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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[An] Aldopentose sugar that occurs in hemicellulose, in mucopolysaccharides of connective tissue and sometimes in the urine.  4, record 1, English, - xylose

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cellulose can be hydrolysed into wood sugars including glucose through the action of either acids or special enzymes... The sugars produced by acid or enzymic hydrolysis can then be fermented, using enzyme containing yeasts, to ethanol or higher alcohols.  5, record 1, English, - xylose

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aldopentose dont la forme D se trouve sous forme de polymère dans les parties ligneuses de certains végétaux (xylanes).  3, record 1, French, - xylose

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La matrice de la paroi primaire [des cellules végétales] renferme des polysaccharides neutres ou acides ramifiés (hémicelluloses et pectines). Elle libère à l'hydrolyse de nombreux oses et dérivés (glucose, galactose, rhamnose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, fucose, acides uroniques [...] Tous ces matériaux forment des polymères à séquences complexes et spécifiques qui ont longtemps échappé à l'analyse.  4, record 1, French, - xylose

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El término "azúcar de madera" se puede utilizar como nombre masculino o femenino, aunque normalmente "azúcar" se utiliza en el masculino.  3, record 1, Spanish, - az%C3%BAcar%20de%20madera

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In 1980s, St. Lawrence Technologies Inc.(SLT, as a partner in the Bio-Hol joint venture) in Canada, collaborated with the Tennessee Valley Authority(TVA) in the USA and the Swedish Ethanol Development Foundation, developed a two stage hydrolysis process called the CASH process(Canada, America, Sweden Hydrolysis) at pilot plant scale for the conversion of wood feedstock to ethanol(O’Boyle et al., 1991). In the first stage of the process, TVA used the Sunds Defibrator to prehydrolyse pine wood chips under mildly acidic conditions. The pretreated material was then hydrolysed in the SLT plug flow reactor to convert cellulose to glucose. The yield of the conversion from cellulose to glucose exceeded 50%, which was close to the theoretical yield in dilute acid hydrolysis(Malester et al., 1992). [Source : ethanol project-Stlwkshp. en p. 1].  1, record 2, English, - CASH%20process

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans les années 1980, la société St. Lawrence Technologies Inc. (SLT, partenaire de la co-entreprise Bio-Hol), établie au Canada, a collaboré avec la Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), aux États-Unis, et la Swedish Ethanol Development Foundation, afin de mettre au point un procédé d'hydrolyse en deux étapes, appelé procédé «CASH» (d'après le nom donné au procédé en anglais, soit Canada, America, Sweden Hydrolysis), applicable à l'échelle pilote pour la conversion des matières ligneuses en éthanol (O'Boyle et al., 1991). Dans la première partie du procédé, la TVA a utilisé la défibreuse Sunds pour pré-hydrolyser des copeaux de pin en milieu légèrement acide. La matière prétraitée passait ensuite dans un réacteur à écoulement piston SLT où la cellulose était hydrolysée en glucose. Le rendement de cette conversion dépassait 50 %, ce qui est proche du rendement théorique de l'hydrolyse à l'acide dilué (Malester et al., 1992). [Source: projet éthanol - Stlwkshp.fr p. 1].  1, record 2, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20CASH

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Équivalents proposés par la faculté d'Agriculture (Université Laval).  2, record 2, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20CASH

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A polysaccharide found among the hemicelluloses of the wood cell-wall, which yields only arabinose on hydrolysis.  2, record 3, English, - araban

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nom générique des osanes de formule (C5H8O4)n existant dans la gomme arabique, les citrons, les pommes, et fournissant par hydrolyse, du l-arabinose.  2, record 3, French, - arabane

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lire dans la définition ci-dessus C₅H₈O₄n.  3, record 3, French, - arabane

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pentosana que se encuentra en las membranas celulares, en la goma arábiga y en la del cerezo, de fórmula empírica (C₅ H₈ O₄)n y que por hidrólisis da L-arabinosa.  1, record 3, Spanish, - arabana

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₅ H₈ O₄)n.  2, record 3, Spanish, - arabana

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A licensed process for the acid hydrolysis of wood which utilizes a continuous moving bed reactor and runs at 175°C with sulfuric acid concentrations.  2, record 4, English, - Scholler%20process

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La saccharification du bois consiste en la transformation en sucres fermentescibles des matières cellulosiques du bois sous l'action d'acides minéraux (chlorhydrique ou sulfurique). [...] Dans le procédé Scholler [...], la transformation a lieu à haute température (environ 170 °C) sous l'influence d'acide sulfurique dilué.  2, record 4, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Scholler

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chips used for manufacturing pulp, wood boards and products of the wood industry, and for hydrolysis.  1, record 5, English, - technological%20chips

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chips: term rarely used in the singular (chip).  2, record 5, English, - technological%20chips

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

technological chips: term standardized by ISO.  2, record 5, English, - technological%20chips

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plaquettes destinées à la fabrication de la pâte à papier, des panneaux de particules et des produits de l'industrie chimique du bois ainsi que des produits obtenus par hydrolyse.  1, record 5, French, - copeaux%20technologiques

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

copeaux : terme rarement utilisé au singulier (copeau).  2, record 5, French, - copeaux%20technologiques

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

copeaux technologiques : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  2, record 5, French, - copeaux%20technologiques

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the first stage of the process, TVA used the Sunds Defibrator to prehydrolyse pine wood chips under mildly acidic conditions. The pretreated material was then hydrolysed in the SLT plug flow reactor to convert cellulose to glucose. The yield of the conversion from cellulose to glucose exceeded 50%, which was close to the theoretical yield in dilute acid hydrolysis(Malester et al., 1992). [Source : ethanol project-Stlwkshp. en p. 2].  1, record 6, English, - Sunds%20defibrator

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans la première partie du procédé, la TVA a utilisé la défibreuse Sunds pour pré-hydrolyser des copeaux de pin en milieu légèrement acide. La matière prétraitée passait ensuite dans un réacteur à écoulement piston SLT où la cellulose était hydrolysée en glucose. Le rendement de cette conversion dépassait 50 %, ce qui est proche du rendement théorique de l'hydrolyse à l'acide dilué (Malester et al., 1992). [Source: projet éthanol - Stlwkshp.fr p. 2].  1, record 6, French, - d%C3%A9fibreuse%20Sunds

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In 1980s, St. Lawrence Technologies Inc.(SLT, as a partner in the Bio-Hol joint venture) in Canada, collaborated with the Tennessee Valley Authority(TVA) in the USA and the Swedish Ethanol Development Foundation, developed a two stage hydrolysis process called the CASH process(Canada, America, Sweden Hydrolysis) at pilot plant scale for the conversion of wood feedstock to ethanol(O’Boyle et al., 1991). [Source : ethanol project-Stlwkshp. en p. 2].  1, record 7, English, - Swedish%20Ethanol%20Development%20Foundation

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans les années 1980, la société St. Lawrence Technologies Inc. (SLT, partenaire de la co-entreprise Bio-Hol), établie au Canada, a collaboré avec la Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), aux États-Unis, et la Swedish Ethanol Development Foundation, afin de mettre au point un procédé d'hydrolyse en deux étapes, appelé procédé «CASH» (d'après le nom donné au procédé en anglais, soit Canada, America, Sweden Hydrolysis), applicable à l'échelle pilote pour la conversion des matières ligneuses en éthanol (O'Boyle et al., 1991). [Source: projet éthanol - Stlwkshp.fr p. 2].  1, record 7, French, - Swedish%20Ethanol%20Development%20Foundation

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Recent research on ethanol production from wood cellulose in our laboratory... showed that enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency could be improved by adopting a combined hydrolysis and fermentation(CHF) approach.  3, record 8, English, - combined%20enzymatic%20hydrolysis%20and%20fermentation

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It has long been known that some components of wood are relatively easily hydrolyzed. The application of hydrolysis for the degradation of certain carbohydrates to low-molecular sugars is based on experience gained in the total hydrolysis of wood.... During the Second World War, a number of pulp mills were built in Germany designed to use deciduous woods or straw in an alkaline cook with a prehydrolysis. The hydrolyzates were processed for the production of fodder yeast. By this process, deciduous woods and straw were treated at 120° to 130°C with 0. 5% to 1% sulfuric acid and, in a second stage, with a conventional kraft cooking liquor(22% sulfidity) with a maximum cooking time and temperature of 3 hours and 165°C to produce pulps with a high [alpha]-cellulose content.  2, record 9, English, - prehydrolysis

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bien des facteurs interviennent dans la pyrolyse du bois et la séparation des différents produits chimiques qui en découlent. [...] Si l'on distille rapidement le bois on a un rendement élevé en goudrons [...] La durée du traitement de pyrolyse ou distillation est donc capitale; plus elle se prolonge, plus le rendement en charbon de bois est élevé et les goudrons disparaissent presque totalement [...] Une préhydrolyse semble encore plus avantageuse si l'on veut effectuer ensuite une pyrolyse rapide. Il n'y a pratiquement plus d'hémicelluloses et le bois peut alors être chauffé sans dégradation jusqu'à plus de 250°C, les phénols sont déméthylés [...] La préhydrolyse, grâce à une imprégnation préalable à chaud du bois avec un acide dilué, conduit à un certain rendement en furfural (5 à 8 p. cent) avant de passer à la pyrolyse proprement dite.  3, record 9, French, - pr%C3%A9hydrolyse

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Depending upon the wood species used, the kraft process produces araboxylan from coniferous woods and xylan from deciduous woods.... When the cook is preceded by a hydrolysis the pulp from both wood species contains only xylan.  1, record 10, English, - araboxylan

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit chimique obtenu des essences résineuses à la suite du procédé kraft de fabrication de la pâte à papier.  1, record 10, French, - araboxylane

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The acid hydrolysis of wood]. The "Natta process" uses hydrochloric acid as the catalyst. The raw material used is moistened with dilute hydrochloric acid and is fed continuously into the top of a vertically arranged reactor. Superheated steam at a temperature of 190° to 200°C is injected at the bottom of the reactor, passes through the material in a countercurrent stream, and leaves the digester at the top, taking the furfural with it. The condensate contains only a small amount of hydrochloric acid and this is neutralized before the furfural is purified. The process operates continuously, uses considerably less steam and acid than the sulfuric acid process described above, and gives furfural yields of 70% to 80% of the theoretical amount.... The process also permits the recovery of the acetic acid formed as a by-product.  1, record 11, English, - Natta%20process

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le procédé Natta est un procédé continu qui utilise l'acide chlorhydrique : l'hydrolyse s'effectue avec de l'acide dilué et de la vapeur injectée vers 200 °C à la base du réacteur, cette vapeur monte à contre courant de la matière à traiter et entraîne le furfural formé. (...) L'acide acétique peut être facilement récupéré.  1, record 11, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Natta

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hydrolysis with Hydrogen Chloride Gas.... A variation of the use of concentrated hydrochloric acid combined with hydrogen chloride is the process of Hereng. Here, wood chips are impregnated with 30% hydrochloric acid in a mixer and then transferred by a conveyor into the reactor. Because the chips are not predried, the acid concentration in them is reduced to 20%. The reactor consists of a hexagonal upright vessel equipped with numerous inclined trays. The impregnated wood is moved from the top toward the bottom by means of a vibrator and thus the prehydrolysis is completed after 45 minutes. The acid, containing chiefly pentoses, is filtered off and part of it is returned to the mixer. In this way, the sugar concentration in the prehydrolyzate is increased to about 20% to 25%. In a second step, the material, which has again been mixed with 30% hydrochloric acid, is passed through the reactor and hydrogen chloride gas is injected at the bottom in a countercurrent. In this way, the acid concentration is increased to 40% to 41% or more. The hydrolyzed material is conveyed from the bottom of the reactor to a drying chamber and is dried there with anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas which has previously been passed through a calcium chloride solution. The hydrolyzed material, consisting of lignin and sugar, is extracted with water and the sugar solution is subjected to a posthydrolysis.  1, record 12, English, - Hereng%20process

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plusieurs pays continuent à faire des recherches pour améliorer l'hydrolyse chimique. Le procédé Hereng utilisant l'acide chlorhydrique gazeux permet d'atteindre un meilleur rendement en sucre et de récupérer l'acide.  1, record 12, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Hereng

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish