TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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The natural resource sector covers both primary industries and resource-based manufacturing industries. We include in the natural resource sector the following industries : forestry, logging; fishing and hunting and trapping; mining and oil and gas extraction; electrical power generation, transmission and distribution; natural gas distribution; seafood; wood products; paper manufacturing; non-metallic mineral products; primary metals; and fabricated metal products.  2, record 1, English, - natural%20resource%20sector

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Le secteur des ressources naturelles comprend tant les industries primaires que les industries manufacturières axées sur les ressources naturelles. Nous incluons dans le secteur des ressources naturelles les industries suivantes : foresterie, exploitation forestière; pêche, chasse et piégeage; extraction minière et extraction de pétrole et de gaz; production, transmission et distribution d'électricité; distribution de gaz naturel; fruits de mer; produits du bois; fabrication de papier; produits minéraux non métalliques; métaux de première transformation; fabrication de produits métalliques.  2, record 1, French, - secteur%20des%20ressources%20naturelles

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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... land use activities can also result in GHG [greenhouse gas] removals. For example, as forests recover and trees grow, carbon is removed from the atmosphere and converted into wood by trees, a process known as biologic carbon sequestration.  1, record 2, English, - biologic%20carbon%20sequestration

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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[...] les activités d'utilisation des terres peuvent aussi entraîner des absorptions de GES [gaz à effet de serre]. Par exemple, à mesure que les forêts se rétablissent et que les arbres se développent, le carbone est retiré de l'atmosphère et transformé en bois par les arbres, un processus connu sous le nom de séquestration biologique du carbone.  1, record 2, French, - s%C3%A9questration%20biologique%20du%20carbone

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Fuels and illuminants are naturally occurring or manufactured substances, solid, liquid, or gaseous, composed largely of carbon and hydrogen molecules, that catch fire in the presence of oxygen. Naturally occurring examples include wood, lignite, black coal, peat, petroleum, and natural gas.  2, record 3, English, - illuminant

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Substances qui sont susceptibles de se dilater subitement généralement en produisant de la chaleur et une variation importante de la pression dès l'allumage : pièces pyrotechniques, explosifs détonants et agents propulsifs, allumeur, amorce, initiateur, pains éclairants, fusées fumigènes, feux-pièges et dispositifs incendiaires.  2, record 3, French, - pain%20%C3%A9clairant

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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Fuel produced from cellulosic materials, crop residues and agricultural and municipal wastes.  4, record 4, English, - second%2Dgeneration%20biofuel

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Second-generation biofuels use advanced technical processes and can be made from any lignocellulosic biomass feedstock, such as forest and crop residues, wood chips, food waste, municipal solid waste, chicken litter, straw and algae. Evidence shows that these fuels tend to offer lower full life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions than first-generation biofuels...  5, record 4, English, - second%2Dgeneration%20biofuel

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Since the main component of these biomass materials is cellulose, second-generation biofuels are also known as cellulosic fuels ... Other than cellulosic ethanol, which is the principal second-generation biofuel, biomethanol, dimethyl ether, biohydrogen, synthetic diesel and synthetic gasoline are also emerging from the ... biomass materials.  6, record 4, English, - second%2Dgeneration%20biofuel

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There is considerable debate on how to classify biofuels. Biofuels are commonly divided into first-, second- and third-generation biofuels, but the same fuel might be classified differently depending on whether technology maturity, GHG [greenhouse gas] emission balance or the feedstock is used to guide the distinction.  7, record 4, English, - second%2Dgeneration%20biofuel

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Carburant produit à partir de matières cellulosiques, de résidus agricoles et de déchets agricoles et municipaux.  5, record 4, French, - biocarburant%20de%20seconde%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

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Les biocarburants de seconde génération : la seconde génération de biocarburants est issue de source ligno-cellulosique (bois, feuilles, paille, etc.) à partir de processus techniques avancés. Au lieu d'utiliser les graines ou les tubercules des plantes comme dans la première génération, les nouveaux procédés cherchent à améliorer le bilan énergétique en utilisant toute la plante.  6, record 4, French, - biocarburant%20de%20seconde%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

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Principales méthodes de production des biocarburants de seconde génération : production par voie thermochimique (gazéification) : la gazéification est un procédé technologique complexe qui permet de transformer de la biomasse en gaz (essentiellement de l'hydrogène et du monoxyde de carbone). Ce procédé thermochimique est obtenu dans des conditions de températures et de pression élevées (environ 1000 °C et 40 bars); production par voie biochimique : la biomasse (de type lignocellulosique) est transformée en sucre par des enzymes. Le sucre ainsi produit est ensuite transformé en éthanol par un procédé de fermentation.  6, record 4, French, - biocarburant%20de%20seconde%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

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biocarburant de deuxième génération : terme publié au Journal officiel de la République française le 19 septembre 2018.  7, record 4, French, - biocarburant%20de%20seconde%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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APPrO is a non-profit organization representing more than 100 companies involved in the generation of electricity in Ontario, including generators and suppliers of services, equipment and consulting services. APPrO members produce power from co-generation, hydro-electric, gas, coal, nuclear, wind energy, waste wood and other sources. APPrO focuses 100% on the business issues of power producers in Ontario.  3, record 5, English, - Association%20of%20Power%20Producers%20of%20Ontario

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APPrO’s mission is "To promote the interests of electricity generators within a truly open and competitive power industry in Ontario."  3, record 5, English, - Association%20of%20Power%20Producers%20of%20Ontario

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Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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... the technology can treat a wide range of contaminated matrices : soil, sediment, liquid, gas, industrial effluent, landfill leachate, sludge from aerated lagoons, PCB-contaminated waste, chlorinated solvents, contaminated oils and waste from the dry cleaning industries, from wood treating plants, paint factories, pulp and paper mills, chemical plants and plastics plants.  2, record 6, English, - landfill%20leachate

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landfill leachate: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’environnement” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  3, record 6, English, - landfill%20leachate

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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lixiviat; percolat; produit de lixiviation : Mélange constitué du liquide d'infiltration et des parties du milieu traversé - substances solubles et fines particules - qui ont été entraînées.  1, record 6, French, - lixiviat%20de%20d%C3%A9charge

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lixiviat de décharge : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’environnement» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 6, French, - lixiviat%20de%20d%C3%A9charge

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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[Boiler Classifications] By Fuel Used. Boilers may be designed to burn coal, wood, various grades of fuel oil, various types of fuel gas, or to operate as electric boilers. A boiler designed for one specific fuel type may not be convertible to another type of fuel. Some boiler designs can be adapted to burn coal, oil or gas.... Coal-fired heating boilers have generally been unavailable due to lack of demand; however, recent demand has resulted in the re-introduction of coal-fired designs.  2, record 7, English, - coal%2Dfired%20boiler

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coal-fired boiler: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Black Carbon Inventory.  4, record 7, English, - coal%2Dfired%20boiler

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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Les chaudières à charbon. [...] Elles comportent : un foyer constitué par une grille supportant le combustible et au-dessous, un récipient pour recueillir les cendres, le cendrier. Le foyer est entouré par une enveloppe à double paroi (échangeur) qui contient le fluide chauffant. Le combustible, brûlant dans le foyer, transmet sa chaleur au fluide par l'intermédiaire des parois.  3, record 7, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20charbon

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générateur; chaudière : Certains auteurs semblent employer indifféremment ces termes, peu importe l'importance de l'appareil. Cependant, de façon générale, «générateur» serait réservé aux «appareils de chauffage de très grande importance»; dans d'autres cas, le terme «générateur», prendrait le sens général «d'appareil qui produit de la chaleur».  4, record 7, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20charbon

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

chaudière à charbon : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'inventaire de carbone noir.  5, record 7, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20charbon

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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The majority of fuels encountered are organic and contain carbon and combinations of hydrogen and oxygen in varying ratios. In some cases, nitrogen will be present; examples include wood, plastics, gasoline, alcohol, and natural gas.  2, record 8, English, - fuel

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fuel: term and definition standardized by the British Standards Institution.  3, record 8, English, - fuel

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fuel: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Black Carbon Inventory.  4, record 8, English, - fuel

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Les carburants sont des produits (solides, liquides ou gazeux) qui, associés à un comburant (en général l'oxygène de l'air) dégagent, sous certaines conditions, par combinaison chimique, une énergie calorifique transformable [...]  2, record 8, French, - carburant

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À l'origine, la dénomination «carburant» était réservée aux produits utilisés dans les moteurs classiques à allumage commandé muni d'un carburateur et d'un système d'allumage par étincelle. Le terme «carburant» s'applique maintenant à l'ensemble des produits alimentant les divers types de moteurs (moteur classique à essence, moteur Diesel, réacteurs d'avion).  3, record 8, French, - carburant

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carburant : terme normalisé par l'Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF) et par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'inventaire de carbone noir.  4, record 8, French, - carburant

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carburant : terme uniformisé par les Comités d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes et Maintenance.  5, record 8, French, - carburant

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Combustible utilizado en motores de explosión o de combustión.  2, record 8, Spanish, - carburante

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El carburante es un líquido o un gas lo bastante volátil para que, mezclado con aire comprimido en un cilindro, se inflame al saltar una chispa entre los dos electrodos de la bujía de ignición y proporcione, al expandirse los gases de combustión, la energía necesaria para arrastrar el cigueñal.  3, record 8, Spanish, - carburante

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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The production of electricity using primary fuels such as coal, oil, wood, gas, hydroelectric, and nuclear.  4, record 9, English, - electric%20power%20generation

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electric power generation: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Black Carbon Inventory.  5, record 9, English, - electric%20power%20generation

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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production d'électricité : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'inventaire de carbone noir.  3, record 9, French, - production%20d%27%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9

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La energía oceánica, en comparación con las demás fuentes renovables, es la que menos contribuye a la generación de electricidad.  1, record 9, Spanish, - generaci%C3%B3n%20de%20electricidad

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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A material such as wood, coal, gas, or oil burned to produce heat or power.  2, record 10, English, - fuel

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fuel: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Black Carbon Inventory.  3, record 10, English, - fuel

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Matière capable de brûler au contact de l'air, de l'oxygène ou d'un mélange gazeux contenant de l'oxygène, en produisant une quantité de chaleur utilisable.  2, record 10, French, - combustible

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

combustible : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'inventaire de carbone noir.  3, record 10, French, - combustible

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Material oxidable capaz de producir combustión en condiciones apropiadas.  2, record 10, Spanish, - combustible

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Por ejemplo, carbón, petróleo y todos sus derivados, gas natural, madera, etc.  2, record 10, Spanish, - combustible

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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Pipe : A tube made of metal, clay, plastic, wood, or concrete and used to conduct a fluid, gas, or finely divided solid.  2, record 11, English, - buried%20pipe

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Tuyau : Chacun des éléments tubulaires assemblés en général par emboîtement, pour composer une conduite, une canalisation.  3, record 11, French, - tuyau%20enfoui

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Une canalisation est dite [...] enterrée si elle est disposée dans une tranchée rebouchée après la pose, de telle sorte que la canalisation soit totalement enfouie à une profondeur qui, en principe, la met à l'abri des risques de gel.  3, record 11, French, - tuyau%20enfoui

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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We have used biomass energy or "bioenergy"-the energy from plants and plant-derived materials-since people began burning wood to cook food and keep warm. Wood is still the largest biomass energy resource today, but other sources of biomass can also be used. These include food crops, grassy and woody plants, residues from agriculture or forestry, and the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes. Even the fumes from landfills(which are methane, a natural gas) can be used as a biomass energy source.  3, record 12, English, - bioenergy

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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L'énergie de la biomasse est tirée essentiellement de déchets forestiers, urbains et agricoles. La biomasse se subdivise donc en trois catégories : biomasse forestière qui provient de branches et résidus de coupe, d'écorces, de sciures, de houppiers, d'aiguilles de conifères et d'autres déchets forestiers; biomasse agroalimentaire qui découle en majeure partie de production végétale et animale de même que de résidus des champs; biomasse urbaine qui se compose de déchets municipaux, commerciaux et industriels.  5, record 12, French, - bio%C3%A9nergie

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Energía renovable originada, gracias a la luz del Sol y mediante la fotosíntesis por la materia vegetal y los hidratos de carbono sintetizados por las plantas.  3, record 12, Spanish, - bioenerg%C3%ADa

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any of three toxic flammable oily isomeric aromatic hydrocarbons C6H4(CH3) 2 that are dimethyl homologues of benzene and are obtained from wood tar or commercially in mixtures of the three with ethylbenzene from light oils from coal tar or coke-oven gas or from petroleum distillates by processes for producing toluene.  3, record 13, English, - xylene

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Use: Aviation gasoline; protective coatings; solvent for alkyd resins, lacquers, enamels, rubber cements; synthesis of organic chemicals.  4, record 13, English, - xylene

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: C₆H₄(CH₃)₂ or C₈H₁₀ or (CH₃)₂C₆H₄  5, record 13, English, - xylene

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mélange des trois isomètres, méta, ortho- et para-, de formule C6H4- (CH3)2, contenus dans le goudron, utilisé comme solvant du caoutchouc, dans la fabrication des laques et, en microscopie, comme solvant, sous le nom commercial de xylol.  3, record 13, French, - xyl%C3%A8ne

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Xylol : L'appellation "xylol" est réservée à des produits dont la distillation ne commence pas avant 120 ° et dont 90% au moins distillent avant 145 °.  2, record 13, French, - xyl%C3%A8ne

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : C₆H₄(CH₃)₂ ou C₈H₁₀ ou (CH₃)₂C₆H₄  3, record 13, French, - xyl%C3%A8ne

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Mezcla de los tres isómeros orto-, meta- y para-xileno. Líquido soluble en alcohol y éter; insoluble en agua. Inflamable. Tóxico por ingestión e inhalación.  1, record 13, Spanish, - xileno

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Fórmula química: C₆H₄(CH₃)₂ o C₈H₁₀ o (CH₃)₂C₆H₄  2, record 13, Spanish, - xileno

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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Energy derived ultimately from the sun.  2, record 14, English, - solar%20energy

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Most energy sources on Earth are forms of indirect solar energy, although we usually don’t think of them in that way. Coal, oil and natural gas derive from ancient biological material which took its energy from the sun(via plant photosynthesis) millions of years ago. All the energy in wood and foodstuffs also comes from the sun. Movement of the wind(which causes waves at sea), and the evaporation of water to form rainfall which accumulates in rivers and lakes, are also powered by the sun. Therefore, hydroelectric power and wind and wave power are forms of indirect solar energy. Direct solar energy is what we usually mean when we speak of solar power-it is the use of sunlight for heating or generating electricity.  2, record 14, English, - solar%20energy

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "solar energy" may be applied to any of the numerous ways in which this energy flow may be converted and utilised: as biological energy, wind energy, wave energy, ocean thermal energy, and especially as direct heat ... and photovoltaic energy.  3, record 14, English, - solar%20energy

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Énergie gratuite contenue dans le rayonnement quotidien du soleil.  4, record 14, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20solaire

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Energía transmitida desde el Sol en forma de radiación electromagnética.  1, record 14, Spanish, - energ%C3%ADa%20solar

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Heating system using oil, gas, coal or wood fuel.  1, record 15, English, - direct%2Dfired%20heating%20system

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The regulations will mandate reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from the following industrial sectors : electricity generation produced by combustion, oil and gas(including upstream oil and gas, downstream petroleum, oil sands, and natural gas pipelines), forest products(including pulp and paper and wood products), smelting and refining(including aluminum, alumina, and base metal smelting), iron and steel, iron ore pelletizing, potash, cement, lime, and chemicals production, including fertilizers.  1, record 16, English, - Regulatory%20Framework%20for%20Industrial%20Air%20Emissions

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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Les règlements prescriront une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et de polluants atmosphériques dans divers secteurs industriels : la production d'électricité à base de combustibles, de mazout brut et de gaz (y compris l'industrie pétrolière et gazière en amont, l'industrie pétrolière en aval, les sables bitumineux et les gazoducs), les produits forestiers (y compris les pâtes et papiers et les produits du bois), la fonte et l'affinage (y compris l'aluminium, l'alumine et la fonte des métaux communs), le fer et l'acier, le boulettage de minerai de fer, la potasse, le ciment, la chaux et la fabrication de produits chimiques, y compris les engrais.  1, record 16, French, - Cadre%20r%C3%A9glementaire%20sur%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20atmosph%C3%A9riques%20pour%20les%20secteurs%20industriels

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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The central wood furnace is a third alternative to conventional oil, gas or electric heating. Unlike the wood stove, it is a device designed to take on the larger fraction of the home heat load, although a back-up source-for example, an electric plenum heater-will generally be added on... recently developed furnaces use wood chips or pellets rather than firewood, to allow for a much easier distribution and loading of the fuel.  2, record 17, English, - central%20wood%20furnace

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

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Les chaudières combinées au bois et au mazout ou au bois et à l'électricité ainsi que les chaudières d'appoint comptent parmi les appareils de chauffage central au bois les plus populaires [...]  3, record 17, French, - appareil%20de%20chauffage%20central%20au%20bois

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fuel which is used in the form in which it is mined or obtained; for example, coal, lignite, peat, wood, mineral oil, natural gas.  5, record 18, English, - raw%20fuel

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "run-of-mine fuel", "fuel as mined" and "as-mined fuel" are used only for coal and lignite.  6, record 18, English, - raw%20fuel

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Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cooking apparatus enclosing controlled heat(as from wood, coal, gas, electricity) and having a flat top with solid plates or open racks to hold utensils over flames or coils and an oven....  1, record 19, English, - range

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil de cuisson alimentaire monobloc jumelant une table de cuisson et un four commandés par un appareillage situé entre les deux. [...] La cuisinière peut être à bois, à charbon, à mazout, tout gaz, tout électrique, ou mixte [...]  3, record 19, French, - cuisini%C3%A8re

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'emploi du terme poêle au sens de cuisinière est fautif. Autrefois, le poêle servait de cuisinière bien que sa fonction principale était le chauffage. De nos jours, le terme poêle ne désigne qu'un appareil de chauffage clos alimenté par un combustible.  2, record 19, French, - cuisini%C3%A8re

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Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance produced during the burning or oxidation of a material.  3, record 20, English, - combustion%20product

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Many important pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate(PM-10) are combustion products often products of the burning of fuels such as coal, oil, gas and wood.  3, record 20, English, - combustion%20product

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx): The result of photochemical reactions of nitric oxide in ambient air; major component of photochemical smog. Product of combustion from transportation and stationary sources and a major contributor to the formation of ozone in the troposphere and to acid deposition.  2, record 20, English, - combustion%20product

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] produits toxiques résultant de la combustion [...] La fumée se compose de particules matérielles, consistant en particules solides très fines et en vapeurs condensées. Elle constitue la majeure partie des produits de combustion visibles lors d'un incendie. Le gaz est un produit de combustion qui demeure à l'état gazeux même lorsqu'il est refroidi aux températures normales du bâtiment. La vapeur est un produit de combustion qui naît à l'état gazeux mais qui redevient solide ou liquide à des températures normales.  2, record 20, French, - produit%20de%20combustion

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of space heating equipment that is a free-standing or a self-contained unit that generates and delivers heat to a local zone within the building; [it] may be permanently mounted in a wall or floor or may be portable.  4, record 21, English, - individual%20space%20heater

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Electric baseboard heaters are individual room heaters. They are available in varying lengths and are fastened to the wall near the floor.  2, record 21, English, - individual%20space%20heater

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Examples of individual space heaters include electric baseboards, electric radiant or quartz heaters, heating panels, gas-or kerosene-fired unit heaters, wood stoves, and infrared radiant heaters. These heaters are characterized by a lack of pipes or duct work for distributing hot water, steam, or warm air through a building.  4, record 21, English, - individual%20space%20heater

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type d'équipement de chauffage autonome qui génère et répand de la chaleur dans une zone restreinte d'un bâtiment; [il] peut être fixé au mur ou au plancher en permanence ou peut être portatif.  5, record 21, French, - appareil%20de%20chauffage%20autonome

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les appareils individuels [...] servent [soit] à chauffer différentes pièces d'un pavillon ou d'un appartement, soit [...] à chauffer certains locaux industriels [...] Ils peuvent aussi servir de chauffage d'appoint, ou de demi-saison [...]  3, record 21, French, - appareil%20de%20chauffage%20autonome

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'appareil de chauffage autonome est destiné au chauffage direct d'une pièce, contrairement au générateur de chaleur ou à la chaudière du chauffage central qui fournit de la chaleur à l'ensemble de la maison grâce à un réseau de conduits ou de tuyaux.  1, record 21, French, - appareil%20de%20chauffage%20autonome

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 3 CONT

[...] appareil de chauffage individuel : [...] feux ouverts et fermés encastrés et [...] poêles indépendants fonctionnant avec différents combustibles tels que le gaz naturel, le bois, le charbon et le mazout, qui peuvent servir de chauffage principal ou d'appoint.  2, record 21, French, - appareil%20de%20chauffage%20autonome

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Exemples de générateur individuel : plinthe électrique, radiateur électrique ou au quartz, panneau chauffant, aérotherme au gaz ou au kérosène, poêle à bois et radiateur à infrarouges.  5, record 21, French, - appareil%20de%20chauffage%20autonome

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A single furnace unit designed to burn more than one type of fuel or energy source(electricity, gas, oil or wood) either separately or simultaneously, using either separate or common combustion chambers and flues.  2, record 22, English, - combination%20furnace

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Générateur de chaleur autonome conçu pour brûler plusieurs types de combustibles ou fonctionner avec plusieurs sources d'énergie (électricité, gaz ou bois), soit séparément soit simultanément, en utilisant des chambres de combustion et des conduits de cheminée distincts ou communs.  1, record 22, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20de%20chaleur%20mixte

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Warm Air Central Heating Systems. A warm air heating system, fueled by gas, electricity, oil or wood, does two jobs. First, heat is produced by burning the fuel in the combustion chamber or through electrical resistance. Second, heat is transferred through the heat exchanger and the distribution system to the living areas of the house.  1, record 23, English, - warm%20air%20central%20heating%20system

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sistema de [calefacción que] consiste en un calorífero central que calienta aire y lo distribuye mediante bocas de distribución abiertas en las paredes de las habitaciones.  1, record 23, Spanish, - calefacci%C3%B3n%20central%20por%20aire%20caliente

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Risk Assessment of Fire. Investigations have been undertaken into risk assessment of underground fires, non-flammable wood substitutes, fire retardant treatment of wood and inert gas fire fighting technology. Monolithic packing, a cement-like material, has been tested as an alternative to traditional wood packs; monolithic packing maintains gateroad stability while vastly improving the gob resistance.  1, record 24, English, - monolithic%20packing

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In eastern Canadian underground coal mines: ... Monolithic packing trials initiated jointly with the Cape Breton Development Corporation were monitored.  2, record 24, English, - monolithic%20packing

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un certain nombre d'études ont été menées dans les mines de charbon souterraines de l'Est canadien : [...] Des essais de remblayage monolithique entrepris conjointement avec la Société de développement du Cap-Breton ont été monitorés.  1, record 24, French, - remblayage%20monolithique

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This project aims to manage and reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with climate change by supplying clean and renewable alternate energy sources to areas of Cuba currently without(or with limited) power, thereby reducing Cuba's reliance on polluting fossil fuels and the burning of forest wood products.  1, record 25, English, - Eco%2DEfficiency%20Communities%20Initiative

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce projet vise à gérer et à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre associées au changement climatique en fournissant d'autres sources d'énergie propres et renouvelables aux régions de Cuba n'ayant actuellement pas accès (ou ayant un accès restreint) à l'énergie électrique, réduisant ainsi la dépendance de Cuba aux combustibles fossiles polluants et à la combustion des produits de bois.  1, record 25, French, - Initiative%20des%20collectivit%C3%A9s%20au%20service%20de%20l%27%C3%A9coefficacit%C3%A9

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Proyecto de la ACDI.  2, record 25, Spanish, - Iniciativa%20de%20Comunidades%20Ecoeficientes

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Este proyecto busca controlar y reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que acompañan el cambio climático, mediante el suministro de fuentes de energía limpias y renovables a áreas de Cuba que actualmente carecen o tienen limitadas fuentes de energía. El objetivo final es reducir la dependencia de Cuba de combustibles fósiles contaminantes y de la quema de derivados de bosques.  1, record 25, Spanish, - Iniciativa%20de%20Comunidades%20Ecoeficientes

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The relationship of hydrogen to carbon usually as atomic ratio, such that H/C for methane, CH₄, is 4.  4, record 26, English, - hydrogen%2Fcarbon%20ratio

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The gas chromatograph could not be used to quantify water and heavy hydrocarbons. Therefore, we used the hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratio to obtain an atom balance and approximate a mass balance.  5, record 26, English, - hydrogen%2Fcarbon%20ratio

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The driving force in substitutions between primary energies is twofold. On one hand we have the economies of scale involved in the technology and distribution infrastructures of each energy source. On the other hand we have the fact that during the last 200 years, the fuel mix of the world's primary energy sources has evolved toward "lighter" forms, i. e., fuel forms richer in hydrogen. The hydrogen/carbon(H/C) ratio increased from wood(H/C=0. 1) to coal(H/C=1) to oil(H/C=2) to natural gas(H/C=4).  6, record 26, English, - hydrogen%2Fcarbon%20ratio

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

H/C: This might be an in-house or a non-recognized abbreviation; not to be used alone, to avoid any risk of confusion.  7, record 26, English, - hydrogen%2Fcarbon%20ratio

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport atomique entre le carbone et l'hydrogène.  3, record 26, French, - rapport%20carbone%2Fhydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le rapport carbone/hydrogène dans toutes les planètes géantes et, semble-t-il, le rapport azote/hydrogène dans Jupiter et Saturne sont plus élevés que dans le Soleil.  4, record 26, French, - rapport%20carbone%2Fhydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La lutte contre la pollution passe par des motorisations un peu nouvelles comme les hybrides, ces moteurs avec une composante électrique variable. [...] Le gaz naturel semble [...] prometteur; sa formule chimique CH₄ lui confère un bon rapport carbone/hydrogène, favorable à la lutte contre l'effet de serre, mais il se heurte aujourd'hui à des problèmes de stockage et de distribution.  5, record 26, French, - rapport%20carbone%2Fhydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Recours à des combustibles de substitution (abaissement du rapport carbone/hydrogène (C/H), énergies renouvelables) [...]  6, record 26, French, - rapport%20carbone%2Fhydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C/H : abréviation non officielle; ne pas l'utiliser seule, pour éviter tout risque de confusion.  7, record 26, French, - rapport%20carbone%2Fhydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the technology can treat a wide range of contaminated matrices : soil, sediment, liquid, gas, industrial effluent, landfill leachate, sludge from aerated lagoons, PCB-contaminated waste, chlorinated solvents, contaminated oils and waste from the dry cleaning industries, from wood treating plants, paint factories, pulp and paper mills, chemical plants and plastics plants.  1, record 27, English, - paint%20factory

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cette technologie peut traiter une gamme variée de matrices contaminées : sols, sédiments, liquides, gaz, effluents industriels, eaux de lixiviation des décharges contrôlées, boues des étangs d'aération, déchets contaminés par des BPC, déchets d'usines de pâtes et papier, de solvants chlorés, huiles contaminées et déchets d'usines de préservation du bois, d'usines de peinture, d'industries du nettoyage à sec, d'usines de produits chimiques ou de produits plastiques.  1, record 27, French, - usine%20de%20peinture

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the technology can treat a wide range of contaminated matrices : soil, sediment, liquid, gas, industrial effluent, landfill leachate, sludge from aerated lagoons, PCB-contaminated waste, chlorinated solvents, contaminated oils and waste from the dry cleaning industries, from wood treating plants, paint factories, pulp and paper mills, chemical plants and plastics plants.  1, record 28, English, - dry%20cleaning%20industry

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cette technologie peut traiter une gamme variée de matrices contaminées : sols, sédiments, liquides, gaz, effluents industriels, eaux de lixiviation des décharges contrôlées, boues des étangs d'aération, déchets contaminés par des BPC, déchets d'usines de pâtes et papier, de solvants chlorés, huiles contaminées et déchets d'usines de préservation du bois, d'usines de peinture, d'industries du nettoyage à sec, d'usines de produits chimiques ou de produits plastiques.  1, record 28, French, - industrie%20du%20nettoyage%20%C3%A0%20sec

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the technology can treat a wide range of contaminated matrices : soil, sediment, liquid, gas, industrial effluent, landfill leachate, sludge from aerated lagoons, PCB-contaminated waste, chlorinated solvents, contaminated oils and waste from the dry cleaning industries, from wood treating plants, paint factories, pulp and paper mills, chemical plants and plastics plants.  1, record 29, English, - plastics%20plant

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cette technologie peut traiter une gamme variée de matrices contaminées : sols, sédiments, liquides, gaz, effluents industriels, eaux de lixiviation des décharges contrôlées, boues des étangs d'aération, déchets contaminés par des BPC, déchets d'usines de pâtes et papier, de solvants chlorés, huiles contaminées et déchets d'usines de préservation du bois, d'usines de peinture, d'industries du nettoyage à sec, d'usines de produits chimiques ou de produits plastiques.  1, record 29, French, - usine%20de%20produits%20plastiques

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gas produced during production of charcoal by heating wood in the absence of air and usually used as a fuel at the production site.  2, record 30, English, - wood%20gas

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... during wood pyrolysis at low heating rates and low terminal temperatures, wood undergoes three different decomposition stages during which a non-condensable gaseous fraction is evolved. This fraction is the wood gas which is normally recovered in large-scale carbonization units.  3, record 30, English, - wood%20gas

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A furnace equipped with a fan that provides the primary means for the circulation of air.  6, record 31, English, - forced%2Dair%20furnace

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Warm air furnaces are of two types, gravity and forced air. Forced warm air furnaces use a motor-driven blower to circulate air over the heat exchanger and through the ducts. A draft hood is attached to the outlet of the furnace and replaces the barometric damper.  4, record 31, English, - forced%2Dair%20furnace

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Forced-warm-air furnaces are most commonly fired by LP gas, natural gas or oil and occasionally by wood and coal. They may also operate electrically.  7, record 31, English, - forced%2Dair%20furnace

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Générateur d'air chaud doté d'un ventilateur qui constitue le moyen principal de circulation de l'air.  2, record 31, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20d%27air%20puls%C3%A9

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Générateurs d'air pulsé. (...) ces générateurs sont constitués des éléments suivants : -un caisson d'aspiration (...) -un ventilateur centrifuge (...) -un corps de chauffe (...) -un bloc de distribution à plusieurs bouches; -une sortie de fumée avec modérateur de tirage. L'ensemble est enfermé dans un habillage calorifugé en acier laqué; il est complété par un organe de régulation qui commande la marche du ventilateur en fonction de la température de l'air.  1, record 31, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20d%27air%20puls%C3%A9

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le système de chauffage à air pulsé, la circulation d'air est assurée par un ventilateur électrique (...) Ce système permet de placer la fournaise n'importe où et d'utiliser des conduits plus étroits et plus longs.  6, record 31, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20d%27air%20puls%C3%A9

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Fournaise : Ce terme est considéré comme impropre par les puristes. Selon Dagenais, dans son "Dictionnaire des difficultés de la langue française au Canada", "fournaise" serait un calque de l'anglais "furnace" et nous devrions plutôt dire "chaudière" lorsque le fluide caloporteur est l'eau ou la vapeur et "générateur d'air chaud", lorsque le fluide, est l'air. Cependant, ce terme reste d'usage fréquent au Québec, autant en langue parlée qu'en langue écrite.  3, record 31, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20d%27air%20puls%C3%A9

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An enclosure in which a gaseous fuel is burned.  3, record 32, English, - gas%20furnace

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A warm air heating system, fueled by gas, electricity, oil or wood, does two jobs. First, heat is produced by burning the fuel in the combustion chamber or through electrical resistance. Second, heat is transferred through the heat exchanger and the distribution system to the living areas of the house.  4, record 32, English, - gas%20furnace

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Maison de fin de semaine (...) On peut prévoir aussi le chauffage par air chaud avec générateur à mazout ou à gaz et distributions par gaines.  4, record 32, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20d%27air%20chaud%20%C3%A0%20gaz

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fournaise : Ce terme est considéré comme impropre par les puristes. Selon Dagenais, dans son "Dictionnaire des difficultés de la langue française au Canada", "fournaise" serait un calque de l'anglais "furnace" et nous devrions plutôt dire "chaudière" lorsque le fluide caloporteur est l'eau ou la vapeur et "générateur d'air chaud", lorsque le fluide, est l'air. Cependant, ce terme reste d'usage fréquent au Québec, autant en langue parlée qu'en langue écrite.  5, record 32, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20d%27air%20chaud%20%C3%A0%20gaz

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Retort technology... charcoal processes... The Lambiotte continuous carbonization process is related to the multi-stage type reactor.... Wood is fed continuously through a vertical cylinder into a retort. There, it undergoes three different treatments, moving slowly down to the bottom of the retort. In the first, it is dried, in the second, the charcoal process takes place, and in the third, charcoal is cooled. For the drying stage, pyroligneous gases are removed from the carbonization zone and fanned to the drying zone where they burn with a controlled supply of air. For the cooling stage, gases are removed from under the carbonization stage, where tars have been cracked, and reinjected at the bottom of the retort after having crossed a water cooled system. The sufficiently cooled charcoal is extracted from the bottom of the retort. The level of raw material inside the retort is kept at the maximum height possible. The excess of gas(50%) is generally flared off but can be directed through a by-product recovery system as for the Sific process. The process is fully automated.  1, record 33, English, - Lambiotte%20continuous%20carbonization%20process

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le procédé Lambiotte représente sans doute la technique la plus perfectionnée de pyrolyse du bois. Il opère en continu avec circulation externe de gaz de chauffage [...] Les gaz, au contraire du procédé Reichert, circulent en montant à contre-courant du bois. Il y a une zone de séchage et préchauffage, une zone de carbonisation exothermique puis une zone de refroidissement. Les gaz qui s'échappent par le haut sont refroidis, condensés, lavés. Les calories du charbon de bois sont en partie récupérées et le bilan matière comme le bilan énergétique sont particulièrement bien calculés dans ce procédé. Il faut toutefois utiliser du bois bien sec pour consommer le minimum de chauffage et d'énergie électrique (ventilateurs).  1, record 33, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Lambiotte

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gasification is a thermal process to convert solid fuel into gasified fuel by non-stoichiometric, partial combustion.... The most established gasifier system is the down-draught gasifier. It produces an almost tar-free gas and can be constructed on a relatively large scale compared to other systems. Its disadvantage is the requirement for fuel preparation, which must be well cut, uniform wood or charcoal, with a moisture content not greater than 20%.  2, record 34, English, - downdraft%20gasifier

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The "downdraft" (or coflow) gasifiers ... used widely during World War II produce very little tar and oil and are much more practical in small sizes for producing clean gas. Air (oxygen) is introduced at nozzles or tuyères which form a complex reaction zone not amenable to scale-up or simple analysis.  3, record 34, English, - downdraft%20gasifier

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gazogènes [...] dans lesquels l'air est introduit sous la zone de combustion. La chaleur dégagée par la combustion produit la pyrolyse ou la distillation du bois placé au dessus, mais les pyroligneux et les goudrons produits sont contraints à descendre, à passer à travers la zone de charbon de bois en ignition; ils sont donc craqués, réduits à l'état de CO + H₂ essentiellement. Il n'y a pratiquement plus de pyroligneux, ni de goudron.  2, record 34, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20invers%C3%A9

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C'est ce type de gazéifeur (ou gazogène) qui a été utilisé sur les camions et les voitures durant la dernière guerre (type Imbert).  2, record 34, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20invers%C3%A9

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In fluidized beds and suspension gasification, there is continuous relative motion of the discrete solid particles, while in fixed bed gasifiers there is much slower stratified motion of the solid bed as a whole, generally downward by gravity. The gas can then pass either in the opposite direction to the fuel(updraft or counterflow gasifiers)... or in the same direction(downdraft or coflow gasifiers).... While fixed bed coal gasifiers are updraft, biomass gasifiers can be either updraft or downdraft, depending on the purpose for which the gas is to be used. Updraft gasifiers can use very wet wood, but because the pyrolysis products are immediately cooled, the gas contains up to 30% of tar and oil.  1, record 35, English, - updraft%20gasifier

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Le plus simple appareil de gazéification, à l'air (...), où les gaz montent à travers une couche de bois fixe disposée sur une grille (...) La combustion partielle et la gazéification du charbon de bois se produisent au point le plus chaud, c'est-à-dire sur la grille; les gaz dégagés traversent la couche de bois en cours de pyrolyse puis de séchage en emmenant de l'eau, des matières pyroligneuses et des goudrons. Il faut que ces gaz sortent à température assez élevée pour empêcher les condensations. Il faut également que ces gaz soient utilisés, brûlés immédiatement. Mais la difficulté due à la présence de goudrons subsiste.  1, record 35, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20classique

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

spouted bed gasifier.... a single-chamber air-fed gasifier operated on a cyclical basis, to yield a high calorific-value gas essentially uncontaminated by carbon dioxide or nitrogen. Wood chips or wood pellets are fed on top of a bed of hot sand in the reactor, and are then mixed by spouting the bed using steam. Some gasification occurs during this phase, but most takes place during the ensuing "cooking" phase during which the bed is static. When the temperature has fallen to a suitably low value air is admitted to burn the char and raise the temperature of the sand to its original value. Wood is then added to begin a new cycle.  1, record 36, English, - spouted%2Dbed%20gasifier

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Lit fluidisé avec giclage», tiré des Actes du colloque franco-québécois sur l'énergie des biomasses, 15-16 octobre 1979.  2, record 36, French, - gaz%C3%A9ificateur%20%C3%A0%20lit%20%C3%A0%20surface%20inclin%C3%A9e

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hydrolysis with Hydrogen Chloride Gas.... A variation of the use of concentrated hydrochloric acid combined with hydrogen chloride is the process of Hereng. Here, wood chips are impregnated with 30% hydrochloric acid in a mixer and then transferred by a conveyor into the reactor. Because the chips are not predried, the acid concentration in them is reduced to 20%. The reactor consists of a hexagonal upright vessel equipped with numerous inclined trays. The impregnated wood is moved from the top toward the bottom by means of a vibrator and thus the prehydrolysis is completed after 45 minutes. The acid, containing chiefly pentoses, is filtered off and part of it is returned to the mixer. In this way, the sugar concentration in the prehydrolyzate is increased to about 20% to 25%. In a second step, the material, which has again been mixed with 30% hydrochloric acid, is passed through the reactor and hydrogen chloride gas is injected at the bottom in a countercurrent. In this way, the acid concentration is increased to 40% to 41% or more. The hydrolyzed material is conveyed from the bottom of the reactor to a drying chamber and is dried there with anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas which has previously been passed through a calcium chloride solution. The hydrolyzed material, consisting of lignin and sugar, is extracted with water and the sugar solution is subjected to a posthydrolysis.  1, record 37, English, - Hereng%20process

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plusieurs pays continuent à faire des recherches pour améliorer l'hydrolyse chimique. Le procédé Hereng utilisant l'acide chlorhydrique gazeux permet d'atteindre un meilleur rendement en sucre et de récupérer l'acide.  1, record 37, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Hereng

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Incorporated 7 August 1925 by Letters Patent under the Dominion Companies Act, Canada, as the Shell Co of Canada Ltd 26 August 1931; present title adopted 1 July 1963. Office 505 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario MG5 1X4, Canada. Telephone :(416) 597 7111... Business. Exploration for development and production of crude oil, natural gas and coal; refining, transporting and marketing of petroleum products; manufacture and manufacturing of petrochemicals, including Woodex(a process for converting wood waste into industrial fuel.  2, record 38, English, - Shell%20Canada%20Limited

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pyrolysis which is accomplished in water.  2, record 39, English, - aqueous%20pyrolysis

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The use of biomass as a feedstock for the production of energy and chemicals has been a popular research topic over the past decade. One of the technologies receiving a great deal of attention is liquefaction in which biomass is converted to oil under high temperatures and pressures. This technology has evolved from a slow, chemical intensive process to a very rapid operation requiring little more than water. Feeling that typical reactor residence times(1-2 hours) were excessive, Beckman developed a small unit capable of reducing heat-up times to less than three minutes. Under these conditions it was found that neither a catalyst nor reducing gas was required. A mixture of only wood and water, when rapidly heated to 350°C, yielded an oil, char and gaseous and aqueous products.  1, record 39, English, - aqueous%20pyrolysis

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pyrolyse réalisée en milieu aqueux.  2, record 39, French, - pyrolyse%20aqueuse

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Boilers may be grouped into classes based on working pressure and temperature, fuel used, shape and size, usage (such as heating or process), steam or water, and in many other ways.  1, record 40, English, - fuel%20burning%20boiler

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By Fuel Used. Boilers may be designed to burn coal, wood, various grades of fuel oil, various types of fuel gas, or to operate as electric boilers. A boiler designed for one specific fuel type may not be convertible to another type of fuel. Some boiler designs can be adapted to burn coal, oil or gas. Several designs allow firing with oil or gas by burner conversion or by using a dual fuel burner.... Efficiency of fuel burning boilers is defined in two ways : combustion efficiency and overall efficiency. Electric boilers are, of course, nearly 100% efficient in transferring heat within the boiler.  1, record 40, English, - fuel%20burning%20boiler

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chaudières à combustibles. Elles comprennent : -une alimentation en combustible : porte de chargement ou alimentation automatique en charbon, arrivée du fuel ou du gaz; -un organe de combustion, grille à charbon, ou brûleur à fuel ou à gaz; -une entrée d'air; -une évacuation des fumées et des cendres; -une jaquette d'eau, pour les chaudières à eau chaude, ou une jaquette d'air pour les chaudières à air chaud; -une jaquette calorifugée destinée à limiter les pertes dans la chaufferie; -des organes de contrôle et de régulation.  1, record 40, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chaudière : Certains auteurs incluent l'air dans les types de fluide caloporteur de la chaudière. En général, on réserve ce terme pour désigner l'appareil utilisant l'eau ou la vapeur comme fluide caloporteur.  2, record 40, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In fuel-burning furnaces, the combustion takes place within a metal-walled heat exchanger and the circulating air passes over the outside surfaces of the heat exchanger so that it does not contact the fuel or the products of combustion. The products of combustion are conveyed to the outside atmosphere through a flue or vent.  1, record 41, English, - fuel%2Dburning%20furnace

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A warm air heating system, fueled by gas, electricity, oil or wood, does two jobs. First, heat is produced by burning the fuel in the combustion chamber or through electrical resistance. Second, heat is transferred through the heat exchanger and the distribution system to the living areas of the house.  2, record 41, English, - fuel%2Dburning%20furnace

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gravity furnace [which burns coal, wood, oil or gas] in which the entire heat output is delivered through one opening directly above the combustion chamber. Return air enters the unit through grille work around the perimeter of the outlet grille.  2, record 42, English, - pipeless%20furnace

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pipeless Furnaces: These are essentially gravity warm air furnaces that are not connected to ducts. The furnace is mounted directly under the space to be heated. All the air heated in its outer jacket is discharged through a register above the heat exchanger. They are used for heating small homes and other small one-story properties.  3, record 42, English, - pipeless%20furnace

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La fournaise sans tuyauterie représente la forme la plus simple de chauffage à air chaud par gravité. L'appareil de chauffage est installé sous le plancher de la pièce habitée et l'air réchauffé est libéré par une seule bouche d'air percée au centre du plancher. L'air frais de retour pénètre dans une ouverture circulaire qui entoure la bouche d'air chaud.  1, record 42, French, - fournaise%20sans%20tuyauterie

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fournaise : Ce terme est considéré comme impropre par les puristes. Selon Dagenais, dans son "Dictionnaire des difficultés de la langue française du Canada", "fournaise" serait un calque de l'anglais "furnace" et nous devrions plutôt dire "chaudière" lorsque le fluide caloporteur est l'eau ou la vapeur et "générateur d'air chaud", lorsque le fluide, est l'air. Cependant, ce terme reste d'usage fréquent au Québec, autant en langue parlée qu'en langue écrite.  2, record 42, French, - fournaise%20sans%20tuyauterie

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many Canadian homes, especially older ones, are heated by oil furnaces. The preference for, petroleum-based fuel oil for home heating reached its peak in the early 1970s. From then until the early 1980s we have witnessed a change, with people switching to natural gas, electricity and wood.  1, record 43, English, - oil%20furnace

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour chauffer tout un édifice d'une façon continue et à une température déterminée, il y a lieu de recourir à l'installation d'un chauffage central. (...) Le principe fondamental, quel que soit le mode de chauffage envisagé, est le suivant: a) Installation en cave d'une chaudière ou d'un appareil de chauffage; c'est le générateur de chaleur.  2, record 43, French, - appareil%20de%20chauffage%20au%20mazout

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Risk Assessment of Fire. Investigations have been undertaken into risk assessment of underground fires, non-flammable wood substitutes, fire retardant treatment of wood and inert gas fire fighting technology. Monolithic packing, a cement-like material, has been tested as an alternative to traditional wood packs; monolithic packing maintains gateroad stability while vastly improving the gob resistance.  1, record 44, English, - gob%20resistance

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In eastern Canadian underground coal mines: ... Gateroad sealants used to prevent air leaking through the collapsed waste (gob) were evaluated (up to 70 per cent of the ventilation air entering a longwall district can be lost in this way).  2, record 44, English, - gob%20resistance

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un certain nombre d'études ont été menées dans les mines de charbon souterraines de l'Est Canadien : (...) Des agents d'étanchéité de galerie utilisés pour prévenir les fuites d'air dans les débris effondrés (remblais) ont été évalués. (Ces fuites peuvent représenter jusqu'à 70% de l'air de ventilation entrant dans une section de longue taille).  2, record 44, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20du%20remblai

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Risk Assessment of Fire. Investigations have been undertaken into risk assessment of underground fires, non-flammable wood substitutes, fire retardant treatment of wood and inert gas fire fighting technology. Monolithic packing, a cement-like material, has been tested as an alternative to traditional wood packs; monolithic packing maintains gateroad stability while vastly improving the gob resistance.  1, record 45, English, - gateroad%20stability

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In eastern Canadian underground coal mines: ... Gateroad sealants used to prevent air leaking through the collapsed waste (gob) were evaluated (up to 70 per cent of the ventilation air entering a longwall district can be lost in this way).  2, record 45, English, - gateroad%20stability

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un certain nombre d'études ont été menées dans les mines de charbon souterraines de l'Est canadien : [...] Des agents d'étanchéité de galerie utilisés pour prévenir les fuites d'air dans les débris effondrés (remblais) ont été évalués. (Ces fuites peuvent représenter jusqu'à 70% de l'air de ventilation entrant dans une section de longue taille).  2, record 45, French, - stabilit%C3%A9%20de%20la%20galerie

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

High Intensity Pyrolysis of Wood and Biomass to produce Ethylene, Reactive Chemical Intermediates and Synthesis Gas.  1, record 46, English, - high%20intensity%20pyrolysis

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) haute température et contact ultra-rapide (...).  1, record 46, French, - pyrolyse%20%C3%A0%20haute%20intensit%C3%A9

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

High energy gas(HEG) occurs in nature as natural gas but may be produced from wood by gasifying with hydrogen at high temperatures and pressures, producing methane and light hydrocarbons. No research on HEG from wood by this method is currently being done in Canada.  1, record 47, English, - high%20energy%20gas

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Low energy gas(LEG) is produced by air gasification processes where a portion of the input wood(about 20 percent) is combusted with air to provide process heat. LEG can be used to displace fossil fuels by retrofitting oil or gas-fired boilers, kilns, dryers and space heaters. In addition, it can be cooled and cleaned for use in internal combustion engines to generate shaft power or electricity. Due to the low energy content, economics dictate that the gas be used immediately and not piped great distances.  1, record 48, English, - low%20energy%20gas

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In addition to the... all purpose chimneys, there are two types of vents, used with gas heating... Type BW vents are similar to Type B, but they are oval shaped for use in confined areas such as between framing joints. These vents may be used in new installations and as liners in existing masonry chimneys. They are totally inadequate for use with wood or other solid fuel-burning appliances.  1, record 49, English, - BW%20vent

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Type B vents are designed to be used with the cooler, cleaner by-products of natural gas or propane combustion.  1, record 49, English, - BW%20vent

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Forced Air Wood Furnaces. Central wood-burning furnaces are controlled by a wall mounted thermostat in the living area. Temperature and fan controls are the same as those found on oil and gas furnaces. Unlike room heaters, which produce a steady heat output by periodic manual adjustments of the draft control, most wood furnaces operate in cycles. A cycle starts with the thermostat sensing that heat is needed in the room where it is located. It signals the furnace control system which opens the combustion air damper and a hot fire develops. When the air inside the furnace's sheet metal casing gets hot, a preset fan control starts the circulating blower and the warm air is moved through the ducts to all areas of the house.  1, record 50, English, - forced%20air%20wood%20furnace

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A number of wood gasifiers, including the Westwood Polygas system installed in Clinton, B. C., are now in various stages of development. Most produce a low calorific content(...) producer gas which is burnt on-site so that the sensible heat of the gas itself may also be used.  1, record 51, English, - wood%20gasifier

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gasifier: an apparatus for manufacturing gas (as synthesis gas from coal).  2, record 51, English, - wood%20gasifier

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

gazogène: Appareil transformant par oxydation incomplète un combustible solide en gaz. (...) Gazogène à houille, à coke, à bois, à tourbe.  1, record 51, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20bois

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish