TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A region of west-central Texas which is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east, the Llano Uplift and the Llano Estacado to the north, and the Pecos River and Chihuahuan Desert to the west.  2, record 1, English, - Edwards%20Plateau

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Edwards Plateau is hot in the summer, with highs near 100 degrees Fahrenheit, and cool in the winter, with lows near 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Rapid swings in temperature are common, and the temperature can drop 50 degrees in a day. In general the western part of the plateau is colder than the eastern part.  3, record 1, English, - Edwards%20Plateau

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Région du centre-ouest du Texas, aux États-Unis, bordée par la faille de Balcones au sud et à l'est, par le soulèvement de Llano et les plaines au nord, par la Pecos à l'ouest.  2, record 1, French, - plateau%20d%27Edwards

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Géologiquement, il se compose de calcaire et se rattache aux Grandes Plaines. La région n'est pas favorable à l'agriculture à cause des sols mais se consacre à l'élevage ovin. Plusieurs cours d'eau parcourent le plateau et coulent généralement vers le golfe du Mexique.  3, record 1, French, - plateau%20d%27Edwards

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La región de la meseta Edwards comprende un área del centro de Texas comúnmente conocida como Texas Hill Country.  1, record 1, Spanish, - meseta%20Edwards

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Summer tires are ideal for high-performance vehicles, and are built for speed and agility. They offer increased responsiveness, cornering, and braking capabilities. ... The tread patterns of summer tires have less grooving and put more rubber in contact with the road.  3, record 2, English, - summer%20tire

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Temperature is everything when it comes to winter tires. At temperatures of 7 °C or lower, winter tires outperform all-season and conventional summer tires, where these tires start to harden and lose traction.  4, record 2, English, - summer%20tire

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dès que le mercure descend en dessous de 7 °C ou qu'il y a présence de glace ou de neige sur la route, la gomme des pneus d'été ou quatre-saisons devient dure et peu adhérente. De plus, la structure des rainures des pneus d'été ou quatre-saisons n’est pas conçue pour retenir la neige comme celle des pneus d'hiver.  5, record 2, French, - pneu%20d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los neumáticos de verano están diseñados para emplearse durante los meses más cálidos, con temperaturas que alcanzan los 40 °C en períodos ocasionales o incluso prolongados, o durante todo el año en lugares sin clima invernal.  2, record 2, Spanish, - neum%C3%A1tico%20de%20verano

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This general warming trend manifests itself in Saskatchewan in the following ways. Saskatchewan's average winter minimum temperature has increased to-16 degrees Celsius today from-22 degrees Celsius in 1965, which is a net increase of 6 degrees Celsius. In 2020, the province's average frost-free growing season was 140 days – an increase of 36 days from a 106-day average recorded in the mid-1960s.  1, record 3, English, - average%20frost%2Dfree%20growing%20season

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le poivron et la tomate sont des plantes de climat chaud sensibles au gel. Pour les abris froids, il est essentiel d’avoir une idée des dates représentant des risques de gel printanier et automnal par localité. Ainsi, il sera possible d’estimer la durée de la saison de croissance sans gel afin d’évaluer lequel, d’une serre chauffée ou d’un abri froid, est davantage approprié au site. Il faudra prendre en considération le fait qu’un abri non chauffé offre une protection maximale d’environ 1 °C contre les gelées nocturnes.  1, record 3, French, - dur%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20saison%20de%20croissance%20sans%20gel

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Horizontal temperature advection plays an especially prominent role in affecting winter climate over continental interiors, where both climatological conditions and extreme weather are strongly regulated by transport of remote air masses.  1, record 4, English, - horizontal%20temperature%20advection

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The diurnal cycle over land is driven by solar heating in the daytime, and longwave cooling at night. In summer, the maximum temperature decreases with increasing cloud cover, because clouds reflect sunlight. In winter, the minimum temperature falls steeply under clear skies, because clouds reduce the longwave cooling to space.  1, record 5, English, - diurnal%20cycle

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

mild temperature, mild weather, mild winter  2, record 6, English, - mild

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui est doux en parlant du temps qu'il fait.  2, record 6, French, - cl%C3%A9ment

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

hiver clément, température clémente, temps clément  2, record 6, French, - cl%C3%A9ment

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Length of winter can be defined as the number of days with temperatures below zero.... However, there is a definition problem when, for example, November has sub-zero temperature, January and February have above zero temperatures and March, below zero temperatures.  2, record 7, English, - below%20zero%20temperature

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En effet, les jeunes feuilles, lorsqu'elles sont exposées à des températures en dessous de zéro, même modérément de l'ordre de -2 à -3 °C, deviennent nécrosées et doivent être remplacées par l'arbre, car il doit créer une nouvelle cohorte de feuilles au printemps pour pouvoir faire la photosynthèse.  2, record 7, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20au%2Ddessous%20de%20z%C3%A9ro

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A winter cluster is composed of all the bees in the colony huddled as closely together as necessary to maintain the required temperature [during wintering. ]  1, record 8, English, - winter%20cluster

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les abeilles peuvent, par exemple, former une grappe d'hivernage pour maintenir une certaine température dans la ruche durant les périodes de froid.  1, record 8, French, - grappe%20d%27hivernage

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A water mass formed by deep winter convection at the coast of Antarctica, particularly in the Weddell and Ross Seas but also at other shelf locations.  3, record 9, English, - Antarctic%20bottom%20water

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The waters of the Atlantic Ocean, on the other hand, in the immediate vicinity of the Antarctic continent, especially around the Weddell Sea, reach extremely low temperatures particularly during winter. This low temperature, coupled with high salinity resulting from ice formation, causes the water mass to sink and flow along the ocean floor in a direction toward the equator. This water mass... is called Antarctic bottom water...  4, record 9, English, - Antarctic%20bottom%20water

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pendant l'hiver austral, au contraire, l'eau littorale antarctique est à une température aussi basse que possible, et elle est plus salée qu'en été, car la congélation de la banquise expulse du sel. Dense, elle plonge alors le long de l'escarpement continental, et va former sur le fond la masse dite eau antarctique de fond, que sa forte densité va faire s'insinuer sous toutes les autres masses d'eau océaniques, et se répandre, au prix d'altérations successives de ses caractères initiaux, jusqu'au-delà de l'équateur.  1, record 9, French, - eau%20antarctique%20de%20fond

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Reproducido del "Titles, Names and Acronyms related to the activities of the International Oceanographic Commission of Unesco", con la autorización de Unesco.  1, record 9, Spanish, - agua%20de%20fondo%20del%20Ant%C3%A1rtico

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aircrew shall wear winter flying jackets [when the outside air temperature] is-10 °C or colder...  3, record 10, English, - winter%20flying%20jacket

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le personnel navigant doit porter le blouson de vol d'hiver lorsque la température extérieure est de -10 °C ou moins [...]  2, record 10, French, - blouson%20de%20vol%20d%27hiver

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mushroom of the family Cortinariaceae.  3, record 11, English, - deadly%20galerina

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Its scientific name, "Galerina autumnalis", means "small autumn cap, "which suits it moreover very well. You can recognize this Galerina by the orangy-brown tones of its cap, of the gills and of its stalk, and by its rusty-brown spores, its small size, and its growth habit in groups on rotten wood. The stalk reveals a delicate ring or an annulus-like zone.... As its name indicates, this Galerina is typically autumnal. You find it during cool, wet weather, especially in October. But it can grow even in winter, when the temperature stays above freezing for a while.  4, record 11, English, - deadly%20galerina

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Deadly mushroom.  3, record 11, English, - deadly%20galerina

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Champignon de la famille des Cortinariaceae.  2, record 11, French, - gal%C3%A9rine%20automnale

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Son nom scientifique, «Galerina autumnalis», signifie «petit bonnet automnal», ce qui lui convient d'ailleurs très bien. On reconnaît cette galérine par les tons brun orangé de son chapeau, de ses lames et de son pied, par sa sporée brune, et par sa petite taille et son habitat en groupes sur le bois pourri. Le pied présente un anneau délicat ou une zone annuliforme. [...] Comme son nom l'indique, cette galérine est typiquement automnale. On la retrouve par temps frais et pluvieux, surtout en octobre. Mais elle peut croître même en hiver, lorsque la température reste au-dessus du point de congélation.  3, record 11, French, - gal%C3%A9rine%20automnale

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Champignon mortel.  2, record 11, French, - gal%C3%A9rine%20automnale

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The total heat loss from a house per hour(typically measured in kilowatts(kW) or [British thermal unit] per hour(BTUH)) when the outside temperature is at the winter outdoor design temperature and the indoor temperature is at the winter indoor design temperature.  1, record 12, English, - design%20heat%20loss

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Design heat loss factors in conduction heat losses through walls, ceilings, foundations, windows and doors as well as heat lost through air leakage and ventilation. It does not include solar or internal gains. The design heat loss of a house is to size its space heating system.  1, record 12, English, - design%20heat%20loss

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chaleur totale que perd une habitation par heure (habituellement mesurée en [kilowatt (kW)] ou en [unité thermique britannique (Btu)] par heure) lorsque la température extérieure a atteint la température extérieure de calcul hivernale et que la température intérieure se trouve à la température intérieure de calcul hivernale.  1, record 12, French, - perte%20de%20chaleur%20de%20calcul

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le calcul de la déperdition de chaleur tient compte des pertes thermiques par conduction qui se produisent à travers les murs, les plafonds, les fondations, les fenêtres et les portes, ainsi que de la chaleur perdue en raison des fuites d’air et de la ventilation. Elle ne tient pas compte des gains solaires ou internes. Cette donnée est utilisée pour déterminer la puissance de l’appareil de chauffage d’une habitation.  1, record 12, French, - perte%20de%20chaleur%20de%20calcul

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The planetary-scale cyclonic circulation, centered generally in the polar regions, extending from the middle troposphere to the stratosphere.  5, record 13, English, - polar%20vortex

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The westerly airflow is largely a manifestation of the thermal wind above the polar frontal zone of middle and subpolar latitudes. The vortex is strongest in winter when the pole-to-equator temperature gradient is strongest. In the Northern Hemisphere, the vortex has two centers in the mean, one near Baffin Island and the other over northeast Siberia.  5, record 13, English, - polar%20vortex

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tourbillon créé en haute troposphère, au-dessus de chacun des pôles géographiques, par la circulation cyclonique des vents d'ouest.  2, record 13, French, - tourbillon%20circumpolaire

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le phénomène du trou d'ozone est renforcé par l'existence de ce que l'on nomme le vortex polaire, un modèle de circulation particulier à la stratosphère au-dessus du pôle sud au cours de l'hiver austral et qui isole cette région de son environnement [...]  4, record 13, French, - tourbillon%20circumpolaire

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le tourbillon circumpolaire isole la couche d'ozone polaire des masses d'air environnantes, plus riches en ozone.  2, record 13, French, - tourbillon%20circumpolaire

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Dans les textes techniques récents, probablement sous l'influence de l'anglais, c'est le terme «vortex polaire» qu'on emploie généralement.  2, record 13, French, - tourbillon%20circumpolaire

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Zona semi aislada de circulación ciclónica constituida cada invierno en la estratosfera polar.  3, record 13, Spanish, - v%C3%B3rtice%20polar

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El vórtice polar austral es más fuerte que el septentrional. El vórtice aumenta el agotamiento del ozono al retener aire muy frío que contiene aerosoles y en el cual pueden tener lugar las reacciones de destrucción del ozono.  3, record 13, Spanish, - v%C3%B3rtice%20polar

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Al fenómeno que azota EE.UU. [Estados Unidos] se lo denomina “vórtice polar”. Es un sistema de baja presión profunda que se extiende a los niveles superiores de la atmósfera y hace descender masas heladas de aire que, por lo general, circulan alrededor del Círculo Polar Ártico.  4, record 13, Spanish, - v%C3%B3rtice%20polar

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The nordekker completely eliminates the use of sheets, heavy blankets, comforters, electric blankets and bed-spreads. It is a single bedcovering that softly nestles the body, allowing uninterrupted sleep all night long at just the right temperature, winter or summer.  2, record 14, English, - nordekker

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Couverture de lit à la scandinave.  1, record 14, French, - nordekker

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Earth tubes, also called earth-to-air heat exchangers(EAHX), ground-coupled heat exchangers, or earth channels, are long plastic or concrete pipes that are laid underground and are connected to the air intake of buildings. Their purpose is to make use of the fairly constant temperature of the ground to provide some preconditioning of the ventilation air – either pre-heating in the winter or pre-cooling in the summer.  1, record 15, English, - earth%2Dto%2Dair%20heat%20exchanger

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le puits canadien consiste à faire passer, avant qu'il ne pénètre dans la maison, une partie de l'air neuf de renouvellement par des tuyaux enterrés dans le sol, à une profondeur de l'ordre de 1 à 2 mètres. En hiver, le sol à cette profondeur est plus chaud que la température extérieure : l'air froid est donc préchauffé lors de son passage dans les tuyaux. Avec ce système, l'air aspiré par la VMC [ventilation mécanique contrôlée] ne sera pas prélevé directement de l'extérieur (via les bouches d'aération des fenêtres), d'où une économie de chauffage. En été, le sol est à l'inverse plus froid que la température extérieure : ce «puits» astucieux va donc utiliser la fraîcheur relative du sol pour tempérer l'air entrant dans le logement.  4, record 15, French, - puits%20canadien

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A disease of beef cows with large energy requirements, e.g. during very cold weather or when fed poor quality roughage with low energy content and poor digestibility. The abomasum impacts with dry roughage and the abdomen distends on the right; clinical signs are scant feces and emaciation.  3, record 16, English, - abomasal%20impaction

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Abomasal impaction. Impaction of the abomasum develops in pregnant beef cows during cold winter months when cattle have decreased water intake and are fed poor-quality roughage. It also has been seen in feedlot cattle fed a variety of mixed rations containing chopped or ground roughage(straw, hay) and cereal grains and in late-pregnancy dairy cows on similar feeds. Complete anorexia, scant feces, moderate distention of the abdomen, weight loss, and weakness are usually the initial signs. Body temperature is usually normal but may be subnormal during cold weather. A mucoid nasal discharge tends to collect at the external nares and on the muzzle; the muzzle is usually dry and cracked due to the failure of the animal to lick its nostrils and to the effects of dehydration. The heart rate may be increased, and mild dehydration is common.  2, record 16, English, - abomasal%20impaction

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estado de sobrecarga en el cual dicha víscera [abomaso] se encuentra distendida por presentar en su interior cantidades anormalmente elevadas de material alimenticio, el cual suele ser de consistencia fibrosa y seca. Esto conlleva a un estado obstructivo subagudo a crónico, impidiendo que el paso del contenido pre-estomacal al intestino delgado ocurra en forma normal [...] se caracteriza por anorexia, constipación, distensión y dolor abdominal, enflaquecimiento progresivo con pérdida del estado general, deshidratación, debilidad y muerte.  1, record 16, Spanish, - impactaci%C3%B3n%20del%20abomaso

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En los bovinos es más frecuente en hembras preñadas durante el último tercio de la gestación. Las causas que pueden desencadenar la impactación del abomaso son múltiples, y se agrupan en primarias o secundarias. Se consideran primarias cuando la impactación ocurre como consecuencia de las características de la dieta que los animales consumen.  1, record 16, Spanish, - impactaci%C3%B3n%20del%20abomaso

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the normalized winter pressure differential between the Icelandic Low and the Azores High centers of action.  3, record 17, English, - North%20Atlantic%20oscillation

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Originally described in the diaries of the missionary Hans Egede Saabye as a see-saw in temperature between Greenland and Denmark(Saabye, 1942), the NAO was later defined by Sir Gilbert Walker as "the tendency for pressure to be low near Iceland in winter when it is high near the Azores and south-west Europe"(Walker, 1924; Walker and Bliss, 1932). Accounting for more than 1/3 of the total variance of the sea level pressure(SLP) field over the North Atlantic, the NAO is most pronounced during the winter months(December through March) due to an increased sea air temperature contrast(Barnston and Livezey, 1987).  4, record 17, English, - North%20Atlantic%20oscillation

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Low (high) NAO index values occur when sea level pressure is above (below) average in the vicinity of the subpolar Icelandic Low and below (above) average near the subtropical Azores High pressure cell.  3, record 17, English, - North%20Atlantic%20oscillation

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Différence de pression au niveau de la mer entre les régions des Açores et l'Islande.  4, record 17, French, - oscillation%20nord%2Datlantique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'intensité de la circulation atmosphérique à grande échelle est liée à la différence de la pression atmosphérique nord-sud sur l'Atlantique Nord, variable appelée «indice de l'oscillation nord-atlantique». Lorsque l'indice est élevé, les vents du nord-ouest au-dessus du Labrador sont plus puissants, l'air et la mer, plus froids, et les glaces, plus abondantes. Lorsque l'indice est bas, les vents du nord-ouest sont faibles, les températures de l'air sont relativement élevées, la mer est plus chaude que la normale, et la couverture de glace est réduite.  1, record 17, French, - oscillation%20nord%2Datlantique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nord-atlantique : considéré comme un nom de région, il prend la majuscule; considéré comme un adjectif, il prend la minuscule.  5, record 17, French, - oscillation%20nord%2Datlantique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Oscillation équivalente à celle, plus connue et plus virulente, qui se produit dans le Pacifique sud, l'oscillation australe.  6, record 17, French, - oscillation%20nord%2Datlantique

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cultivar of wheat sown during autumn.  2, record 18, English, - winter%20wheat

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The flowering of winter wheat takes place only during early summer following sowing if certain natural or artificial temperature and photoperiodism conditions are fulfilled for each stage of the vegetative cycle. These conditions are fulfilled naturally when the wheat is sown before the first winter frosts.  2, record 18, English, - winter%20wheat

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cultivar de blé semé pendant l'automne.  3, record 18, French, - bl%C3%A9%20d%27hiver

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La floraison du blé d'hiver n'intervient, au cours du premier été suivant le semis, que si certaines conditions naturelles ou artificielles de température et de photopériodisme sont remplies pour chaque stade du cycle végétatif. Ces conditions sont remplies naturellement pour un blé semé avant les premiers froids de l'hiver.  3, record 18, French, - bl%C3%A9%20d%27hiver

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bien qu'on sème en automne pour le récolter l'été suivant.  4, record 18, French, - bl%C3%A9%20d%27hiver

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los trigos de invierno se siembran en otoño y exigen un periodo largo de bajas temperaturas (si se siembra en primavera no se desarrolla más que hasta el estado de ahijamiento) y se mantienen estéril.  2, record 18, Spanish, - trigo%20de%20invierno

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The sinking of surface water and rise of bottom water in a lake or sea that results from changes in density due to changes in temperature and that commonly occurs in spring and fall wherever lakes are icebound in winter.  6, record 19, English, - overturn

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is due to the increase in density of water above and below 39.2°F (4°C, the temperature of minimum density). In the spring, as the surface of the water warms above the freezing point, the water increases in density, becomes heavier, and tends to sink, producing vertical currents, while in the fall, as the surface water becomes colder and therefore heavier, it also tends to sink. Wind may also create such vertical currents.  3, record 19, English, - overturn

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

overturn: ... the result is a uniformity of physical and chemical properties of the water at all depths.  7, record 19, English, - overturn

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Complete, ocean, partial, seasonal overturn.  8, record 19, English, - overturn

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Complete, partial, seasonal turnover.  8, record 19, English, - overturn

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 PHR

Seasonal overturning.  8, record 19, English, - overturn

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 4 PHR

Seasonal water mixing.  9, record 19, English, - overturn

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phénomène de circulation verticale qui se produit dans les grandes étendues d'eau, dû à une variation de la densité de l'eau au-dessus et au-dessous de 4 °C, température où la densité est maximale.  1, record 19, French, - renversement

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tant que l'eau refroidie à la surface est plus dense que l'eau plus profonde, il y aura un mélange ascendant avec de l'eau plus chaude et la glace ne se formera pas, sauf dans des circonstances exceptionnelles. De même, la glace fond si le vent la pousse vers des eaux plus chaudes. La glace refroidit les eaux de surface. Ensuite, un renversement convectif dans la colonne d'eau ramène l'eau plus chaude en contact avec la glace, et celle-ci continue de fondre.  3, record 19, French, - renversement

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] la plupart des lacs de profondeur moyenne ne connaissent un brassage complet que deux fois l'an, soit au printemps et à l'automne lorsque la température de l'eau est uniforme.  8, record 19, French, - renversement

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 CONT

La circulation thermohaline joue un rôle déterminant pour ce qui est du transport thermique méridien dans l'océan Atlantique. Elle consiste en un brassage convectif des eaux océaniques à l'échelle du globe, provoqué par les différences de densité découlant des différences de température et de salinité.  9, record 19, French, - renversement

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Brassage partiel, saisonnier.  10, record 19, French, - renversement

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inversión de las capas producidas en masas de agua con estratificación térmica.  1, record 19, Spanish, - inversi%C3%B3n

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A radiosonde carried by a balloon rising at a few meters per second does not measure such inversions accurately because the response time of the thermistor is several seconds. To quantify this error, we flew a radiosonde on a tethered kite on several occasions in winter at South Pole Station immediately prior to the routine launch of the same sonde on a weather balloon. In all cases, the equilibrated temperatures measured by the tethered sonde at a given pressure level were higher than those from the balloon-borne sonde throughout most of the inversion layer. Assuming that the tethered sonde data represent the true atmospheric temperature profile, a procedure can be developed to correct the temperature data from routine radiosonde soundings for the finite response time of the thermistor.  1, record 20, English, - tethered%20sonde

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sur le modèle de «ballon captif».  1, record 20, French, - sonde%20captive

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

ballon captif : aérostat retenu par un câble.  2, record 20, French, - sonde%20captive

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Temporary or permanent breakdown of the antarctic or arctic stratospheric vortex, in late winter or early spring, due to a rapid rise of temperature of the polar stratosphere(up to about 50 K in a few days).  3, record 21, English, - explosive%20warming

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Stratospheric warming(also called sudden warming) [means a] rise in temperature of the stratosphere in the polar region in late winter resulting from enhanced propagation of energy from the troposphere by planetary-scale waves.  4, record 21, English, - explosive%20warming

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

As a result of a high balloon ascent the explosive warming of the stratosphere above 20 km height ("stratospheric warming") was discovered over Berlin in 1952.  5, record 21, English, - explosive%20warming

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Effondrement temporaire ou permanent du tourbillon stratosphérique antarctique ou arctique, tard en hiver ou au début du printemps, lié à une hausse rapide de la température de la stratosphère polaire (jusqu'à 50 K en quelques jours).  1, record 21, French, - r%C3%A9chauffement%20explosif

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Desaparición permanente o transitoria del torbellino estratosférico antártico o ártico ocasionado por una rápida subida de la temperatura de la estratosfera polar (del orden de unos 50 K en unos pocos días) a finales del invierno o a principios de la primavera.  1, record 21, Spanish, - calentamiento%20explosivo

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It's turning out to be a cold winter. This past week, the day time temperature has gone above freezing every day but the night time temperature has dropped into the teens. This is when the mulch pays off by protecting the bud union and lower canes from the freezing and thawing cycles.  2, record 22, English, - night%2Dtime%20temperature

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces techniques préventives, simples et peu onéreuses permettent de réduire de un à trois degrés l'abaissement de la température nocturne, ce qui suffit pour diminuer le risque de gel de près de cinquante pour cent (50 %), et donc pour abaisser la durée et le coût de la lutte active.  3, record 22, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20nocturne

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Asclepias tuberosa L., Asclepiadaceae(Butterfly weed) and A. incarnata L.(Swamp milkweed). Both plants are native to the US and considered as weeds there. They are absolute long day(LD) plants that require warm temperature during their growth and flowering. For winter production they are grown in heated greenhouses and provided with supplementary light at night.  3, record 23, English, - absolute%20long%2Dday%20plant

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although heading and inflorescence development were enhanced by long days (LD) and higher temperature, neither population had any obligatory LD requirement for flowering.  5, record 23, English, - absolute%20long%2Dday%20plant

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On appelle héméropériodiques absolues les espèces qui ont un besoin impératif d'une insolation de plus de 8 heures par jour pour fleurir. Ainsi, l'épinard devra avoir de 13 à 14 heures d'éclairement, le fenouil de 11 à 14 heures, la jusquiame noire de 10 à 11 heures.  3, record 23, French, - h%C3%A9m%C3%A9rop%C3%A9riodique%20absolue

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les plantes de jour long, ou héméropériodiques : qui ne fleurissent que lorsque la durée du jour est supérieure à un seuil; l'épinard, la betterave sont héméropériodiques obligatoires, tandis que les blés et seigles de printemps par exemple sont héméropériodiques préférantes.  4, record 23, French, - h%C3%A9m%C3%A9rop%C3%A9riodique%20absolue

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Las plantas de día largo necesitan un mínimo de horas de luz por debajo del cual no van a florecer. Dentro de las plantas de día corto y de día largo se hace otra clasificación: Requerimiento absoluto- se necesita un fotoperiodo determinado fuera del cual no florecen [...]  2, record 23, Spanish, - planta%20de%20d%C3%ADa%20largo%20absoluta

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The change in snow grains as the snowpack becomes wet(snow temperature reaches 0 degrees C) and subsequently refreezes is known as melt-freeze metamorphism. This process usually occurs during late winter and spring when air temperatures are high, solar radiation is high, and cycles of melting and refreezing are common. Melt-freeze crust layers that exist in the freeze part of the cycle can be very strong.  5, record 24, English, - melt%2Dfreeze%20metamorphism

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Melt-Freeze Metamorphism. When snow is warmed to 0°C (32°F) by rain, solar radiation or warm air, rounded grains develop which are joined into clusters by liquid water ... In the spring, when melt-freeze cycles are repeated daily, the resulting spring snow has a coarse-grained appearance.  6, record 24, English, - melt%2Dfreeze%20metamorphism

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La métamorphose de fonte [...] se traduit par l'apparition d'eau liquide au sein du manteau neigeux. Elle est provoquée par une chute de pluie ou un redoux prolongé. Il se forme des agglomérats dits grains ronds («gros sel») qui rendent le manteau neigeux très instable.  3, record 24, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20de%20neige%20humide

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Métamorphose concernant la neige humide (TEL>0%). [Cette métamorphose] aboutit à la formation de grains ronds.  4, record 24, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20de%20neige%20humide

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

neige humide: Neige contenant de l'eau sous forme liquide (TEL>0%). Sa température est toujours de 0 °C.  4, record 24, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20de%20neige%20humide

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

TEL = teneur en eau liquide.  5, record 24, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20de%20neige%20humide

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tomato mosaic virus used to be common and widespread, but most modern cultivars are resistant. The virus exists in several strains that cause a variety of symptoms. Its common symptom is light to dark green mottling on the leaves, often accompanied by wilting of young leaves on sunny days when plants first become infected. The leaflets of affected leaves are usually distorted, puckered, and smaller than normal. The plant is reduced in size and becomes pale green and spindly... Disease symptoms are greatly influenced by temperature, day length, light intensity, age of plant, virus strain, and cultivar of tomato. Various strains of tomato mosaic virus cause winter necrosis, summer necrosis, or crusty-fruit diseases...  3, record 25, English, - tomato%20mosaic%20virus

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with TMV which is the Tobacco Mosaic Virus.  4, record 25, English, - tomato%20mosaic%20virus

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La mosaïque commune a déjà été fort répandue, mais la plupart des nouveaux cultivars résistent à la maladie. Il existe plusieurs souches de virus, qui provoquent différents symptômes. La maladie a pour principal symptôme une moucheture des feuilles allant du vert clair au vert foncé, souvent associée à la flétrissure des jeunes feuilles par temps ensoleillé au moment de l'infection initiale des plants. Les folioles des feuilles infectées sont habituellement déformées, ridées et plus petites qu'à la normale. La plante est rabougrie, devient grêle et prend une couleur vert pâle [...] Les symptômes de la maladie sont fortement influencés par la température, la longueur des jours, l'intensité lumineuse, l'âge de la plante, la souche du virus et le cultivar des tomates cultivées. Différentes souches du virus de la mosaïque commune de la tomate sont responsables de la nécrose d'hiver, de la nécrose d'été et du fruit en croûte.  2, record 25, French, - virus%20de%20la%20mosa%C3%AFque%20de%20la%20tomate

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C'est l'acronyme anglais qui est utilisé. Ne pas confondre avec TMV (virus de la mosaïque du tabac).  3, record 25, French, - virus%20de%20la%20mosa%C3%AFque%20de%20la%20tomate

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. This research looked at the sources of moisture problems in dwellings that remain unoccupied for long periods of time. Changes were recommended to counter the identified moisture problems. Foundation problems were identified as the primary source of excessive humidity; there was also some evidence of temperature and humidity conditions leading to spring/winter condensation.  2, record 26, English, - Investigating%20Moisture%20in%20Seasonal%20Housing

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Société canadienne d'hypothèques et de logement. Le projet de recherche dont il est question ici avait pour objectif d'examiner les causes des problèmes d'humidité dans les résidences secondaires occupées une partie de l'année seulement. Des recommandations ont été faites aux propriétaires pour résoudre les problèmes d'humidité identifiés. Les problèmes d'humidité liés aux fondations constituent une source première d'excès d'humidité. La surveillance a néanmoins fait état des conditions de température et d'humidité qui produiraient de la condensation en hiver et au printemps dans ces bâtiments.  2, record 26, French, - %C3%89tude%20sur%20l%27humidit%C3%A9%20dans%20les%20r%C3%A9sidences%20secondaires

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Difference between the mean temperatures of the warmest and coldest months of the year.  4, record 27, English, - mean%20annual%20range%20of%20temperature

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At midlatitudes, continental interior winter temperatures vary by up to 5°C between the cases. Mean annual temperatures(MAT) vary by 2-5°C over middle and high latitude regions. Mean annual temperature range(MATR) of continental interiors has the largest response of all to precessional forcing, up to 17°C.  3, record 27, English, - mean%20annual%20range%20of%20temperature

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Différence entre la température moyenne du mois le plus chaud et celle du mois le plus froid, au cours de l'année.  2, record 27, French, - amplitude%20annuelle%20moyenne%20de%20la%20temp%C3%A9rature

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diferencia entre las temperaturas medias del mes más cálido y del mes más frío de un año.  1, record 27, Spanish, - amplitud%20de%20la%20variaci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20temperatura%20media%20anual

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A strong, cold northerly wind in various parts of the Northern Hemisphere.  2, record 28, English, - norther

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

norther : The term has several specific applications : 1) In the southern United States, especially in Texas(Texas norther), in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Gulf of Panama away from the coast, and in Central America(norte), the norther is a strong cold wind from between northeast and northwest. It occurs between November and April, freshening during the afternoon and decreasing at night. It is a cold air outbreak associated with the southward movement of a cold anticyclone. It is usually preceded by a warm and cloudy or rainy spell with southerly winds. The norther comes as a rushing blast and brings a sudden drop of temperature of as much as 25°F in one hour or 50°F in three hours in winter. 2) The California norther is a strong, very dry, dusty, northerly wind that blows in late spring, summer, and early fall in the valley of California or on the West Coast when pressure is high over the mountains to the north. It lasts from one to four days. The dryness is due to adiabatic warming during descent. In summer it is very hot. 3) The Portuguese norther is the beginning of the trade wind west of Portugal. 4) Norther is used for a strong north wind on the coast of Chile that blows occasionally in summer. 5) In southeast Australia, a hot dry wind from the desert is called a norther.  3, record 28, English, - norther

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vent fort et froid, venant du nord, dans diverses parties de l'hémisphère Nord.  2, record 28, French, - norther

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le] norther [est un] vent du nord sec et froid, soufflant sur le golfe du Mexique et surtout au Texas; [c'est aussi un] vent du nord, chaud et sec soufflant dans la Great Valley de Californie.  4, record 28, French, - norther

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Naviguer en Amérique centrale. [...] la période des northers [...] commence. Cette période va de novembre à avril. En novembre les coups de vent de Nord sont de force raisonnable : 7 à 8 Beaufort mais au fur et à mesure que l'hiver avance, ils se renforcent et peuvent devenir très violents : force 10 ou plus.  5, record 28, French, - norther

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Les températures peuvent néanmoins baisser brusquement sur le Golfe du Mexique lorsque souffle le norther, vent violent et glacial.  6, record 28, French, - norther

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Grand dictionnaire encyclopédique Larousse répertorie «northern» au lieu de «norther». Norther figure dans les dictionnaires spécialisés de météorologie.  7, record 28, French, - norther

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

northern : Phénomène relevé en Amérique du Nord (centre et sud-est des États-Unis et occasionnellement golfe du Mexique), qui correspond à l'arrivée d'air polaire continental aux latitudes subtropicales, voire intertropicales. (Il se traduit par une forte et tenace chute des températures, la descente vers les basses latitudes d'un front froid et d'un anticyclone thermique postfrontal et à des influences néfastes sur les cultures. Le passage d'un front froid particulièrement marqué sur le golfe du Mexique peut y provoquer des vents de tempête.)  3, record 28, French, - norther

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Viento fuerte y frío de componente norte en varias partes del hemisferio Norte.  1, record 28, Spanish, - norte%C3%B1o

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A series of temperature measurements taken at various levels in the atmosphere that show the thermal structure of the atmosphere over a specific location.  3, record 29, English, - vertical%20temperature%20profile

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The type of precipitation that will fall from clouds in any given storm is largely dependent on what is called the vertical temperature profile. A vertical temperature profile is a series of temperature measurements taken at various levels of the troposphere. Meteorologists send up weather balloons twice each day to detect the air temperatures at different elevations in the troposphere. During the winter months, access to temperature data reported back from weather balloons helps meteorologists to more accurately forecast what type of precipitation is on the way. Temperature profiles, however, can change completely due to many factors in the troposphere.  4, record 29, English, - vertical%20temperature%20profile

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vertical temperature profile: Obtained through a rawinsonde sounding or comparable method, and exhibited in a skew t-log p diagram.  3, record 29, English, - vertical%20temperature%20profile

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Graphique montrant la variation de la température avec la hauteur.  1, record 29, French, - profil%20vertical%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Depuis 1960, les satellites météorologiques apportent une vision globale et planétaire de l'état de l'atmosphère. Les satellites en orbite polaire (passant à peu près par l'axe des pôles) survolent la totalité de la Terre deux fois par jour. Ils fournissent une image des masses nuageuses et de leur évolution, ainsi qu'une multitude de données relatives à la température de surface des océans, à la quantité d'ozone atmosphérique, à l'humidité des sols, à la surface couverte par les glaces marines et continentales dans les hautes latitudes. Ils enregistrent des informations sur l'état de l'atmosphère, en particulier le profil vertical de la température à partir duquel on peut, par exemple, déduire la distribution de la vapeur d'eau.  3, record 29, French, - profil%20vertical%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Representación gráfica de la variación de la temperatura con la altura.  1, record 29, Spanish, - perfil%20vertical%20de%20la%20temperatura

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rain composed of drops at a temperature below freezing point.  4, record 30, English, - supercooled%20rain

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ice storms, also referred to as glaze storms, cause considerable damage every year to trees and power lines. Ice accumulates when super cooled rain freezes on contact with surfaces, such as tree branches, that are at or below the freezing point. This generally occurs when a winter warm front passes through an area after the ground level temperature reaches or falls below freezing.  3, record 30, English, - supercooled%20rain

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pluie composée de gouttes dont la température est inférieure au point de congélation.  2, record 30, French, - pluie%20surfondue

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le contact de telles gouttes sur le sol ou sur un objet provoque la formation de givre transparent ou de verglas.  3, record 30, French, - pluie%20surfondue

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Caída de gotas de lluvia con temperatura por debajo del punto de congelación.  1, record 30, Spanish, - lluvia%20subfundida

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Factor scores ... need to be weighted. Otherwise, the variables which have high loadings on less important factors will have the same impact in the cluster analysis as variables which load highly on important factors.  1, record 31, English, - load%20highly

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The PCA [principal component analysis] was applied to the 240 weather variables for all days within the winter season from 1958/59 to 2000/2001 for 15 Canadian and 12 U. S. stations, producing an 18-component solution that explains 91% of the total variance in the original dataset. The remainder of the components with eigenvalues less than one were discarded. The thermal and moisture variables, air temperature and dew point temperature, load highly on Component 1, explaining over 36% of the total variance.  2, record 31, English, - load%20highly

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also the record for "component loading" for more information on the concept of statistical loading.  3, record 31, English, - load%20highly

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'utilisation de la corrélation ou de la régression [...] informe [...] du comportement de deux ou plus variables entre elles. [...] Seront retenues les variables qui montrent un lien suffisant avec la variable dépendante. (Par exemple celles qui ont un fort coefficient de corrélation ou une signification statistique convenable.)  1, record 31, French, - avoir%20un%20fort%20coefficient%20de%20corr%C3%A9lation

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans les analyses en composantes principales on parle des «coordonnées», du «poids» ou des «coefficients» des variables pour rendre la notion de «loading». Voir la fiche «component loading» pour obtenir plus de renseignements sur cette notion.  2, record 31, French, - avoir%20un%20fort%20coefficient%20de%20corr%C3%A9lation

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Westerly jet stream of maximum intensity near the stratopause, in the middle and subpolar latitudes of the winter hemisphere, caused by prolonged radiative cooling of the air in high latitudes during this season.  1, record 32, English, - polar%20night%20jet

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Polar-night jet stream. This jet meanders through the upper stratosphere over the poles. It occurs only during the long winter night. Remember, night is 6 months long over the pole in which winter is occurring. The polar stratosphere undergoes appreciable cooling due to the lack of solar radiation. The horizontal temperature gradient is strongly established between the equator and the pole, and the pressure gradient creates this westerly jet. The temperature gradient breaks down intermittently during middle and late winter in the Northern Hemisphere; therefore, the jet is intermittent at these times. In the Southern Hemisphere the temperature gradient and jet disappear rather abruptly near the time of the spring equinox.  3, record 32, English, - polar%20night%20jet

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Courant-jet d'ouest d'intensité maximale près de la stratopause, aux latitudes moyennes et subpolaires de l'hémisphère d'hiver, provoqué par le refroidissement radiatif prolongé de l'air aux hautes latitudes durant cette saison.  1, record 32, French, - courant%2Djet%20de%20la%20nuit%20polaire

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Corriente en chorro, del oeste, que alcanza su máxima intensidad cerca de la estratopausa en las latitudes medias y subpolares del hemisferio invernal. Se origina como consecuencia del prolongado enfriamiento del aire por radiación en las latitudes altas durante esta estación.  1, record 32, Spanish, - corriente%20en%20chorro%20durante%20la%20noche%20polar

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Melt-freeze metamorphism : The change in snow grains as the snowpack becomes wet(snow temperature reaches 0 degrees C) and subsequently refreezes is known as melt-freeze metamorphism. This process usually occurs during late winter and spring when air temperatures are high, solar radiation is high, and cycles of melting and refreezing are common. Melt-freeze crust layers that exist in the freeze part of the cycle can be very strong.  2, record 33, English, - melt%2Dfreeze%20cohesion

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Melt-freeze crust: A layer of snow that has been warmed until liquid water forms between the grains and then freezes to form a relatively strong layer.  3, record 33, English, - melt%2Dfreeze%20cohesion

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cohésion due au gel de l'eau liquide au sein du manteau neigeux.  1, record 33, French, - coh%C3%A9sion%20de%20regel

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque ces neiges humides subissent un refroidissement, l'eau liquide présente gèle progressivement, créant de solides liaisons de glace entre les grains ronds avec formation d'agglomérats de plusieurs mm et parfois de croûtes de glace. La neige acquiert alors une excellente cohésion dite de regel. C'est ce que l'on peut observer fréquemment au printemps avec l'alternance des réchauffements diurnes et des refroidissements nocturnes.  1, record 33, French, - coh%C3%A9sion%20de%20regel

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Strong wind, producing a duststorm or sandstorm, in central and northern Sudan.  3, record 34, English, - haboob

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The name comes from the Arabic word habb, meaning wind. Haboobs are most frequent from May through September, especially in June, but they have occurred in every month except November. Their average duration is three hours; they are most severe in April and May when the soil is driest. They may approach from any direction, but most commonly from the north in winter and from the south, southeast, or east in summer. The average maximum wind velocity is over 13 m s1(30 mph) and a speed of 28 m s1(62 mph) has been recorded. The sand and dust form a dense whirling wall that may be 1000 m(3000 ft) high; it is often preceded by isolated dust whirls. During these storms, enormous quantities of sand are deposited. Haboobs usually occur after a few days of rising temperature and falling pressure.  4, record 34, English, - haboob

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vent fort, produisant une tempête de poussière ou de sable, dans le centre et le nord du Soudan.  3, record 34, French, - haboob

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En la parte central y septentrional del Sudán, el fuerte viento que acompaña a las tormentas de polvo o arena.  1, record 34, Spanish, - haboob

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To reconstruct the gridded temperature and precipitation fields... We first identified all predictors for which data were available for that particular month(season) and all other months from the same climatological season(i. e. winter is December, January and February).  2, record 35, English, - climatological%20season

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Three daily airflow indices [total shear vorticity, zonal and meridional components of geostrophic air-flow] were used as predictors of parameters describing station rainfall series ... All three indices were derived for each climatological season (i.e., DJF [December, January, February], MAM [March, April, May], JJA [June, July, August] and SON [September, October, November) for the period 1881-1990 using daily grid-point sea level pressure data recorded at 5° latitude by 10° longitude intervals across the British Isles.  3, record 35, English, - climatological%20season

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Astronomical seasons use the suns angle in relation to the earth and length of day to determine seasons : e. g. Summer : June 21, Fall : Sept 21, Winter : Dec 21 and Spring : Mar 21. Climatological seasons are based on temperature-thus the heating lag phenom is a factor.  4, record 35, English, - climatological%20season

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quatre périodes de trois mois consécutifs pour lesquelles sont établies les statistiques climatologiques saisonnières, à savoir : - hiver : décembre, janvier, février; - printemps : mars, avril, mai; - été : juin, juillet, août; - automne : septembre, octobre, novembre.  1, record 35, French, - saison%20climatologique

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce sont des considérations d'ordre climatique qui sont à l'origine de ce choix en zone tempérée. Par exemple, l'hiver devrait être une période de trois mois centrée sur le solstice d'hiver, mais du fait de l'inertie thermique de l'atmosphère, un décalage de trois semaines environ conduit à adopter la période décembre-février.  1, record 35, French, - saison%20climatologique

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The period of the year that occurs between the end of winter and the beginning of spring, when tree roots begin to thaw and have their vessels filled with sap that flows up to the top of trees, as temperature is getting milder.  2, record 36, English, - sap%20season

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Période de l'année qui s'échelonne de la fin de l'hiver jusqu'au début du printemps au cours de laquelle les racines des arbres, sous l'action de températures plus douces, se remplissent de sève qui se distribue dans les vaisseaux ligneux en montant jusqu'au sommet.  3, record 36, French, - p%C3%A9riode%20de%20mont%C3%A9e%20de%20s%C3%A8ve

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Day during which the minimum temperature is less than 0°C (or, by convention, is equal to or less than 0°C).  5, record 37, English, - frost%20day

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Frost days, or the days when the minimum daily temperature dips below freezing, declined over the period 1948-1999, with the largest decreases in the winter and the spring. Easterling studied two questions for the 52-year period : Are there changes in the number of frost days per year or season?; and Are there changes in the dates of the first autumn frost, last spring frost, and length of the frost-free season? These questions are important to the understanding of our climate and to the agricultural community.  6, record 37, English, - frost%20day

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Coast of Bays has relatively cool summers with warm winters. The average first day of frost is October 11 and the average last day of frost is May 14.  3, record 37, English, - frost%20day

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Jour durant lequel la température baisse à 0 degré C ou moins.  2, record 37, French, - jour%20de%20gel

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En météorologie, on repère les jours caractérisés par un événement climatique, en particulier : - jours avec neige [...] - jours d'enneigement [...] - jours de pluie (ou jours avec précipitations) [...] - jours de grêle [...] - jours de gel, si la température a atteint une valeur égale ou inférieure à zéro degré Celsius.  3, record 37, French, - jour%20de%20gel

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Día en el que la temperatura mínima es inferior a 0°C (o por acuerdo en ciertos países, igual o inferior a 0°C).  1, record 37, Spanish, - d%C3%ADa%20de%20helada

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rancagua has a Mediterranean temperate climate with winter rain. Precipitation falls preferentially between May and September, being July the rainiest month with 22 mm. In summer, the driest month is February with less than 1 mm. The maximum temperature in summer fluctuates between 28°Cand 29°Cand extreme temperatures may reach 36°C, while the minimum is around 9°C. In winter the maximum and minimum temperatures are 15 °C and 5°C, respectively.  1, record 38, English, - Mediterranean%20temperate%20climate

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le climat tempéré méditerranéen se rencontre, outre dans le bassin de la Méditerranée, sur la façade occidentale des grands continents entre les latitudes 30° et 40° nord et sud. Il est caractérisé par des hivers doux et pluvieux et des étés chauds et secs. C'est l'aire naturelle de la garrigue et du maquis, végétation adaptée à la sécheresse estivale.  1, record 38, French, - climat%20temp%C3%A9r%C3%A9%20m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9en

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the wake of a nuclear attack, even of moderate scope, there would be pronounced biospheric impacts for Britain. The climatic conditions, known collectively as "nuclear winter", would serve to kill off much vegetation and to significantly damage surviving vegetation. The most widespread damage would more likely be caused through "chill injury" than through "freeze injury". Many agricultural crops would die in the fields, or fail to produce grain, fruits and tubers in any but meagre amounts. The main environmental insults, viz. reduced temperature and light, would be aggravated, often in synergistic fashion, through additional assaults, e. g. irregular rainfall patterns, powerful winds, chemical pollutants and(eventually) UV-B radiation.  2, record 39, English, - nuclear%20winter

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conséquence des poussières émises par un grand nombre d'explosions atomiques simultanées.  2, record 39, French, - hiver%20nucl%C3%A9aire

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les conséquences d'un conflit nucléaire généralisé ne sont pas seulement les destructions locales par les explosions nucléaires elles-mêmes ou le danger de la radioactivité. Ce sont aussi des centaines de millions de tonnes de poussières et d'énormes nuages de fumées et de suie qui obscurcissent l'atmosphère et modifient le climat de la Terre. Les nombreux scénarios de guerre nucléaire établis par les scientifiques s'accordent aujourd'hui sur ce point : les survivants d'un conflit généralisé, plongés dans une nuit lugubre, devront affronter le terrible hiver nucléaire pendant plus d'une année.  3, record 39, French, - hiver%20nucl%C3%A9aire

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hipótesis configurada por simulación (a través del modelo TAPPS), conforme a la cual una guerra nuclear de gran envergadura ocasionaría drásticos cambios climatológicos, equivalentes a un largo y severo invierno, que acabaría con la vida del planeta tal como hoy la conocemos.  1, record 39, Spanish, - invierno%20nuclear

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pertaining to the Alps or the Arctic zone of a mountain; above timberline.  2, record 40, English, - alpine

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A major regional community(biome) of vegetation in high mountainous regions and on high-level plateaus. The plants generally grow in thin stony soil and are subjected to high light intensity and high wind speeds. The climate differs from that of the tundra as there is daylight in winter and darkness in summer, more precipitation and wind, and a higher degree of solar radiation, but no permafrost. The number of plant species, although limited, is greater than that found in the tundra. Certain drought-tolerant species(e. g. grasses, sedges, mosses, and lichens) are common to both communities. In temperate latitudes there are many brightly coloured flowers in summer on the alpine pastures. The vegetation changes as the altitude increases due to the associated drop in temperature. The vegetation also differs between north-and south-facing slopes. The lower limit of the alpine zone(see tree line) varies in different mountain regions and also varies with the wetness of the locality and the mass of the mountain range.  3, record 40, English, - alpine

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Se dit des plantes] qui vivent normalement en haute montagne (plus de 1 200 à 1 500 mètres, plus haut que les plantes alpestres).  2, record 40, French, - alpin

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Se dit d'un] végétal particulier à la chaîne des Alpes [...] présentant le maximum de son extension dans la zone alpine des hautes montagnes, c'est-à-dire au-dessus de la région des forêts. [...] désigné ainsi par opposition à «plante de plaine», présentant des caractères xérophiles, et adapté à un éclairement intense. Ces plantes sont ramassées en touffes à axes courts, feuilles nombreuses et denses, fleurs plus colorées que les mêmes espèces de plaine, à poils nombreux.  3, record 40, French, - alpin

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The primary cause for these seasonal winds [monsoon] is the much greater annual variation of temperature over large land areas compared with neighboring ocean surfaces, causing an excess of pressure over the continents in winter and a deficit in summer, but other factors, such as topography of the land, also have an effect.  2, record 41, English, - annual%20variations

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Total ozone. The figure 4.1.1 shows the daily total ozone averages (dots) and 365 days moving averages (solid line) for Lisbon station ... this data needs to be re-evaluated ... however it can be seen the annual variation and a marked negative trend from 1972.  3, record 41, English, - annual%20variations

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

annual variations: term standardized by ISO.  4, record 41, English, - annual%20variations

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'évolution de la couche d'ozone au-dessus de nos régions [...] Sur la figure 1, on peut remarquer que l'épaisseur moyenne présente une variation annuelle accusant un minimum en automne et un maximum au printemps. S'y superposent des variations au jour le jour pouvant atteindre 50 %. Il n'est donc pas étonnant que soient observées dans les valeurs mensuelles moyennes des différences d'année en année.  2, record 41, French, - variations%20annuelles

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

variations annuelles : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  3, record 41, French, - variations%20annuelles

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To make ready for winter or winter use and especially resistant or proof against the freezing temperature, wind, and snow of winter.  1, record 42, English, - winterize

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il a cultivé son jardin et s'emploie présentement à hivériser sa maison.  2, record 42, French, - hiv%C3%A9riser

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On peut [...] utiliser ce terme pour désigner la préparation annuelle d'une maison pour l'hiver: pose des contre-fenêtres, calfeutrage, etc.  3, record 42, French, - hiv%C3%A9riser

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The preparation of equipment for operation in conditions of winter weather; this applies to preparation not only for cold temperature, but also for snow, ice, and strong winds.  3, record 43, English, - winterization

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Winterize: to prepare (anything) for winter use or occupation: to winterize a house.  4, record 43, English, - winterization

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Builders ... are showing considerable interest in "winterization" ...  2, record 43, English, - winterization

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Winterize: Action de préparer une voiture pur l'hiver par une mise au point générale, l'addition d'antigel, la pose des pneus d'hiver, etc. [L'Office de la langue française propose le terme «hivériser»]. [...] On peut également utiliser ce terme pour désigner la préparation annuelle d'une maison pour l'hiver: pose des contre-fenêtres, calfeutrage, etc. Dérivés possibles: hivérisation, hivérisée (voiture, maison), et hivérisant (produit).  1, record 43, French, - hiv%C3%A9risation

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi «intempérisation».  2, record 43, French, - hiv%C3%A9risation

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... a heat pump uses the same equipment to cool the conditioned space in summer and to heat it in winter, maintaining a generally comfortable temperature at all times. This dual purpose is accomplished, in effect, by placing the low-temperature evaporator in the conditioned space regardless of the season...  2, record 44, English, - dual%20purpose%20heat%20pump

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Any air conditioner will reduce the fuel economy of a car when the system is in use. All-season systems, in which you set a thermostat to the desired temperature, operate the compressor winter and summer, as needed, thus increasing fuel consumption the year round.  1, record 45, English, - all%2Dseason%20system

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tous les climatiseurs augmentent la consommation d'essence quand ils fonctionnent. Les systèmes «toutes saisons», dans lesquels vous réglez un thermostat à la température voulue, font fonctionner le compresseur aussi bien en hiver qu'en été.  1, record 45, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20toutes%20saisons

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gutman has described how a small hydroponic installation has been established in North-Eastern California at a height of 1250 m above sea level, where the winter temperature sometimes falls to minus 33 ° C, aided by natural artesian thermal spring yielding hot water just below atmospheric boiling point.  1, record 46, English, - hydroponic%20installation

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Palatability : With respect to the quality of water, significantly free from color, turbidity, taste, and odor, of moderate temperature in summer and winter, and well aerated.  2, record 47, English, - palatable

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'une eau dont le goût est agréable.  1, record 47, French, - sapide

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

References :"Case Study : FM Temperature Forecast of December 21, 1983", R Jones, in The Monthly Review, V III, No 9, and "Case Study : Quasistationary Nature of the Winter Arctic Front over Northwestern Canada", J Der, in The Monthly Review, V III, No 5.  1, record 48, English, - split%20flow

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Residential buildings shall be equipped with heating facilities capable of maintaining an indoor air temperature of 72 deg. F at the outside winter design temperature.  1, record 49, English, - outside%20winter%20design%20temperature

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Par exemple, si pour une région la température extérieure de base été est de 31 deg. C, des pointes de température de 33 deg. C pourront être atteintes quelques jours par été.  1, record 49, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20ext%C3%A9rieure%20de%20base%20hiver

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) air motion due to temperature differences, namely, convection, is at a minimum, and so also is transfer of heat. But in winter the situation is less desirable. The roof slab is cold, and the air below is cooled, tending to fall(...). The air above the ceiling is warmed and tends to rise(...). So a thermal circulation is set up.  1, record 50, English, - thermal%20circulation

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un mur de maçonnerie lourde est disposé en façade sud derrière un vitrage. L'effet de serre provoque l'échauffement de l'air qui se trouve entre le mur et le vitrage. Des ouvertures ménagées en parties haute et basse de la maçonnerie, permettent l'établissement d'une thermo-circulation de l'air.  2, record 50, French, - thermo%2Dcirculation

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Préférer la graphie en un mot sans trait d'union.  3, record 50, French, - thermo%2Dcirculation

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Circulation de l'air provoquée par des différences de température.  3, record 50, French, - thermo%2Dcirculation