TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A radial splitting in the stem of a tree as a result of internal stresses set up by excessive drying of the wood, following drought.  1, record 1, English, - drought%20crack

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rajadura radial en el tronco de un árbol originada por la contractura de tejidos leñosos por estrés hídrico de un período seco.  3, record 1, Spanish, - fenda%20de%20sequ%C3%ADa

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A material of paste-like consistency, drying to the appearance of wood, used for filling holes and open joints in wood.  3, record 2, English, - Plastic%20Wood

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Plastic Wood; wood putty: terms officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  4, record 2, English, - Plastic%20Wood

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mastic composé de sciure de bois et de colle forte, servant à boucher les trous du bois.  2, record 2, French, - fut%C3%A9e

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

futée : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  3, record 2, French, - fut%C3%A9e

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

wood drying : term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Report.  2, record 3, English, - wood%20drying

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

séchage du bois : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques.  2, record 3, French, - s%C3%A9chage%20du%20bois

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

wood refining, screening and drying : term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Black Carbon Inventory.  2, record 4, English, - wood%20refining%2C%20screening%20and%20drying

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

raffinage, tamisage et séchage du bois : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'inventaire de carbone noir.  2, record 4, French, - raffinage%2C%20tamisage%20et%20s%C3%A9chage%20du%20bois

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A partial split along the grain or against the grain of a wood surface caused by too rapid drying or from repeated or severe fluctuations in humidity.  1, record 5, English, - check

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fente partielle dans le fil ou le contre-fil d'une pièce de bois, causée par le séchage trop rapide du bois ou par des fluctuations importantes ou répétées de l'humidité.  1, record 5, French, - fissure

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gloeophyllum sepiarium... fan-shaped and often in tiered groups, corky; upper surface coarsely concentrically ridged and radially wrinkled, softly hairy at first later bristly, indistinctly zoned maroon to rusty darkening with age towards the point of attachment, lighter, even bright rusty-orange near the margin. Flesh rusty-brown... Gills densely and radially arranged and often fusing together irregularly giving a maze-like appearance, light ochraceous-rust drying tobacco-brown... Habitat on coniferous trees or timber causing an intensive brown rot which rapidly destroys the infected wood.  1, record 6, English, - conifer%20mazegill

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Inedible mushroom.  3, record 6, English, - conifer%20mazegill

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tramète sépia. [...] Il est de couleur fauve plus ou moins vive, puis, à mesure qu'il vieillit, il devient bai foncé, marron, bistré ou sépia, d'où son nom vulgaire. La marge du chapeau reste fauve jaunâtre. Les lamelles sont minces, rigides et serrées [...] Cette espèce fait son habitat privilégié du bois travaillé - planches et piquets de conifères [...] et c'est sur les barrières des pâturages où elle s'établit aussi très souvent qu'on a le plus de chances de la rencontrer. Elle croît rarement en forêt, mais on la rencontre parfois sur des troncs de conifères morts. Elle provoque une pourriture rouge, sèche, très active.  2, record 6, French, - lenzite%20des%20cl%C3%B4tures

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Champignon non comestible.  3, record 6, French, - lenzite%20des%20cl%C3%B4tures

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The gradual extrusion of nails or spikes from the wood into which they have been driven, as a result of intermittent stresses developing during drying and wetting.  3, record 7, English, - popping

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Saillie progressive des clous ou des chevilles hors du bois dans lequel ils avaient été enfoncés, sous l'effet de contraintes intermittentes qui se développent pendant des alternances de dessiccation et d'humidification.  1, record 7, French, - remont%C3%A9e%20des%20clous

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The moisture content of wood is normally expressed as a percentage, and is calculated as : the difference between the weight of a sample of wet(green) wood and the weight of the same sample after oven drying(to remove all moisture), divided by the oven-dry weight, all multiplied by 100.  1, record 8, English, - moisture%20content%20of%20wood

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pourcentage de la masse d'eau présente dans le bois, divisée par la masse de matières sèches.  1, record 8, French, - teneur%20en%20eau%20du%20bois

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de humedad en la madera, generalmente expresada en porcentaje del peso de la madera seca.  1, record 8, Spanish, - contenido%20de%20humedad%20en%20la%20madera

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A frame work equipped with wheels that supports a load of lumber or other wood products for kiln drying.  2, record 9, English, - kiln%20truck

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Used in track-type dry kilns.  2, record 9, English, - kiln%20truck

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plateforme sur roues employée pour le chargement du bois devant être séché dans un séchoir.  2, record 9, French, - chariot%20de%20s%C3%A9choir

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «charriot».  3, record 9, French, - chariot%20de%20s%C3%A9choir

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

charriot : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  4, record 9, French, - chariot%20de%20s%C3%A9choir

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Failure of cells in wood, usually caused by abnormal drying.  2, record 10, English, - collapse

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Retrait excessif et irrégulier dans des pièces de bois durant la saison chaude et sèche.  1, record 10, French, - d%C3%A9formation%20par%20surdessiccation

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Wood which has been subjected to air drying.  1, record 11, English, - air%20dried%20wood

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Air dried wood may be expected to have moisture content in the range 17-23% depending upon climate.  1, record 11, English, - air%20dried%20wood

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] bois qui a été séché en plein air, par opposition à un bois qui a été séché dans un séchoir [et dont l'humidité est comprise entre 17 % et 23 %].  3, record 11, French, - bois%20sec%20%C3%A0%20l%27air

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrairement à la règle empirique invoquée autrefois (1 an par cm d'épaisseur), la durée du séchage à l'air est variable avec les conditions climatiques et dépend, par la suite, de la saison d'empilage.  4, record 11, French, - bois%20sec%20%C3%A0%20l%27air

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

bois sec à l'air : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  5, record 11, French, - bois%20sec%20%C3%A0%20l%27air

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pasta products were hand-processed until the early 18th century when the first mechanical pasta making equipment, mainly made from wood, was introduced. During the early 1900s, efficient equipment comprising of mixers, kneaders, hydraulic extrusion presses, and drying cabinets were introduced. Use of continuous extruders started in Italy and Switzerland in 1934. The first continuous and automatic production line, which processed semolina into dried spaghetti or macaroni, ready for packaging, was designed and built by a Swiss firm in 1946.  3, record 12, English, - hydraulic%20extrusion%20press

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le principe de l'extrusion était déjà utilisé au XIXe siècle dans les fabrications alimentaires (presses hydrauliques pour former les pâtes alimentaires par exemple).  2, record 12, French, - presse%20hydraulique%20%C3%A0%20extrusion

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principal processes in lumber and wood products include debarking, log processing, drying, product fabrication, and finishing.  1, record 13, English, - log%20processing

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

De plus, les usines de sciages n'acceptaient que des billes de 20 à 25 centimètres au fin bout tandis qu'aujourd'hui, la technologie des nouvelles usines permet la transformation de billes de faibles diamètres et de longueurs plus courtes.  2, record 13, French, - transformation%20de%20billes

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A wood treating facility normally consists of a wood or log preparation area, process building with pressure vessels, and numerous chemical storage tanks, drip or drying areas and a roofed wood storage area. Wood was treated with a preservative compound which was injected using a steam and pressure or dipping process.  4, record 14, English, - wood%20treating%20facility

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au Canada, les types d'agents de conservation les plus communs utilisés dans le traitement du bois sont les pentachlorophénols (PCP), les créosotes et les arséniates de cuivre et de chrome (ACC) [...] Ce sont principalement les travailleurs dans les scieries et dans les installations de traitement du bois qui sont exposés aux PCP.  3, record 14, French, - installation%20de%20traitement%20du%20bois

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

After retting and drying the flax plants are put through a machine with tightly interlocking fluted rollers to break up the wood core. Scutching now follows to remove the wood or shive from the fibre. This is a beating process previously done on the scutcher's wheel, but now carried out on a turbine scutcher as a continuous process, part of a factory system.  1, record 15, English, - turbine%20scutcher

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Serigraphic] ink with physical drying intended for printing on porestopped or lacquered wood(toys) and on hard board(display racks, kegs).  2, record 16, English, - cellulose%20ink

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Serigraphic inks] can be used in the toy industry.  2, record 16, English, - cellulose%20ink

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Encre [sérigraphique] à séchage physique d'aspect mat, destinée à l'impression sur polystyrène et A.B.S. [acrylonitrile-butadiène-styrène]  2, record 16, French, - encre%20cellulosique

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Les encres sérigraphiques] peuvent être utilisées dans l'industrie du jouet.  2, record 16, French, - encre%20cellulosique

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A small sawed square of wood from which spools and other small items are turned after drying.  2, record 17, English, - spoolwood

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Petite section équarrie de bois avec laquelle on fabrique des bobines et d'autres petits articles tournés après séchage du bois.  2, record 17, French, - bois%20%C3%A0%20bobines

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A wood kiln that] uses a vacuum process to reduce the temperature at which water will "boil" from the wood [so that the] drying rate is reduced...  1, record 18, English, - vacuum%20kiln

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Séchoir à bois qui] utilise un procédé sous vide pour réduire la température à laquelle l'eau s'évaporera du bois [ce qui] permet d'accélérer le séchage [...]  3, record 18, French, - s%C3%A9choir%20sous%20vide

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Stress found in the interior regions of wood during the early stages of drying, caused by the shrinking of the outer shell...  2, record 19, English, - compressive%20stress

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Contrainte dans la partie intérieure du bois durant les premiers stades du séchage, causée par le retrait de la partie extérieure [...]  1, record 19, French, - contrainte%20de%20compression

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A strip of wood placed as a spacer between tiers of lumber during drying so as to permit airflow through the pile.  2, record 20, English, - sticker

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mince pièce de bois utilisée pour séparer les lits de bois dans une pile durant le séchage, de façon à faciliter la circulation de l'air.  2, record 20, French, - baguette

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The stress in the interior layers [of wood which occurs] later in drying as they try to shrink and are restrained by the set outer shell.  2, record 21, English, - tensile%20stress

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Contrainte dans les couches intérieures [du bois] occasionnée plus tard au cours du séchage quand elles essaient de se rétracter et sont restreintes par la stabilisation de la couche extérieure.  1, record 21, French, - contrainte%20de%20tension

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Freshly sawed wood, or wood that has received no drying; unseasoned wood.  1, record 22, English, - green%20wood

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lumber that may have become wet to above the fiber saturation point may be referred to as being in the "green condition".  1, record 22, English, - green%20wood

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] bois qui n'a pas perdu son humidité naturelle depuis qu'il a été coupé.  2, record 22, French, - bois%20vert

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An endless belt, or hot-plate dryer used for drying thin sheets of wood that are held relatively flat and subjected to high temperatures.  2, record 23, English, - veneer%20dryer

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil à plaques chauffantes ou à courroie sans fin utilisé pour sécher de minces feuilles de bois reposant à plat et soumises à très haute température.  3, record 23, French, - s%C3%A9choir%20de%20placages

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Every subject of Her Majesty may, for the purpose of landing, salting, curing and drying fish, use, and cut wood on, vacant public property that by law is common and accessory to public rights of fishery and navigation.  1, record 24, English, - vacant%20public%20property

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tout sujet de Sa Majesté peut utiliser des terrains publics vacants, dont l'usage est par la loi commun et inhérent au droit public de pêche et de navigation, pour y débarquer, saler, préparer et faire sécher le poisson, et y couper du bois à ces fins.  1, record 24, French, - terrain%20public%20vacant

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A strip of wood used as a sticker in drying veneers or plywood.  1, record 25, English, - drying%20finger

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étroite bande de bois utilisée comme baguette pour séparer les feuilles de placage ou de contreplaqué en cours de séchage.  1, record 25, French, - latte%20d%27empilage

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The point in drying wood at which all free moisture has been removed from the cell itself while the cell wall remains saturated with absorbed moisture.  5, record 26, English, - fiber%20saturation%20point

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It usually is taken as 25% to 30% moisture content, based on oven dry weight.  6, record 26, English, - fiber%20saturation%20point

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

fibre-saturation point: term reproduced with the permission of the copyright holder, CSA International, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3. However, CSA International shall not be responsible for the manner in which the information is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof. This CSA International material may not have been updated to reflect amendments subsequently made to the original content. For further information, contact CSA International.  7, record 26, English, - fiber%20saturation%20point

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Degré d'humidité du bois lorsque toute l'eau libre en est extraite et que les parois des cellules sont encore saturées.  3, record 26, French, - point%20de%20saturation%20des%20fibres

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Au-delà de ce point, toute perte additionnelle d'eau se traduit par une variation dimensionnelle du bois.  4, record 26, French, - point%20de%20saturation%20des%20fibres

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

point de saturation des fibres : terme retenu par le Comité technique de la terminologie française du bois de l'Association canadienne de normalisation.  5, record 26, French, - point%20de%20saturation%20des%20fibres

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... moisture-free wood ...  3, record 27, English, - B%2ED%2E%20wood

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... wood is said to be bone dry when it ceases to lose weight after drying in an oven at 100°C.  4, record 27, English, - B%2ED%2E%20wood

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

anhydre : Qualifie un bois qui a été séché jusqu'à ce que son poids reste constant dans une étuve aérée, à une température supérieure à celle du point d'ébullition de l'eau, généralement à 103 [+ ou -]2 °C.  2, record 27, French, - bois%20anhydre

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In wood, internal stress caused by the mutual restraint from shrinkage of adjacent layers during drying.  2, record 28, English, - drying%20stress

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Contrainte interne occasionnée pendant le séchage par les différences de retrait entre les couches adjacentes du bois.  2, record 28, French, - contrainte%20de%20s%C3%A9chage

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any type of machine based on the principle of rotation, used in the drying of moist and semidry wood particles.  2, record 29, English, - rotary%20dryer

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rotary dryers can be broken down into three types: three-pass, double-pass, and single-pass. A number of designs of this third type have been popular in the past but their use has been superseded by the three-pass and the fixed horizontal dryer. It appears, however, that this trend is reversing with more single-pass dryers going into use.  4, record 29, English, - rotary%20dryer

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A wood seasoning process designed to accelerate drying rates by increasing the movement of air, sometimes heated but lacking humidity control, through open stacks or loads of timber with the aid of fans.  2, record 30, English, - forced%2Dair%20drying

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de séchage du bois permettant de régler la vitesse de séchage grâce à un mouvement ± accéléré de l'air, parfois chauffé, à travers les chargements de bois; ce mouvement accéléré est obtenu à l'aide de ventilateurs.  1, record 30, French, - s%C3%A9chage%20%C3%A0%20ventilation%20forc%C3%A9e

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pressure/vacuum processes in which the air in the timber is maintained at or above atmospheric pressure before injection of the preservative under pressure, after which a vacuum is drawn, both to remove liquid preservative from the cells of the wood and to ensure surface drying.  1, record 31, English, - empty%2Dcell%20process

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédés d'imprégnation du bois par action combinée de la pression et du vide, en autoclave, en trois phases successives : le lot de bois placé dans l'autoclave est d'abord soumis à une certaine pression ensuite le produit de préservation est introduit dans l'autoclave sous la même pression, puis la pression est augmentée puis maintenue jusqu'à une valeur spécifiée pendant un temps déterminé; enfin le retour à la pression atmosphérique permet à l'air initialement comprimé dans le bois de chasser en se détendant l'excès de produit de préservation; après vidange du produit hors de l'autoclave l'application d'un vide final (vide de ressuyage) permet d'assécher au moins partiellement la surface des pièces de bois imprégnées.  1, record 31, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20cellules%20vides

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Of wood dried to constant weight in a ventilated oven at a temperature above the boiling point of water, generally 103 [+ or -] 2C°.  1, record 32, English, - oven%2Ddry

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... wood is said to be bone dry when it ceases to lose weight after drying in an oven at 100°C.  4, record 32, English, - oven%2Ddry

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bone dry: According to the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources in its publication: "Tree Power. An Assessment of the Energy Potential of Forest Biomass in Canada", 1978, p. 35, oven-dry wood has a higher moisture content (8%) than bone dry wood (0%).  6, record 32, English, - oven%2Ddry

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qualifie le bois qui a été séché au four à 103° [+ ou -] 2 °C (207° [+ ou -] 4 °F) jusqu'à ce que son poids reste constant.  2, record 32, French, - anhydre

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Wood brought to curved shapes by bending it while plasticized by moist heat or other agency, and then set by cooling and drying, with or without special finishing.  1, record 33, English, - bentwood

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bois bombé par une opération de chauffage humide suivie d'un séchage au froid.  2, record 33, French, - bois%20cintr%C3%A9

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Retort technology... charcoal processes... The Lambiotte continuous carbonization process is related to the multi-stage type reactor.... Wood is fed continuously through a vertical cylinder into a retort. There, it undergoes three different treatments, moving slowly down to the bottom of the retort. In the first, it is dried, in the second, the charcoal process takes place, and in the third, charcoal is cooled. For the drying stage, pyroligneous gases are removed from the carbonization zone and fanned to the drying zone where they burn with a controlled supply of air. For the cooling stage, gases are removed from under the carbonization stage, where tars have been cracked, and reinjected at the bottom of the retort after having crossed a water cooled system. The sufficiently cooled charcoal is extracted from the bottom of the retort. The level of raw material inside the retort is kept at the maximum height possible. The excess of gas(50%) is generally flared off but can be directed through a by-product recovery system as for the Sific process. The process is fully automated.  1, record 34, English, - Lambiotte%20continuous%20carbonization%20process

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le procédé Lambiotte représente sans doute la technique la plus perfectionnée de pyrolyse du bois. Il opère en continu avec circulation externe de gaz de chauffage [...] Les gaz, au contraire du procédé Reichert, circulent en montant à contre-courant du bois. Il y a une zone de séchage et préchauffage, une zone de carbonisation exothermique puis une zone de refroidissement. Les gaz qui s'échappent par le haut sont refroidis, condensés, lavés. Les calories du charbon de bois sont en partie récupérées et le bilan matière comme le bilan énergétique sont particulièrement bien calculés dans ce procédé. Il faut toutefois utiliser du bois bien sec pour consommer le minimum de chauffage et d'énergie électrique (ventilateurs).  1, record 34, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Lambiotte

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... charcoal processes.... the Lambiotte continuous carbonization process is related to the multi-stage type reactor.... Wood is fed continuously through a vertical cylinder into a retort. There, it undergoes three different treatments, moving slowly down to the bottom of the retort. In the first, it is dried, in the second, the charcoal process takes place, and in the third, charcoal is cooled. For the drying stage, pyroligneous gases are removed from the carbonization zone and fanned to the drying zone where they burn with a controlled supply of air. For the cooling stage, gases are removed from under the carbonization stage, where tars have been cracked, and reinjected at the bottom of the retort after having crossed a water cooled system. The sufficiently cooled charcoal is extracted from the bottom of the retort.  1, record 35, English, - Lambiotte%20retort

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Four Lambiotte : Appareil pour la distillation du bois avec récupération de l'acide acétique et des méthylènes.  1, record 35, French, - chambre%20du%20four%20Lambiotte

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hydrolysis with Hydrogen Chloride Gas.... A variation of the use of concentrated hydrochloric acid combined with hydrogen chloride is the process of Hereng. Here, wood chips are impregnated with 30% hydrochloric acid in a mixer and then transferred by a conveyor into the reactor. Because the chips are not predried, the acid concentration in them is reduced to 20%. The reactor consists of a hexagonal upright vessel equipped with numerous inclined trays. The impregnated wood is moved from the top toward the bottom by means of a vibrator and thus the prehydrolysis is completed after 45 minutes. The acid, containing chiefly pentoses, is filtered off and part of it is returned to the mixer. In this way, the sugar concentration in the prehydrolyzate is increased to about 20% to 25%. In a second step, the material, which has again been mixed with 30% hydrochloric acid, is passed through the reactor and hydrogen chloride gas is injected at the bottom in a countercurrent. In this way, the acid concentration is increased to 40% to 41% or more. The hydrolyzed material is conveyed from the bottom of the reactor to a drying chamber and is dried there with anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas which has previously been passed through a calcium chloride solution. The hydrolyzed material, consisting of lignin and sugar, is extracted with water and the sugar solution is subjected to a posthydrolysis.  1, record 36, English, - Hereng%20process

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plusieurs pays continuent à faire des recherches pour améliorer l'hydrolyse chimique. Le procédé Hereng utilisant l'acide chlorhydrique gazeux permet d'atteindre un meilleur rendement en sucre et de récupérer l'acide.  1, record 36, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Hereng

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

One of the pieces of wood resembling laths that are used to suspend leaves and stalks of tobacco in curing barns and to suspend hands of tobacco in drying machines.  3, record 37, English, - tobacco%20stick

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) les tiges sont groupées par deux et placées ainsi à cheval sur des perches ou des cordes dans les hangars. (CATAB, Vol. 1, p. 336).  1, record 37, French, - perche

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Bâtonnet de tabac" est employé aux fins de la TPS.  2, record 37, French, - perche

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process used in the pulp and paper industry. Electrically produced mechanical energy is used to steam and refine wood chips into pulp. The steaming process softens the wood chips with the result that the pulp produced is of a higher quality than that obtained from other processes. Recovered steam may be used for space heating or for drying pulp fibres.  1, record 38, English, - thermo%2Dmechanical%20pulping%20process

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique utilisée dans l'industrie des pâtes et papiers. L'énergie mécanique produite par l'électricité sert à traiter à la vapeur les copeaux de bois et à les raffiner pour les transformer en pâte. La vapeur attendrit les copeaux de bois, ce qui permet de produire une pâte de qualité supérieure à celles obtenues par d'autres techniques. La vapeur récupérée peut servir au chauffage de locaux ou au séchage des fibres de pâte.  1, record 38, French, - technique%20thermom%C3%A9canique%20de%20la%20production%20de%20p%C3%A2tes

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish