%20warning

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 4 OBS

The National Weather Service(NWS) is the official source [in the United States] of watches, warnings and advisories for hazardous weather. [Following is an explanation of] terms used by the NWS... A WARNING is issued when hazardous weather is occurring, is imminent, or has a very high probability of occurring. It is used for conditions that pose a threat to life or property. Warnings are issued based on eyewitness reports, or clear identification from radar and/or satellite. 1) The lead-time for warnings for severe thunderstorm and tornado events is generally 30 minutes or less. 2) Lead-time for hurricanes, river floods, and winter storms can be 6 to 18 hours.  7, record 14, English, - weather%20warning

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 5 OBS

weather warning: term standardized by the Translation Bureau and the Office of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Emergency Preparedness (OCIPEP).  8, record 14, English, - weather%20warning

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 6 OBS

meteorological warning: term officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  8, record 14, English, - weather%20warning

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Message météorologique] émis [par l'autorité compétente] concernant la présence ou l'imminence d'un temps violent ou dangereux.  3, record 14, French, - avertissement%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'avertissement météorologique vous signale la présence d'un temps rigoureux ou la forte probabilité d'un temps dangereux. On peut diffuser moins d'une heure à l'avance des avertissements d'orages violents ou de tornades. On peut diffuser d'autres avertissements météorologiques six à douze heures à l'avance.  4, record 14, French, - avertissement%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Avertissement météorologique [...] Cette procédure d'alerte est adoptée lorsque l'événement météorologique en cause est susceptible d'avoir de graves incidences sur la sécurité des personnes ou la conservation des biens. C'est le cas des avis de tempête diffusés aux marins ou des avis de gel transmis aux agriculteurs. Les moyens de diffusion mis en œuvre peuvent être très divers : télex, radiodiffusion, télévision, répondeurs téléphoniques, télématique (Minitel).  5, record 14, French, - avertissement%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] conditions météorologiques dangereuses [...] telles que tempête de poussière, gel, neige abondante, vent fort, etc.  6, record 14, French, - avertissement%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] Environnement Canada [autorité canadienne pour émettre les avertissements météorologiques.] Notez que les critères des avertissements sont établis en fonction des besoins locaux et régionaux et qu'ils peuvent donc différer un peu suivant la région du Canada.  7, record 14, French, - avertissement%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Les avertissements sont diffusés par les médias, Radiométéo Canada et la Garde côtière. Ils sont publiés en cas de tempêtes de neige, de blizzards, de fortes précipitations, de gels, de vagues de froid, de pluies verglaçantes, d'orages ou de vents violents selon les seuils.  8, record 14, French, - avertissement%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 4 OBS

avis météorologique : le Vocabulaire météorologique international (OMMV) utilise «avis météorologique» comme équivalent de «weather warning» et «message-avis météorologique» comme équivalent de «weather advisory». Environnement Canada utilise plutôt «avertissement météorologique» (weather warning) et «avis météorologique» (weather advisory).  9, record 14, French, - avertissement%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 5 OBS

avertissement météorologique : terme normalisé par le Bureau de la traduction et le Bureau de la protection des infrastructures essentielles et de la protection civile (BPIEPC); terme uniformisé par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  10, record 14, French, - avertissement%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mensaje meteorológico difundido para proporcionar las advertencias apropiadas sobre condiciones meteorológicas peligrosas.  2, record 14, Spanish, - aviso%20meteorol%C3%B3gico

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

aviso meteorológico: término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  3, record 14, Spanish, - aviso%20meteorol%C3%B3gico

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An integral multicolor map display of an airplane's position combined with a color weather radar display, with a scale selected by the pilot, together with information on wind direction and velocity, horizontal situation, and deviation from the planned vertical path.  1, record 15, English, - electronic%20horizontal%2Dsituation%20indicator

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

EHSI: L'EHSI fournit au pilote l'affichage des données de navigation sous forme de cartographie.  1, record 15, French, - indicateur%20de%20situation%20horizontale%20%C3%A9lectronique

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

the area to allot for a waiting aircraft will depend on its size and maneuverability. (...) Holding aircraft should be place outside the bypass route so that the blast (...) will not be directed toward the bypass route.  1, record 16, English, - waiting%20aircraft

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

for "holding aircraft" : When(...) holding aircraft indicate intention to continue their approach-to-land and if alternative procedures involving, for instance, the use of radar are not available. The pilot desiring to hold will be cleared to an adjacent fix for holding awaiting weather change or re-routing.  3, record 16, English, - waiting%20aircraft

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«aéronef en attente» : (...) si (...) [des] aéronefs en attente indiquent leur intention de poursuivre l'approche et si l'on ne dispose pas d'autres procédures impliquant, par exemple, l'emploi du radar, le premier pilote sera autorisé à gagner un point d'attente voisin pour y attendre une amélioration du temps ou un déroutement.  2, record 16, French, - appareil%20en%20attente

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A weather reconnaissance mission flown to provide vital meteorological information in data sparse ocean areas as a supplement to existing surface, radar, and satellite data.  1, record 17, English, - synoptic%20track

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System(AWIPS) is an interactive computer system that integrates all meteorological and hydrological data, and all satellite and radar data.  1, record 18, English, - interactive%20computer%20system

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

synoptic track :Weather reconnaissance mission flown to provide vital meteorological information in data sparse ocean areas as a supplement to existing surface, radar, and satellite data.  1, record 19, English, - surface%20data

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

MSC [Meteorological Service of Canada] researchers have already embarked on the development and piloting of a more sophisticated radar system at the King City installation. This next technological enhancement, called dual polarization, is expected to result in far better detection of high impact weather, such as the discri mination of rain from hail and of the various precipitation types in winter storms, and quantitative precipitation estimates that are more reliable.  2, record 20, English, - high%20impact%20weather

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chercheurs du SMC [Service de météorologie du Canada] ont déjà entrepris l'élaboration et l'essai d'un système radar encore plus avancé aux installations radars de King City. Cette amélioration technologique appelée double polarisation devrait aboutir à un bien meilleur niveau de détection des phénomènes météorologiques de fort impact, permettant de distinguer la pluie de la grêle etde divers autres types de précipitation au sein des tempêtes hivernales, et aussi de produire des estimations quantitatives de précipitations plus fiables.  6, record 20, French, - ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique%20violent

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

RAREP :radar weather report  1, record 21, English, - RAREP%20protractor

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... because the radar module is positioned in a cabin of the vehicle and is protected by the windshield, it is possible to diminish the requirements for the radar apparatus, of weather resistance such as water resistance, dust-proofness, and thermal resistance.  1, record 22, English, - dust%2Dproofness

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La conformité des produits est vérifiée en soumettant le prototype à des tests spécifiques (de réchauffement, de durée, d'imperméabilité à l'eau et à la poussière, etc.).  4, record 22, French, - imperm%C3%A9abilit%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20la%20poussi%C3%A8re

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Essai d'étanchéité aux poussières.  5, record 22, French, - imperm%C3%A9abilit%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20la%20poussi%C3%A8re

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Radar signals bounce off objects in their path, and the radar system detects the echoes of signals that return. Radar can determine a number of properties of a distant object, such as its distance, speed, direction of motion, and shape. Radar can detect objects out of the range of sight and works in all weather conditions, making it a vital and versatile tool for many industries.  2, record 23, English, - radar%20signal

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

radar signal: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  3, record 23, English, - radar%20signal

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Distribution of the radar signal, return radar signal.  3, record 23, English, - radar%20signal

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Radar signal polarization.  3, record 23, English, - radar%20signal

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 PHR

Back-scattered, phased-array radar signal.  3, record 23, English, - radar%20signal

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Impulsion émise [signal de sortie] ou reçue [signal d'entrée], de nature électromagnétique, issue de ou transformée en courant électrique par un capteur actif ou passif.  2, record 23, French, - signal%20radar

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

signal radar : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  3, record 23, French, - signal%20radar

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Polarisation, sensibilité du signal radar.  3, record 23, French, - signal%20radar

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... imaging radar systems are active sensors that "illuminate" surface features with broadcast microwave energy and record a returned signal. Most imaging radar systems produce microwaves with wavelengths between 1 cm and 1 meter, longer than the wavelengths used in weather radar to detect rain and snow. These longer wavelength microwave signals propagate through the atmosphere and clouds with almost no interaction or weakening. As a result imaging radar systems can be used to map surface features day or night and in almost any weather conditions. These characteristics make radar imaging especially useful in tropical and polar regions where persistent cloud cover hampers optical remote sensing efforts.  2, record 24, English, - surface%20feature

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Surface Feature ...: quarries, surface roughness, boulder, fields, rock outcrops, soil type, disturbed soil.  3, record 24, English, - surface%20feature

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

surface feature: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  4, record 24, English, - surface%20feature

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Entité de surface [...] : carrières, rugosité de surface, champs de blocs, affleurements rocheux, type de sol, sol perturbé.  2, record 24, French, - caract%C3%A9ristique%20de%20surface

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

caractéristique de surface : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  3, record 24, French, - caract%C3%A9ristique%20de%20surface

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A microwave range extending from approximately 5.2 to 10.9 GHz.  3, record 25, English, - X%2Dband

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Depending on its purpose, an X band radar may operate either on a fixed frequency or allow an operator to select the operating frequency. X band radar is used for both military and civil applications, including surveillance radar and weather radar.  4, record 25, English, - X%2Dband

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The symbol GHz stands for gigahertz which is a unit of frequency equal to one billion hertz.  5, record 25, English, - X%2Dband

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 3 OBS

X-band: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  5, record 25, English, - X%2Dband

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gamme d'hyperfréquences qui s'étend approximativement de 5,20 à 10,90 gigahertz.  2, record 25, French, - bande%20X

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le gigahertz [GHz] est une unité de fréquence qui équivaut à un milliard de hertz.  3, record 25, French, - bande%20X

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

bande X : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  3, record 25, French, - bande%20X

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Modulateur numérique en bande X.  3, record 25, French, - bande%20X

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In tracking radar, a method of angular tracking in which the direction of the main lobe of the antenna pattern is slightly offset from the axis of the antenna.  2, record 26, English, - conical%20scanning

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In weather radar, the name is sometimes applied to horizontal scanning because the surface swept in space by the beam as the antenna rotates in azimuth with fixed elevation angle, is a cone.  2, record 26, English, - conical%20scanning

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Such scanning may be either rotating or nutating, according as the direction of polarization rotates or remains unchanged.  3, record 26, English, - conical%20scanning

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 3 OBS

conical scanning: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  4, record 26, English, - conical%20scanning

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le balayage est conique lorsque les directions d'observation au cours d'un balayage sont situées sur un cône. On obtient un balayage conique quand l'axe du miroir est vertical dans l'avion ou le satellite et qu'il est en plus perpendiculaire à l'axe optique du détecteur. [Le principal avantage de ce système de balayage] est que la distance entre le capteur et le terrain reste constante, [d'où les] dimensions constantes de la tache élémentaire au sol. Par contre, il génère des images à géométrie particulière parce que les systèmes de restitution et de traitement des images sont en général conçus pour les images obtenues par balayage linéaire.  3, record 26, French, - balayage%20conique

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

balayage conique : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  4, record 26, French, - balayage%20conique

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Radar echoes from the terrain.  3, record 27, English, - ground%20return

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

gound clutter :Radar echoes from tree, buildings, or other objects on the ground. Such echoes may be caused by the reflection of energy back to the radar in the main lobe or sidelobes of the antenna pattern and, in weather radar applications, interfere with the meteorological echoes at the same range.  4, record 27, English, - ground%20return

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ground return: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  5, record 27, English, - ground%20return

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A supercell with "text-book" like features such as a well-defined hook echo on a radar scope and the precipitation core downwind of the wall cloud and rain free storm base.  2, record 28, English, - classic%20supercell

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Supercell [is] a thunderstorm with a persistent rotating updraft. Supercells are rare, but are responsible for a remarkably high percentage of severe weather events-especially tornadoes, extremely large hail and damaging straight-line winds. They frequently travel to the right of the main environmental winds(i. e., they are right movers). Radar characteristics often(but not always) include a hook or pendant, bounded weak echo region(BWER), V-notch, mesocyclone, and sometimes a TVS [Tornado Vortex Signature]. Visual characteristics often include a rain-free base(with or without a wall cloud), tail cloud, flanking line, overshooting top, and back-sheared anvil, all of which normally are observed in or near the right rear or southwest part of the storm. Storms exhibiting these characteristics often are called classic supercells; however HP(High Precipitation) storms and LP(Low Precipitation) storms also are supercell varieties.  3, record 28, English, - classic%20supercell

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The severe version of a worst-last storm is also a supercell type, and is either called a "classic supercell" (the standard supercell type) or an "LP (low-precipitation) supercell" - a dry-weather, high wind shear version. ... The classic supercell has a larger, darker appearance and accounts for most of the major tornado events everywhere.  4, record 28, English, - classic%20supercell

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les orages de queue qui sont violents sont aussi de type supercellulaire; on les appelle des orages supercellulaires classiques ou à faibles précipitations (caractérisés par la présence d'air sec et d'un fort cisaillement du vent). [...] Les orages supercellulaires classiques sont de plus grande étendue et plus sombres; ce sont eux qui produisent la plupart des tornades, quelle que soit la région.  1, record 28, French, - orage%20supercellulaire%20classique

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The integrated safety and surveillance system, called the Aircraft Environment Surveillance System(AESS), provides protection from terrain, traffic and weather. The AESS will incorporate the functions of Honeywell' s Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System(EGPWS), its next-generation Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System(TCAS) combined with Mode-S Transponder capability, and next-generation weather radar system.  3, record 29, English, - aircraft%20environment%20surveillance%20system

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] l'AESS (Aircraft Environment Surveillance System) [a été] mis au point par Honeywell. Ce système de surveillance de l'environnement réunit les indications du radar météo, de l'alerte de proximité de sol EGPWS et du système anticollision TCAS (Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System) avec le transpondeur.  1, record 29, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20surveillance%20de%20l%27environnement%20de%20l%27avion

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Environment Canada developed a Severe Thunderstorm Watch/Warning Program across Canada to ensure the safety and well-being of all Canadians. The purpose of this program is to deliver Severe Thunderstorm and Tornado Watch/Warning Bulletins. These bulletins are designed to provide as much advance warning as possible of hazardous thunderstorm activity and tornadoes. In addition to a continuous surveillance system(e. g., satellite or meteorological radar coverage), the Program relies on weather observations provided by volunteer weather watchers.  1, record 30, English, - Severe%20Thunderstorm%20Watch%2FWarning%20Program

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A frequency band of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to the wavelength range 7. 5-15 cm, often used for weather radar and air traffic control.  2, record 31, English, - S%2Dband

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The electromagnetic spectrum is divided into usable bands in the United States. The S-band corresponds to signals near 2.3 gigahertz.  3, record 31, English, - S%2Dband

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

S-band. Radar Detectors: A frequency band which extends approximately from 2 gigahertz to 4 gigahertz (1 gigahertz = 1 billion hertz, or cycles per second). Satellite: A frequency band which extends approximately from 1700 megahertz to 3000 megahertz (1 megahertz = 1 million hertz, or cycles per second).  4, record 31, English, - S%2Dband

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bande de fréquences du spectre électromagnétique correspondant à des longueurs d'onde de 7,5 à 15 cm et souvent utilisée en météorologie radar et pour le contrôle de la circulation aérienne.  1, record 31, French, - bande%20S

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Banda de frecuencias del espectro electromagnético correspondiente a la longitud de onda de 7,5-15 cm, utilizada a menudo para el radar meteorológico y el control del tráfico áereo.  1, record 31, Spanish, - banda%20S

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cloud column or inverted cloud cone, protruding from a cloud base; it is a cloudy manifestation of a more or less intense vortex.  7, record 32, English, - tuba

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Funnel cloud is a condensation funnel extending from the base of a towering cumulus or Cb [cumulonimbus], associated with a rotating column of air that is not in contact with the ground (and hence different from a tornado). A condensation funnel is a tornado, not a funnel cloud, if either a) it is in contact with the ground or b) a debris cloud or dust whirl is visible beneath it.  8, record 32, English, - tuba

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The tornado and severe weather associated storm produce a recognizable radar echo structural organization resulting from an intense moist updraft. Some of these considerations are :... A low-level pendant exists generally perpendicular to the storm motion and beneath the echo overhang, or a bounded weak echo region(BWER) exists. This pendant may be absent in low precipitation supercells.  6, record 32, English, - tuba

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This supplementary cloud feature occurs with Cumulonimbus and, less often, with Cumulus.  7, record 32, English, - tuba

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tuba: ... when it reaches the earth’s surface it constitutes the cloudy manifestation of an intense vortex, namely, a tornado or waterspout.  7, record 32, English, - tuba

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 3 OBS

tuba: Obsolete; commonly called funnel cloud; also called pendant cloud, tornado cloud.  5, record 32, English, - tuba

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Some sources consider "tuba" and "funnel cloud" as synonyms, however in the International meteorological vocabulary [OMMV] these terms have separate entries.  9, record 32, English, - tuba

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Compare with "funnel column".  10, record 32, English, - tuba

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Colonne nuageuse ou cône nuageux renversé en forme d'entonnoir, sortant de la base d'un nuage; c'est une manifestation nuageuse d'un tourbillon de vent plus ou moins intense.  3, record 32, French, - tuba

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe plusieurs variantes de tornades. Toutefois, on observe habituellement cinq étapes : la mise en place : une colonne d'air en rotation se développe au sein d'un cumulonimbus, puis se dirige vers le sol. Un nuage en forme d'entonnoir (le tuba) descend en tourbillonnant vers le sol; la naissance : en atteignant le sol, la colonne devient, par définition, une tornade [...]  4, record 32, French, - tuba

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[Le] tuba [est une] colonne ou cône nuageux en rotation rapide qui se développe de la base du nuage vers la surface, c'est la partie visible d'une tornade ou d'une trombe.  5, record 32, French, - tuba

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tuba [...] Cette particularité supplémentaire se présente avec les cumulonimbus et, plus rarement, avec les cumulus.  3, record 32, French, - tuba

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nube con una forma de columna o de cono invertido que emerge de la base de una nube; constituye la manifestación en forma de nube de un vórtice más o menos intenso.  1, record 32, Spanish, - tuba

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Esta particularidad suplementaria se observa en los Cumulonimbus y, con menor frecuencia, en los Cumulus.  1, record 32, Spanish, - tuba

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Report of ground radar weather observation.  2, record 33, English, - RADOB

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

RADOB: These encoded reports and transmitted reports usually give azimuth, distance, altitude, intensity, shape, movement, and other characteristics of precipitation echoes observed by the radar.  3, record 33, English, - RADOB

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Message d'observation météorologique effectué par radar au sol.  2, record 33, French, - RADOB

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mensaje de observación meteorológica efectuada con radar en el suelo.  2, record 33, Spanish, - RADOB

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Detection and analysis, by means of radar, of meteorological phenomena which produce a radar echo (precipitation, snow, storms, etc.).  3, record 34, English, - radar%20detection

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Radar detection of precipitation is increasingly used for weather reporting and forecasting. In the USA, a network of dedicated radars is used for this purpose.  1, record 34, English, - radar%20detection

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 PHR

radar detection of clouds, low-altitude weather phenomena, macrobursts, microbursts, precipitation, severe storms, smaller-scale, snow, storm, tornado vortices, weather.  3, record 34, English, - radar%20detection

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Détection et analyse, au moyen d'un radar, des phénomènes météorologiques fournissant un écho radioélectrique (régions de précipitations du type averse).  3, record 34, French, - d%C3%A9tection%20par%20radar

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Les] cinq articles [...] reposent sur l'observation radar du champ de précipitation. Les deux premières contributions touchent à la détection par radar d'événements précipitants fortement atténuants pour une liaison radioélectrique, pour lesquels il n'existe à ce jour aucun critère d'identification : les orages supercellulaires et les orages grêlifères.  1, record 34, French, - d%C3%A9tection%20par%20radar

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Study of the climatology of weather radar echoes.  2, record 35, English, - radar%20climatology

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étude de la climatologie des échos observés par un radar météorologique.  1, record 35, French, - climatologie%20radar

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estudio de la climatología de los ecos observados por un radar meteorológico.  1, record 35, Spanish, - climatolog%C3%ADa%20mediante%20radar

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Evaluation of the echoes appearing on the radar screen in terms of orientation, coverage, intensity, tendency of intensity, height, movement and unique characteristics that may be indicative of certain types of weather, including severe storms [such as hurricanes, tornadoes, or thunderstorms] and anomalous propagation.  4, record 36, English, - radar%20meteorological%20observation

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Such an observation is commonly abbreviated ROB (for radar observation).  3, record 36, English, - radar%20meteorological%20observation

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Évaluation des échos qui apparaissent sur l'écran radar quant à leur orientation, étendue, intensité, tendance de l'intensité, altitude, mouvement et caractéristiques spéciales qui peuvent indiquer certains types de conditions météorologiques, dont des tempêtes et une propagation anormale.  2, record 36, French, - observation%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique%20par%20radar

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Evaluación de los ecos que aparecen en la pantalla de radar en términos de orientación, cobertura, intensidad, tendencia de la intensidad, altitud, movimiento y características especiales que pueden indicar ciertos tipos de condiciones meteorológicas, que incluyen las tormentas fuertes y la propagación anormal.  1, record 36, Spanish, - observaci%C3%B3n%20meteorol%C3%B3gica%20con%20radar

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The cathode ray tube indicator in a radar set which displays the received signal.  5, record 37, English, - radar%20scope

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In her deposition, Ms. O’Bryan testified that ordinarily when she released an aircraft from the Augusta Airport she would watch her radar screen until the aircraft got high enough to establish radar contact. ... [then] if the aircraft had reached high enough to establish radar contact and had then descended below radar contact, the aircraft’s call sign would have moved to a "suspense list" on her radar scope, but she said this did not happen.  6, record 37, English, - radar%20scope

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

When using radar it is important to examine all the storms on the radarscope. ... When the radarscope has several storms, it can be very difficult to determine which one will be the "storm of the day".  7, record 37, English, - radar%20scope

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Weather Watch radars detect rain and hail and estimate their intensity from the strength of the echoes. The radar screen typically shows rain location on a map overlay-in effect, looking down on a storm-and presents various rain intensities in different colours.  8, record 37, English, - radar%20scope

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

radar screen; radar scope: terms officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  9, record 37, English, - radar%20scope

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tube cathodique qui affiche les échos reçus par un radar.  2, record 37, French, - %C3%A9cran%20radar

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le radar météorologique canadien est maintenant facilement accessible, [...] mais la présence de couleurs dans une partie de l'écran radar ne signifie pas qu'il pleuve, ni qu'il neige. Par la même occasion, le simple fait que les échos paraissent faibles ou soient invisibles ne signifie pas qu'un lieu donné ne reçoive pas une importante chute de pluie ou de neige.  3, record 37, French, - %C3%A9cran%20radar

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

écran radar : terme uniformisé par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  4, record 37, French, - %C3%A9cran%20radar

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tubo catódico de un equipo de radar que presenta las señales recibidas.  2, record 37, Spanish, - pantalla%20de%20radar

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pantalla de radar: término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  3, record 37, Spanish, - pantalla%20de%20radar

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Other devices from the lab-automatic tracking radar for the antiaircraft gunners defending London; blind bombing radar that enabled the Allies to bomb in any weather; a microwave early warning system that could detect enemy planes over 100 miles away; and LORAN, a long range navigation system-also played important roles in the Allied victory.  1, record 38, English, - blind%20bombing%20radar

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans certaines variantes, des armes de plus gros calibre furent aussi installées, et la tourelle ventrale fût très souvent déposée pour permettre l'installation de matériel électronique comme le radar H2S pour le bombardement sans visibilité.  1, record 38, French, - radar%20pour%20bombardement%20sans%20visibilit%C3%A9

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

LANTIRN consists of a navigation pod and a targeting pod integrated and mounted externally beneath the aircraft. The AN/AAQ-13 navigation pod provides high-speed penetration and precision attack on tactical targets at night and in adverse weather. The naviation pod also contains a terrain-following radar and a fixed infrared sensor, which provides a visual cue and input to the aircraft's flight control system, enabling it to maintain a preselected altitude above the terrain and avoid obstacles. This sensor displays an infrared image of the terrain in front of the aircraft, to the pilot, on a head-up display. The navigation pod enables the pilot to fly along the general contour of the terrain at high speed, using mountains, valleys and the cover of darkness to avoid detection.  2, record 39, English, - navigation%20pod

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The attitude heading reference system provides attitude gyro, directional gyro(compass) and 3-axis rate/accelerometer data to the following aeroplane systems in EFIS [electronic flight instrument system] equipped aircraft : Primary flight and multi-function displays; Weather radar system; Automatic Flight Control System; Ground Proximity Warning System; Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System; Stall Protection System; Fuel System; Flight Data Recorder; Body Rates and Linear Acceleration Data to the flight control system.  13, record 40, English, - attitude%20and%20heading%20reference%20system

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Crossbow [TM] Technology, Inc. ... introduced its new AHRS500GA solid-state attitude and heading reference system for general aviation ... Crossbow’s AHRS500GA is a strap-down subsystem that delivers heading measurements with dynamic accuracy of +/- 2.0 and static accuracy of +/- 1.5. Attitude accuracy is less than +/- 0.5 degrees (static) and +/- 2.0 degrees (dynamic). Range is +/- 180 degrees. The system features the industry’s highest performing sensors, including advanced MEMs accelerometers and rate gyros that provide much higher reliability than traditional spinning mass gyros.  14, record 40, English, - attitude%20and%20heading%20reference%20system

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

heading and attitude reference system; HARS: term and abbreviation officialized by the Aeronautical Terminology Standardization Committee (ATSC) - Helicopters.  15, record 40, English, - attitude%20and%20heading%20reference%20system

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une centrale moderne d'attitude et de cap [...] ressemble beaucoup à une centrale inertielle de navigation qui ne fournirait que les assiettes et le cap, et dont les gyroscopes et les accéléromètres seraient de performances modestes : 1 à 10 degrés par heure pour les gyroscopes et quelques millièmes de la pesanteur pour les accéléromètres. La centrale d'attitude et de cap peut être à cardans ou à composants liés [...] et utiliser des gyroscopes mécaniques ou des gyrolasers.  2, record 40, French, - centrale%20d%27attitude%20et%20de%20cap

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

centrale de cap et de verticale; AHRS : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.  9, record 40, French, - centrale%20d%27attitude%20et%20de%20cap

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 OBS

centrale de cap et d'attitude : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Hélicoptères.  10, record 40, French, - centrale%20d%27attitude%20et%20de%20cap

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Spain is involved in the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and the World Climate Research Programme as well as the EC Global Change Research Network.... In 1997 the synoptic observation network have 89 surface stations, 7 upper air stations, 238 automatic weather stations and 13 weather radar, mostly located along the coastline.  2, record 41, English, - synoptic%20network

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Databases such as these are vital complements to the synoptic observing network for evaluating regional-scale models.  3, record 41, English, - synoptic%20network

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les réseaux d'observation qualifiés de synoptiques sont gérés par les services météorologiques nationaux et assurent une veille permanente du temps, permettant l'analyse à grande échelle des principaux flux atmosphériques et des grands systèmes météorologiques (fronts, perturbations, anticyclones, par exemple). Les méthodes et procédures appliquées dans ces réseaux sont harmonisées sur le plan international sous l'égide de l'Organisation Météorologique Mondiale. L'ensemble de tous ces réseaux synoptiques associés constitue le système mondial d'observation.  2, record 41, French, - r%C3%A9seau%20d%27observation%20synoptique

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le réseau d'observations synoptiques. La finalité principale de ce réseau est de décrire le plus précisément possible l'état de l'atmosphère, en un instant donné, à la fois en surface (observations réalisées immédiatement au-dessus du sol) et en altitude (radiosondages), d'où la dénomination d'observations synoptiques. En effet, il s'agit non seulement de décrire le temps à cet instant, mais également d'«initialiser» les modèles de prévision numérique qui visent à simuler, à partir d'un état initial connu, l'évolution dynamique de l'atmosphère. Aussi toutes les stations d'observations synoptiques sont-elles tenues de respecter un horaire commun pour les mesures de surface effectuées toutes les trois heures. Ce réseau doit également, pour remplir correctement les missions qui lui sont dévolues, couvrir l'ensemble de la surface terrestre. [...] Toutes les informations collectées sont [...] codées pour être immédiatement diffusées et échangées internationalement par l'intermédiaire du système mondial de télécommunications. Certaines zones du globe sont malheureusement mal couvertes, notamment les zones désertiques et océaniques.  3, record 41, French, - r%C3%A9seau%20d%27observation%20synoptique

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A variety of routine observations are utilized in operational analyses for numerical weather prediction ... Adaptive strategies have also been tested and demonstrated to be feasible during FASTEX and NORPEX98, using dropsoundings from research aircraft.  1, record 42, English, - dropsounding

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In advance of the scientific research on the numerical modeling study, it is absolutely necessary to check the model output first. For the mesoscale modeling, the observational data with high temporal and spatial resolution are needed to check the model output besides the conventional data, which can be got from such as satellite, radar, aircraft, drop-sounding, wind profilers and automated meso-net weather stations etc.  2, record 42, English, - dropsounding

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dropsonde: a radiosonde dropped from an aircraft to measure weather conditions during its descent.  3, record 42, English, - dropsounding

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un procédé comparable est celui du catasondage qui consiste à larguer d'un aéronef un système analogue à la radiosonde mais qui tombe en chute libre et dont la vitesse est stabilisée et régularisée par diverses méthodes. Les mesures de la catasonde, également diffusées par un émetteur radioélectrique, sont recueillies par l'aéronef qui l'a larguée. C'est en utilisant de tels dispositifs que sont prospectées certaines perturbations particulièrement actives tels que les cyclones tropicaux.  1, record 42, French, - catasondage

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La zone la plus à l'Est [de l'Atlantique] a été appelée la «Multiscale Sampling Area» (MSA). C'est dans cette région que les cyclones, alors en phase mature, et les systèmes nuageux associés ont été échantillonnés à différentes échelles. Ces échantillonnages ont été rendus possible par un renforcement des moyens instrumentaux avec notamment deux radars Doppler double faisceau aéroportés en bande X (sur le NOAA-P3 et le NCAR Electra [...] et des dropsondages effectués avec une haute résolution (largués du UK-C130). D'autre part ces avions étaient équipés de capteurs in-situ (microphysique et dynamique) et d'un radar ventral en bande C (pour le NOAA-P3).  2, record 42, French, - catasondage

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

SIMAR is a joint project between the Weather Service, the Water Research Commission and the University of Natal to develop an integrated rainfall mapping system for South Africa. Accurate and reliable rainfall fields are crucial for many socio-economic activities in South Africa. The basis of the mapping system is the optimal integration of remotely sensed rainfall from weather radar and meteorological satellites with surface rainfall measurements.  2, record 43, English, - rainfall%20mapping

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Reviewing weather data before a chase usually consists of studying surface and upper-air patterns for sources of energy, instability, moisture, lift, and shear that are favorable to severe weather. Other tools such as close-up satellite photos and radar images are also used for further insight into the weather situation.  2, record 44, English, - meteorological%20situation

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La consultation en ligne des diverses prévisions à l'aviation est utile pour se familiariser avec la situation météorologique du jour mais ne peut en aucun cas remplacer un briefing avec un spécialiste en information de vol.  3, record 44, French, - situation%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En 1999, la pauta meteorológica fue irregular. Tras un comienzo lento de la campaña, las precipitaciones recibidas en las fases importantes del desarrollo del maíz (de mayo a julio) fueron inferiores a lo normal, lo cual afectó gravemente a los rendimientos.  3, record 44, Spanish, - pauta%20meteorol%C3%B3gica

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Las características meteorológicas específicas del litoral mediterráneo español conducen a lluvias extraordinarias con una gran desproporción entre los caudales ordinarios y extraordinarios de cauces que hace que el problema de las inundaciones revista una especial gravedad en la Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar, especialmente en territorio de la Comunidad Valenciana.  4, record 44, Spanish, - pauta%20meteorol%C3%B3gica

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Next Generation Weather Radar system(NEXRAD) comprises approximately 160 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler(WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and selected overseas locations. This system is a joint effort of the United States Departments of Commerce(DOC), Defense(DOD), and Transportation(DOT). The controlling agencies are the National Weather Service(NWS), Air Weather Service(AWS) and Federal Aviation Administration(FAA), respectively. Level II data are the three meteorological base data quantities : reflectivity, mean radial velocity, and spectrum width. From these quantities, computer processing generates numerous meteorological analysis products known as Level III data. Level II data are recorded at all NWS and most AWS and FAA WSR-88D sites. Level III products are recorded at the 120 NWS sites. The data are sent to the National Climatic Data Center(NCDC) for archiving and dissemination.  3, record 45, English, - next%2Dgeneration%20weather%20radar%20system

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Maritime Patrol Radar. The EL/M-2022A is an advanced, multimode maritime surveillance radar family, designed for fixed wing or rotary wing airborne platforms. The radar's main missions are maritime surveillance, sea traffic control and EEZ control. The radar's main features are : Long range surveillance [;] High resolution surveillance [;] Navigation and weather surveillance [;] Maritime Airborne Moving Targets Indication(MTI) [;] Wide Area Doppler Beam Sharpening(DBS) [;] Classification features [;] Multi-Target Track While Scan(TWS) [;] Imaging capabilities.  2, record 46, English, - maritime%20patrol%20radar

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Open Master airborne maritime patrol radar.  3, record 46, English, - maritime%20patrol%20radar

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les radars de patrouille maritime [...] (sont des) radars de détection et de poursuite de cibles maritimes [...] montés sur des avions ou des hélicoptères, dont la mission est de détecter [...] des cibles allant du navire de grandes dimensions au simple périscope de sous-marins [...]  1, record 46, French, - radar%20de%20patrouille%20maritime

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Use of radar for making weather observations and forecasts.  2, record 47, English, - radar%20meteorology

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Utilisation du radar pour l'observation et la prévision météorologiques.  3, record 47, French, - radarm%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Uso del radar en la observación y la predicción meteorológicas.  1, record 47, Spanish, - meteorolog%C3%ADa%20mediante%20radar

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The tornado and severe weather associated storm produce a recognizable radar echo structural organization resulting from an intense moist updraft. Some of these considerations are :... A low-level pendant exists generally perpendicular to the storm motion and beneath the echo overhang, or a bounded weak echo region(BWER) exists. This pendant may be absent in low precipitation supercells.  2, record 48, English, - low%2Dlevel%20tuba

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"tuba": Cloud column or inverted cloud cone, protruding from a cloud base; it is a cloudy manifestation of a more or less intense vortex. This supplementary cloud feature occurs with Cumulonimbus and, less often, with Cumulus.  3, record 48, English, - low%2Dlevel%20tuba

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See also "funnel cloud", "funnel column" and "low-level cloud".  1, record 48, English, - low%2Dlevel%20tuba

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«tuba» : colonne ou cône nuageux en rotation rapide qui se développe de la base du nuage vers la surface, c'est la partie visible d'une tornade ou d'une trombe.  2, record 48, French, - tuba%20de%20basse%20altitude

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 OBS

«tuba» : Colonne nuageuse ou cône nuageux renversé en forme d'entonnoir, sortant de la base d'un nuage; c'est une manifestation nuageuse d'un tourbillon de vent plus ou moins intense. Cette particularité supplémentaire se présente avec les Cumulonimbus et, plus rarement, avec les Cumulus.  3, record 48, French, - tuba%20de%20basse%20altitude

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The F-15, the most capable air force fighter in the world, will be improved with an advanced long-range AN/APG-63 radar with SAR(synthetic array radar) modifications. With SAR the F-15 Strike Eagle becomes an even more capable weapons system which can fly attack missions against ground targets in all weather, such as the notoriously inclement weather of Europe. Using SAR to analyze radar signals reflected from the ground--at distances of over a hundred kilometers--the system can display extremely high resolution images, discerning objects and features down to 10 feet in size.  3, record 49, English, - synthetic%20array%20radar

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The new radar system being built for Canada by Raytheon. Features include the following : Tracked Target Data(combined secondary, non-reinforced secondary, primary) ;RSE track identification numbers, heading, speed, track quality assessment; weather Data(start and top of image, image data messages, two intensity levels).  1, record 50, English, - radar%20site%20equipment

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A doppler weather radar designed to provide the air-traffic controller with information about local and national weather not available from the ASR or ARSR.  1, record 51, English, - next%20generation%20radar