TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A wood boiler uses combustion to heat water that will then be distributed to meet the demands of different heat loads : radiant floors, radiators, water to air heat exchangers, domestic hot water, pool, spa, etc.  2, record 1, English, - wood%2Dfired%20boiler

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

wood-fired boiler: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Report.  6, record 1, English, - wood%2Dfired%20boiler

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

wood furnace; wood-fired boiler: terms standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Black Carbon Inventory.  6, record 1, English, - wood%2Dfired%20boiler

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chaudières à bois. Elles sont conçues spécialement pour fonctionner au bois. Elles brûlent particulièrement des bûches, mais aussi des déchets (sauf la sciure) : planches de démolition, sarments, coupes de haies, cartons, vieux emballages, papiers.  4, record 1, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20bois

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chaudière à bois : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'inventaire de carbone noir et de l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques.  5, record 1, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20bois

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fuel wood combustion : term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Report.  3, record 2, English, - wood%20combustion

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

combustion de bois : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques.  2, record 2, French, - combustion%20de%20bois

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

wood combustion device : term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the National Inventory Report.  2, record 3, English, - wood%20combustion%20device

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

appareil de combustion de bois de chauffage : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre du Rapport d'inventaire national.  2, record 3, French, - appareil%20de%20combustion%20de%20bois%20de%20chauffage

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chimenea es un aparato de combustión de leña con llama vista empleada para: Producir calor para la calefacción del ambiente interno. Cocer alimentos. Producir agua caliente para su uso doméstico (con dispositivos especiales).  1, record 3, Spanish, - aparato%20de%20combusti%C3%B3n%20de%20le%C3%B1a

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combustion of a material in the solid phase without flame but with emission of light from the combustion zone.  3, record 4, English, - glowing%20combustion

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Flaming combustion burns wood fuel gases. It is the burning of the gases that produces the flame. The radiant heat of flaming combustion also preheats and pre-ignites unburned wood. Glowing combustion occurs only in cooler sections of the fire. It is the same chemical reaction as flaming combustion but burns wood fuel solids. Some of the wood glows red with glowing combustion. Sometimes flaming combustion proceeds until only ash, water and carbon dioxide remain; at other times wood cools off enough to stop burning before all the charcoal is consumed.  4, record 4, English, - glowing%20combustion

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There was more residue left for both samples at the end of flaming combustion than at the end of the test, but glowing combustion (surface oxidative combustion) consumed some of the residues during the two minutes non-flaming exposure.  2, record 4, English, - glowing%20combustion

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

glowing combustion: term and definition standardized by ISO.  5, record 4, English, - glowing%20combustion

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combustion d'un matériau, à l'état solide, sans flamme mais avec émission de lumière émanant de la zone de combustion.  1, record 4, French, - incandescence%20avec%20combustion

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

incandescence : Émission de rayonnement visible d'origine thermique.  4, record 4, French, - incandescence%20avec%20combustion

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Si la réaction [de combustion] est assez rapide, le dégagement de chaleur est suffisant pour que le corps combustible soit porté à l'incandescence; on dit qu'il y a «combustion vive» [...]. Si l'oxydation est assez lente pour que la chaleur dégagée se dissipe sans échauffer notablement le corps combustible, on dit qu'il y a «combustion lente», appelée plus communément oxydation [...]  4, record 4, French, - incandescence%20avec%20combustion

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

incandescence avec combustion : terme normalisé par l'ISO mais mal formé; définition normalisée par l'ISO.  5, record 4, French, - incandescence%20avec%20combustion

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combustión de un material en la fase sólida sin llama pero con emisión de luz de la zona de combustión.  1, record 4, Spanish, - combusti%C3%B3n%20incandescente

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Residential Firewood. Firewood is used as a primary or supplementary heating source for many Canadian homes. Combustion of firewood results in CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O emissions, which are considered technology-dependent. The main types of residential wood combustion devices considered are stoves, fireplaces, furnaces and other equipment(i. e. pellet stoves).  1, record 5, English, - residential%20firewood

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bois de chauffage résidentiel. Le bois de chauffage est une source de chauffage principal ou d'appoint dans de nombreux foyers canadiens. Sa combustion émet des émissions de CO₂, du CH₄ et du N₂O, qui dépendent de la technologie. Les trois principaux types d'appareils de combustion de bois de chauffage en milieu résidentiel sont les poêles à bois, les foyers et les chaudières et autres appareils (p. ex. les poêles à granules).  1, record 5, French, - bois%20de%20chauffage%20r%C3%A9sidentiel

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Advanced biofuels use pre-commercial technologies using non-food crops, agricultural and forest residues. These materials are composed of 3 primary building blocks : cellulose, hemicellulose or lignin. Advanced biofuels can either be blended with petroleum-based fuels... or... dedicated for the use in slightly adapted vehicles with internal combustion engines... Advanced fuels can be produced from waste materials, stalks of wheat and corn, wood and dedicated energy crops.  2, record 6, English, - advanced%20biofuel

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Many advanced biofuels are under development including cellulosic ethanol, biomethanol, DMF [2,5-dimethylfuran], Bio-DME [dimethyl ether], Fischer-Tropsch diesel, mixed alcohols and wood diesel. Some of these fuels are still in the early stages of development and can include algal biofuels and hydrogen from biomass.  2, record 6, English, - advanced%20biofuel

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Second- and third-generation biofuels are also called advanced biofuels.  3, record 6, English, - advanced%20biofuel

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

There is considerable debate on how to classify biofuels. Biofuels are commonly divided into first-, second- and third-generation biofuels, but the same fuel might be classified differently depending on whether technology maturity, GHG [greenhouse gas] emission balance or the feedstock is used to guide the distinction.  4, record 6, English, - advanced%20biofuel

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 OBS

advanced biofuel: the term is often used as a synonym for "second-generation biofuel," though it now encompasses all biofuels that are not first-generation.  5, record 6, English, - advanced%20biofuel

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] biocarburant issu de la biomasse lignocellulosique, des algues [ou] de manière plus générale du vivant.  2, record 6, French, - biocarburant%20avanc%C3%A9

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les biocarburants avancés seront utilisés dans le secteur des transports (terrestres, mais aussi aériens, maritimes, fluviaux, voire ferroviaires) et pourront être envisagés comme combustibles pour des applications stationnaires.  3, record 6, French, - biocarburant%20avanc%C3%A9

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les biocarburants dits «avancés» à savoir de 2ème et de 3ème génération n’ont pas encore atteint le stade industriel et sont au stade de recherche et développement.  4, record 6, French, - biocarburant%20avanc%C3%A9

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

biocarburant avancé : souvent on trouve ce terme comme synonyme de «biocarburant de seconde génération», mais maintenant il se rapport à tous les biocarburants qui ne sont pas de la première génération.  5, record 6, French, - biocarburant%20avanc%C3%A9

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The regulations will mandate reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from the following industrial sectors : electricity generation produced by combustion, oil and gas(including upstream oil and gas, downstream petroleum, oil sands, and natural gas pipelines), forest products(including pulp and paper and wood products), smelting and refining(including aluminum, alumina, and base metal smelting), iron and steel, iron ore pelletizing, potash, cement, lime, and chemicals production, including fertilizers.  1, record 7, English, - Regulatory%20Framework%20for%20Industrial%20Air%20Emissions

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les règlements prescriront une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et de polluants atmosphériques dans divers secteurs industriels : la production d'électricité à base de combustibles, de mazout brut et de gaz (y compris l'industrie pétrolière et gazière en amont, l'industrie pétrolière en aval, les sables bitumineux et les gazoducs), les produits forestiers (y compris les pâtes et papiers et les produits du bois), la fonte et l'affinage (y compris l'aluminium, l'alumine et la fonte des métaux communs), le fer et l'acier, le boulettage de minerai de fer, la potasse, le ciment, la chaux et la fabrication de produits chimiques, y compris les engrais.  1, record 7, French, - Cadre%20r%C3%A9glementaire%20sur%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20atmosph%C3%A9riques%20pour%20les%20secteurs%20industriels

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of biomass combustion burner in which a pile of fuel burns on the grates.  2, record 8, English, - pile%20burner

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Primary combustion air comes from above the grates, not below.  2, record 8, English, - pile%20burner

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The boilers are fed wood fuel from the main fuel bin located adjacent to the boiler house. The boilers are the "pile burner" type, which burn wood in a large pile on the floor of a refractory lined furnace box. Combustion efficiency with this type of boiler is generally low but pile burners are simple and therefore relatively inexpensive. Low combustion efficiency also means that emissions such as particulates and carbon monoxide are relatively high. One notable advantage to these systems is that high moisture content fuels can be burned as well as "dirty" fuels containing debris.  3, record 8, English, - pile%20burner

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pile burner : Boilers incorporating a pile burning design find applications where the anticipated wood fuel has a high(up to 65%) relative moisture content, as is found in whole green tree chips, bark, and green mill residue. Grates serve to support the fuel, and underfire air flowing up through the grates provides oxygen for combustion, cools the grates, promotes turbulence in the fuel bed, and dries the fuel. The most common form of pile burning is the Dutch oven, which was used almost exclusively during the early part of the century(Guinn and Turner 1990).  4, record 8, English, - pile%20burner

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le combustible de bois sec est mélangé à de la sciure de bois vert afin de produire un mélange de combustible qui convienne aux brûleurs de biomasse [...]  1, record 8, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20de%20biomasse

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

During fish smoking, smoke produced by an increased air circulation in the kiln causing a more complete combustion of wood than in the case of distilled smoke.  2, record 9, English, - blown%20smoke

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fumée produite en augmentant la circulation d'air dans le foyer, ce qui provoque une combustion plus complète du bois que dans le cas de la fumée distillée.  2, record 9, French, - fum%C3%A9e%20forc%C3%A9e

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation de la terminologie des pêches commerciales.  3, record 9, French, - fum%C3%A9e%20forc%C3%A9e

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fluidized-bed combustion provides a clean, efficient means of burning high-sulphur coal, of firing coal and wood waste, and of using waste materials such as coal washery rejects and residues from heavy oil upgraders.  1, record 10, English, - high%2Dsulphur%20coal

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to "clean coal" which has 90% of its sulphur removed.  6, record 10, English, - high%2Dsulphur%20coal

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La combustion en lit fluidisé (CLF) est un moyen efficace et propre de brûler du charbon à haute teneur en soufre ainsi que des déchets de charbon de bois.  5, record 10, French, - charbon%20%C3%A0%20forte%20teneur%20en%20soufre

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance produced during the burning or oxidation of a material.  3, record 11, English, - combustion%20product

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many important pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate(PM-10) are combustion products often products of the burning of fuels such as coal, oil, gas and wood.  3, record 11, English, - combustion%20product

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx): The result of photochemical reactions of nitric oxide in ambient air; major component of photochemical smog. Product of combustion from transportation and stationary sources and a major contributor to the formation of ozone in the troposphere and to acid deposition.  2, record 11, English, - combustion%20product

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] produits toxiques résultant de la combustion [...] La fumée se compose de particules matérielles, consistant en particules solides très fines et en vapeurs condensées. Elle constitue la majeure partie des produits de combustion visibles lors d'un incendie. Le gaz est un produit de combustion qui demeure à l'état gazeux même lorsqu'il est refroidi aux températures normales du bâtiment. La vapeur est un produit de combustion qui naît à l'état gazeux mais qui redevient solide ou liquide à des températures normales.  2, record 11, French, - produit%20de%20combustion

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A single furnace unit designed to burn more than one type of fuel or energy source(electricity, gas, oil or wood) either separately or simultaneously, using either separate or common combustion chambers and flues.  2, record 12, English, - combination%20furnace

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Générateur de chaleur autonome conçu pour brûler plusieurs types de combustibles ou fonctionner avec plusieurs sources d'énergie (électricité, gaz ou bois), soit séparément soit simultanément, en utilisant des chambres de combustion et des conduits de cheminée distincts ou communs.  1, record 12, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20de%20chaleur%20mixte

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Warm Air Central Heating Systems. A warm air heating system, fueled by gas, electricity, oil or wood, does two jobs. First, heat is produced by burning the fuel in the combustion chamber or through electrical resistance. Second, heat is transferred through the heat exchanger and the distribution system to the living areas of the house.  1, record 13, English, - warm%20air%20central%20heating%20system

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sistema de [calefacción que] consiste en un calorífero central que calienta aire y lo distribuye mediante bocas de distribución abiertas en las paredes de las habitaciones.  1, record 13, Spanish, - calefacci%C3%B3n%20central%20por%20aire%20caliente

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The residue of mineral matter left after complete combustion of wood...  2, record 14, English, - wood%20ash

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The main components of wood ash are silica, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and potassium carbonate. Wood ash is used to heat acid soils. Various types of ash from burned plants provide fertilizers.  3, record 14, English, - wood%20ash

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Résidu d'origine minérale qui demeure après la combustion totale du bois.  2, record 14, French, - cendre%20de%20bois

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les cendres de bois, contenant, à l'état divisé, une grande quantité de potasse, de phosphate et de diverses substances alcalines, sont utilisées comme engrais [...]  1, record 14, French, - cendre%20de%20bois

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Residuo orgánico de la combustión de la madera, que se compone en su mayor parte de óxidos, carbonatos y fosfatos de calcio, potasio y magnesio, junto con otros compuestos.  1, record 14, Spanish, - ceniza%20de%20maderas

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The dark or black carbonaceous organic residue remaining after the incomplete combustion of organic fuel(coal, wood, oil, etc.).  2, record 15, English, - soot

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Soot gives smoke its colour.  3, record 15, English, - soot

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The ability to attract other substances makes soot not only prevalent, but dangerous.  4, record 15, English, - soot

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Particules solides, riches en carbone et résultant d'une combustion incomplète, en suspension dans les gaz de combustion.  3, record 15, French, - suies

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Leur dépôt sur les parois des conduits constitue «la suie».  3, record 15, French, - suies

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le terme anglais «soot» sert aussi bien à rendre la notion de particules solides (suies) que celle du dépôt de ces particules (suie).  4, record 15, French, - suies

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aglomeraciones de partículas ricas en carbono formadas durante la combustión incompleta de productos gaseosos.  1, record 15, Spanish, - holl%C3%ADn

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Densified Pellet Technology. Pellets are dried ground wood or other biomass waste compressed into small cylinders about 6 mm(1/4 in.) in diameter and 25 mm(1 in.) long. The pressure and heat created during their production binds the pellets together without the need for additives. Pellet-burning appliances include a hopper to hold at least 20 kg of fuel and a screw auger to move the pellets from the hopper into the combustion chamber. Pellets usually burn cleanly because they are fed to the combustion chamber at a controlled rate and are matched with the right amount of combustion air. These appliances are generally able to operate at lower emission levels than natural firewood appliances.  2, record 16, English, - densified%20pellet

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Particules de matière végétale sèche, broyées mécaniquement, dont la taille est d'environ 6 mm à 25 mm.  2, record 16, French, - granulat

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La matière végétale est [...] broyée, séchée, comprimée, jusqu'à 200 kg de pression et soumise à une température de 170°.  1, record 16, French, - granulat

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An enclosure in which a gaseous fuel is burned.  3, record 17, English, - gas%20furnace

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A warm air heating system, fueled by gas, electricity, oil or wood, does two jobs. First, heat is produced by burning the fuel in the combustion chamber or through electrical resistance. Second, heat is transferred through the heat exchanger and the distribution system to the living areas of the house.  4, record 17, English, - gas%20furnace

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Maison de fin de semaine (...) On peut prévoir aussi le chauffage par air chaud avec générateur à mazout ou à gaz et distributions par gaines.  4, record 17, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20d%27air%20chaud%20%C3%A0%20gaz

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fournaise : Ce terme est considéré comme impropre par les puristes. Selon Dagenais, dans son "Dictionnaire des difficultés de la langue française au Canada", "fournaise" serait un calque de l'anglais "furnace" et nous devrions plutôt dire "chaudière" lorsque le fluide caloporteur est l'eau ou la vapeur et "générateur d'air chaud", lorsque le fluide, est l'air. Cependant, ce terme reste d'usage fréquent au Québec, autant en langue parlée qu'en langue écrite.  5, record 17, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20d%27air%20chaud%20%C3%A0%20gaz

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Forestry Biomass Conversion Technologies.... Principal conversion technologies.... Direct Combustion. The most common method of recovering energy from wood is to simply burn the material in an excess of air and utilize the heat so produced.  3, record 18, English, - direct%20combustion

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Biomass-to-energy system falls to two principal categories: materials for direct combustion, that will generate heat for processing, for warming, living and working spaces, for steam and hence also for generating electricity; and materials from which both fuels and chemicals can be obtained through biochemical conversion processes.  4, record 18, English, - direct%20combustion

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La combustion directe de la matière végétale a été jusqu'au dix-huitième siècle la principale source d'énergie utilisée dans le monde. On tirait essentiellement parti du bois et de ses sous-produits (fagot) pour satisfaire des besoins domestiques (chauffage, cuisson des aliments) et industriels (chaleur, production de charbon de bois utilisé dans la métallurgie, etc...).  2, record 18, French, - combustion%20directe

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gasification is a thermal process to convert solid fuel into gasified fuel by non-stoichiometric, partial combustion.... The most established gasifier system is the down-draught gasifier. It produces an almost tar-free gas and can be constructed on a relatively large scale compared to other systems. Its disadvantage is the requirement for fuel preparation, which must be well cut, uniform wood or charcoal, with a moisture content not greater than 20%.  2, record 19, English, - downdraft%20gasifier

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The "downdraft" (or coflow) gasifiers ... used widely during World War II produce very little tar and oil and are much more practical in small sizes for producing clean gas. Air (oxygen) is introduced at nozzles or tuyères which form a complex reaction zone not amenable to scale-up or simple analysis.  3, record 19, English, - downdraft%20gasifier

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gazogènes [...] dans lesquels l'air est introduit sous la zone de combustion. La chaleur dégagée par la combustion produit la pyrolyse ou la distillation du bois placé au dessus, mais les pyroligneux et les goudrons produits sont contraints à descendre, à passer à travers la zone de charbon de bois en ignition; ils sont donc craqués, réduits à l'état de CO + H₂ essentiellement. Il n'y a pratiquement plus de pyroligneux, ni de goudron.  2, record 19, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20invers%C3%A9

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C'est ce type de gazéifeur (ou gazogène) qui a été utilisé sur les camions et les voitures durant la dernière guerre (type Imbert).  2, record 19, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20invers%C3%A9

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Wood space heaters. These are free standing devices attached to a vertical chimney by a flue pipe. Most are of controlled combustion or at airtight design.  1, record 20, English, - controlled%20combustion%20stove

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le poêle à bois NAPOLÉON [...] Combustion contrôlée - sa fabrication étanche supérieure vous permet de régler le débit de chaleur et la durée du feu. (Le Magazine Pleins feux, Vol. 3, no. 5, septembre 1987).  1, record 20, French, - po%C3%AAle%20%C3%A0%20combustion%20contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Boilers may be grouped into classes based on working pressure and temperature, fuel used, shape and size, usage (such as heating or process), steam or water, and in many other ways.  1, record 21, English, - fuel%20burning%20boiler

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By Fuel Used. Boilers may be designed to burn coal, wood, various grades of fuel oil, various types of fuel gas, or to operate as electric boilers. A boiler designed for one specific fuel type may not be convertible to another type of fuel. Some boiler designs can be adapted to burn coal, oil or gas. Several designs allow firing with oil or gas by burner conversion or by using a dual fuel burner.... Efficiency of fuel burning boilers is defined in two ways :combustion efficiency and overall efficiency. Electric boilers are, of course, nearly 100% efficient in transferring heat within the boiler.  1, record 21, English, - fuel%20burning%20boiler

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chaudières à combustibles. Elles comprennent : -une alimentation en combustible : porte de chargement ou alimentation automatique en charbon, arrivée du fuel ou du gaz; -un organe de combustion, grille à charbon, ou brûleur à fuel ou à gaz; -une entrée d'air; -une évacuation des fumées et des cendres; -une jaquette d'eau, pour les chaudières à eau chaude, ou une jaquette d'air pour les chaudières à air chaud; -une jaquette calorifugée destinée à limiter les pertes dans la chaufferie; -des organes de contrôle et de régulation.  1, record 21, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chaudière : Certains auteurs incluent l'air dans les types de fluide caloporteur de la chaudière. En général, on réserve ce terme pour désigner l'appareil utilisant l'eau ou la vapeur comme fluide caloporteur.  2, record 21, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In fuel-burning furnaces, the combustion takes place within a metal-walled heat exchanger and the circulating air passes over the outside surfaces of the heat exchanger so that it does not contact the fuel or the products of combustion. The products of combustion are conveyed to the outside atmosphere through a flue or vent.  1, record 22, English, - fuel%2Dburning%20furnace

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A warm air heating system, fueled by gas, electricity, oil or wood, does two jobs. First, heat is produced by burning the fuel in the combustion chamber or through electrical resistance. Second, heat is transferred through the heat exchanger and the distribution system to the living areas of the house.  2, record 22, English, - fuel%2Dburning%20furnace

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gravity furnace [which burns coal, wood, oil or gas] in which the entire heat output is delivered through one opening directly above the combustion chamber. Return air enters the unit through grille work around the perimeter of the outlet grille.  2, record 23, English, - pipeless%20furnace

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pipeless Furnaces: These are essentially gravity warm air furnaces that are not connected to ducts. The furnace is mounted directly under the space to be heated. All the air heated in its outer jacket is discharged through a register above the heat exchanger. They are used for heating small homes and other small one-story properties.  3, record 23, English, - pipeless%20furnace

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La fournaise sans tuyauterie représente la forme la plus simple de chauffage à air chaud par gravité. L'appareil de chauffage est installé sous le plancher de la pièce habitée et l'air réchauffé est libéré par une seule bouche d'air percée au centre du plancher. L'air frais de retour pénètre dans une ouverture circulaire qui entoure la bouche d'air chaud.  1, record 23, French, - fournaise%20sans%20tuyauterie

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fournaise : Ce terme est considéré comme impropre par les puristes. Selon Dagenais, dans son "Dictionnaire des difficultés de la langue française du Canada", "fournaise" serait un calque de l'anglais "furnace" et nous devrions plutôt dire "chaudière" lorsque le fluide caloporteur est l'eau ou la vapeur et "générateur d'air chaud", lorsque le fluide, est l'air. Cependant, ce terme reste d'usage fréquent au Québec, autant en langue parlée qu'en langue écrite.  2, record 23, French, - fournaise%20sans%20tuyauterie

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In general any form of more or less pure carbon produced by incomplete combustion or destructive distillation of vegetable matter, wood, vines, wine lees.  2, record 24, English, - vegetable%20black

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vegetable black ... [is] any of various black pigments resembling lampblacks but made by charring vegetable matter ... and used chiefly in printing inks, cements, and mortars.  3, record 24, English, - vegetable%20black

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Noirs végétaux. Ils sont obtenus par calcination, en vase clos, de déchets d'origine végétale (déchets de bois et de liège, noyaux de pêche, sarments de vigne). Leur fabrication est peu développée. Le bois de campêche donne avec certains sels de fer des laques noires qui ont été utilisées pour l'impression des papiers peints.  3, record 24, French, - noir%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tal

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Noir végétal [...] Caractères physiques - Charbon de bois broyé en poudre fine. Usages - Peinture.  2, record 24, French, - noir%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tal

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Controlled combustion wood stoves have been shown to have a significant degree of incompleteness of combustion and corresponding high emissions.  1, record 25, English, - controlled%20combustion%20wood%20stove

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On a observé qu'avec les poêles à bois à feu continu la combustion était très incomplète, ce qui se traduisait par un taux d'émissions élevé.  1, record 25, French, - po%C3%AAle%20%C3%A0%20bois%20%C3%A0%20feu%20continu

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Atmospheric Recirculating Fluidized Bed Combustion(ARFBC) is a second generation FBC technology with applications including the combustion of unreactive and high sulfur fuels, whereby rejects, wood wastes and solid fuels with a high percentage of fines can be utilized.  1, record 26, English, - atmospheric%20recirculating%20fluidized%20bed%20combustion

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La combustion en lit fluidisé à pression atmosphérique, avec recirculation, est une technique de CLF de deuxième génération dont les applications comprennent la combustion de combustibles non réactifs à haute teneur en soufre, ce qui permet d'utiliser les rejets, les déchets de bois et les combustibles solides contenant un grand pourcentage de fines.  1, record 26, French, - combustion%20en%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20pression%20atmosph%C3%A9rique%20avec%20recirculation

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Low energy gas(LEG) is produced by air gasification processes where a portion of the input wood(about 20 percent) is combusted with air to provide process heat. LEG can be used to displace fossil fuels by retrofitting oil or gas-fired boilers, kilns, dryers and space heaters. In addition, it can be cooled and cleaned for use in internal combustion engines to generate shaft power or electricity. Due to the low energy content, economics dictate that the gas be used immediately and not piped great distances.  1, record 27, English, - low%20energy%20gas

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

EMR is also assessing the prospects for commercialization of fluidized-bed combustion(FBC)--a technology that would allow coal, wood and other feedstocks to be burnt with greatly reduced environmental impact. The Department is supporting the construction of a $13. 1 million FBC heating plant....  1, record 28, English, - FBC%20heating%20plant

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Forced Air Wood Furnaces. Central wood-burning furnaces are controlled by a wall mounted thermostat in the living area. Temperature and fan controls are the same as those found on oil and gas furnaces. Unlike room heaters, which produce a steady heat output by periodic manual adjustments of the draft control, most wood furnaces operate in cycles. A cycle starts with the thermostat sensing that heat is needed in the room where it is located. It signals the furnace control system which opens the combustion air damper and a hot fire develops. When the air inside the furnace's sheet metal casing gets hot, a preset fan control starts the circulating blower and the warm air is moved through the ducts to all areas of the house.  1, record 29, English, - forced%20air%20wood%20furnace

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pyrolysis is the physical and chemical decomposition of organic matter brought about by the action of heat in the absence of oxygen... Most wood gasification systems commonly referred to as involving "pyrolysis" involve true pyrolysis as but one reaction in a multi-stage process with oxygen or air combustion being used to generate the necessary heat in another part of the reactor.  1, record 30, English, - wood%20gasification%20system

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Wood densification. Wood waste can be dried and pressed into pellets and logs, thereby making transportation more economic than for loose waste, and also rendering the wood more suitable for combustion in certain furnaces. Densification itself is only one step in the process of recovery of energy from wood waste.  1, record 31, English, - wood%20densification

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The process of making densified wood consists of filling or closing the voids in the cellular wood structure, accompanied by compression under heat. This process adds hardness, increased strength, greater durability, and dimensional stability.  3, record 31, English, - wood%20densification

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action de densifier (le bois).  1, record 31, French, - densification

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Densifier: Augmenter la densité (du bois) en la soumettant à de grandes pressions sur toute sa surface.  1, record 31, French, - densification

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish