TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fuel produced from cellulosic materials, crop residues and agricultural and municipal wastes.  4, record 1, English, - second%2Dgeneration%20biofuel

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Second-generation biofuels use advanced technical processes and can be made from any lignocellulosic biomass feedstock, such as forest and crop residues, wood chips, food waste, municipal solid waste, chicken litter, straw and algae. Evidence shows that these fuels tend to offer lower full life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions than first-generation biofuels...  5, record 1, English, - second%2Dgeneration%20biofuel

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Since the main component of these biomass materials is cellulose, second-generation biofuels are also known as cellulosic fuels ... Other than cellulosic ethanol, which is the principal second-generation biofuel, biomethanol, dimethyl ether, biohydrogen, synthetic diesel and synthetic gasoline are also emerging from the ... biomass materials.  6, record 1, English, - second%2Dgeneration%20biofuel

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There is considerable debate on how to classify biofuels. Biofuels are commonly divided into first-, second- and third-generation biofuels, but the same fuel might be classified differently depending on whether technology maturity, GHG [greenhouse gas] emission balance or the feedstock is used to guide the distinction.  7, record 1, English, - second%2Dgeneration%20biofuel

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Carburant produit à partir de matières cellulosiques, de résidus agricoles et de déchets agricoles et municipaux.  5, record 1, French, - biocarburant%20de%20seconde%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les biocarburants de seconde génération : la seconde génération de biocarburants est issue de source ligno-cellulosique (bois, feuilles, paille, etc.) à partir de processus techniques avancés. Au lieu d'utiliser les graines ou les tubercules des plantes comme dans la première génération, les nouveaux procédés cherchent à améliorer le bilan énergétique en utilisant toute la plante.  6, record 1, French, - biocarburant%20de%20seconde%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Principales méthodes de production des biocarburants de seconde génération : production par voie thermochimique (gazéification) : la gazéification est un procédé technologique complexe qui permet de transformer de la biomasse en gaz (essentiellement de l'hydrogène et du monoxyde de carbone). Ce procédé thermochimique est obtenu dans des conditions de températures et de pression élevées (environ 1000 °C et 40 bars); production par voie biochimique : la biomasse (de type lignocellulosique) est transformée en sucre par des enzymes. Le sucre ainsi produit est ensuite transformé en éthanol par un procédé de fermentation.  6, record 1, French, - biocarburant%20de%20seconde%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

biocarburant de deuxième génération : terme publié au Journal officiel de la République française le 19 septembre 2018.  7, record 1, French, - biocarburant%20de%20seconde%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Those units which will be of the most interest to the forest-products industry in B.C. (...) are listed below (...) (1) Suspension Burners (...) (2) Fluid-Bed Combustors (...) (3) Multiple Chamber Combustors (...) (d) Lamp-Cargate Wet Cell - This unit shows considerable promise in handling both dry and wet fuels in its first commercial installation.  2, record 2, English, - wet%20fuel

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The principal coastal lumber mills consume most of their own wood residues to generate steam and power.  3, record 2, English, - wet%20fuel

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les figures 4 et 5 montrent la forme normale des foyers de chaudières brûlant des déchets de bois humides. Le combustible humide est introduit sur une grille inclinée refroidie par de l'eau de chaudière, où le combustible est séché par de l'air chaud primaire.  1, record 2, French, - combustible%20humide

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a single-chamber cyclonic suspension burner suitable for burning dry wood residues of less than 1/8 inch. The first burner was installed on a veneer dryer in 1972.  1, record 3, English, - Energex%20burner

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Most Energex burners have been installed horizontally, which has meant that once every two weeks the ash had to be manually removed.  1, record 3, English, - Energex%20burner

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Outre le matériel mentionné [...], on peut utiliser un brûleur Energex fourni par Lamb Cargate (Canada). En Scandinavie, certains fabricants construisent des brûleurs horizontaux à «cyclone» comme l'Energex, mais refroidis avec de l'eau de chaudière.  1, record 3, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20Energex

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any novel material derived from forest biomass(particularly wood fibre and cellulosic residues) for industrial use.  1, record 4, English, - forest%20biomaterial

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Forest biomaterials can be blends of natural fibres and polymers (for example, biocomposite building materials) or biopolymers (for example, bioplastics, biotextiles, and nanofibres).  1, record 4, English, - forest%20biomaterial

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tout matériau à caractère nouveau tiré de la biomasse forestière (notamment, fibre de bois et résidus cellulosiques) et destiné à un usage industriel.  1, record 4, French, - biomat%C3%A9riau%20forestier

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les biomatériaux forestiers peuvent être un mélange de fibres naturelles et de polymères (par exemple, matériaux de construction biocomposites) ou des biopolymères (par exemple, bioplastiques, biotextiles et nanofibres).  1, record 4, French, - biomat%C3%A9riau%20forestier

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The potential woody biomass resources available for salvage following natural disturbances—for example, wood damaged by insect pests such as the mountain pine beetle, by disease, or by fire or wind — or forestry activities — for example, small-diameter or other trees left standing.  2, record 5, English, - opportunity%20wood

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In some cases, harvesting and construction residues are also viewed as opportunity wood.  2, record 5, English, - opportunity%20wood

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ressources potentielles en biomasse ligneuse pouvant être récupérées à la suite de perturbations naturelles (par exemple, bois d'arbres endommagés par des insectes ravageurs comme le dendroctone du pin ponderosa, par des agents pathogènes ou par le feu ou le vent) ou à la suite d'activités d'exploitation (par exemple, arbres de petit diamètre ou autres arbres laissés sur pied).  2, record 5, French, - bois%20d%27occasion

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les résidus d'exploitation et de construction sont parfois aussi considérés comme du bois d'occasion.  2, record 5, French, - bois%20d%27occasion

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We have used biomass energy or "bioenergy"-the energy from plants and plant-derived materials-since people began burning wood to cook food and keep warm. Wood is still the largest biomass energy resource today, but other sources of biomass can also be used. These include food crops, grassy and woody plants, residues from agriculture or forestry, and the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes. Even the fumes from landfills(which are methane, a natural gas) can be used as a biomass energy source.  3, record 6, English, - bioenergy

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'énergie de la biomasse est tirée essentiellement de déchets forestiers, urbains et agricoles. La biomasse se subdivise donc en trois catégories : biomasse forestière qui provient de branches et résidus de coupe, d'écorces, de sciures, de houppiers, d'aiguilles de conifères et d'autres déchets forestiers; biomasse agroalimentaire qui découle en majeure partie de production végétale et animale de même que de résidus des champs; biomasse urbaine qui se compose de déchets municipaux, commerciaux et industriels.  5, record 6, French, - bio%C3%A9nergie

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Energía renovable originada, gracias a la luz del Sol y mediante la fotosíntesis por la materia vegetal y los hidratos de carbono sintetizados por las plantas.  3, record 6, Spanish, - bioenerg%C3%ADa

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are many ways that forest biomass-either purpose-grown(that is, in plantations) or in the form of opportunity wood, forestry residues, silvicultural thinnings, or municipal woody waste-can be converted into usable forms of energy.  4, record 7, English, - forest%20biomass

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

woody biomass: In this expression the adjective "woody" refers to the biomass pertaining to a wood or a forest. In the field of plant biology, "woody biomass" refers to the ligneous nature of the biomass.  5, record 7, English, - forest%20biomass

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il y a de nombreuses façons de transformer la biomasse forestière - qu'elle soit cultivée spécialement à cette fin (à savoir, en plantations) ou sous forme de bois d'occasion, de résidus forestiers, de produits d'éclaircie ou de déchets ligneux de municipalités - en formes d'énergie utilisables.  3, record 7, French, - biomasse%20foresti%C3%A8re

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Advanced biofuels use pre-commercial technologies using non-food crops, agricultural and forest residues. These materials are composed of 3 primary building blocks : cellulose, hemicellulose or lignin. Advanced biofuels can either be blended with petroleum-based fuels... or... dedicated for the use in slightly adapted vehicles with internal combustion engines... Advanced fuels can be produced from waste materials, stalks of wheat and corn, wood and dedicated energy crops.  2, record 8, English, - advanced%20biofuel

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Many advanced biofuels are under development including cellulosic ethanol, biomethanol, DMF [2,5-dimethylfuran], Bio-DME [dimethyl ether], Fischer-Tropsch diesel, mixed alcohols and wood diesel. Some of these fuels are still in the early stages of development and can include algal biofuels and hydrogen from biomass.  2, record 8, English, - advanced%20biofuel

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Second- and third-generation biofuels are also called advanced biofuels.  3, record 8, English, - advanced%20biofuel

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

There is considerable debate on how to classify biofuels. Biofuels are commonly divided into first-, second- and third-generation biofuels, but the same fuel might be classified differently depending on whether technology maturity, GHG [greenhouse gas] emission balance or the feedstock is used to guide the distinction.  4, record 8, English, - advanced%20biofuel

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

advanced biofuel: the term is often used as a synonym for "second-generation biofuel," though it now encompasses all biofuels that are not first-generation.  5, record 8, English, - advanced%20biofuel

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] biocarburant issu de la biomasse lignocellulosique, des algues [ou] de manière plus générale du vivant.  2, record 8, French, - biocarburant%20avanc%C3%A9

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les biocarburants avancés seront utilisés dans le secteur des transports (terrestres, mais aussi aériens, maritimes, fluviaux, voire ferroviaires) et pourront être envisagés comme combustibles pour des applications stationnaires.  3, record 8, French, - biocarburant%20avanc%C3%A9

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les biocarburants dits «avancés» à savoir de 2ème et de 3ème génération n’ont pas encore atteint le stade industriel et sont au stade de recherche et développement.  4, record 8, French, - biocarburant%20avanc%C3%A9

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

biocarburant avancé : souvent on trouve ce terme comme synonyme de «biocarburant de seconde génération», mais maintenant il se rapport à tous les biocarburants qui ne sont pas de la première génération.  5, record 8, French, - biocarburant%20avanc%C3%A9

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A crop used as a source of energy, such as sugar cane.  3, record 9, English, - energy%20crop

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The first biomass factories can and should use available feedstocks such as agricultural residues, wood wastes, and municipal solid wastes.... There can be an intermediate phase where marginal lands or set-aside acreage are used for energy crops. [Aquatic] plants are probably going to become the ultimate energy crops because productivity can be very high and because the oceans will be relatively unexploited when all the good croplands are in use.  4, record 9, English, - energy%20crop

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Culture utilisée spécialement, pour la production d'énergie, par exemple topinambour; canne à sucre.  2, record 9, French, - culture%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cultivos para producir biomasa con fines energéticos.  2, record 9, Spanish, - cultivo%20energ%C3%A9tico

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tertiary biomass includes post consumer residues and wastes, such as fats, greases, oils, construction and demolition wood debris, other waste wood from the urban environments, as well as packaging wastes, municipal solid wastes, and landfill gases.  2, record 10, English, - tertiary%20biomass

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Par des processus naturels (notamment la chaîne alimentaire) et constructifs (notamment la fermentation), la biomasse primaire peut être transformée en biomasse secondaire (ex. purin) et tertiaire (ex. biogaz).  1, record 10, French, - biomasse%20tertiaire

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La biomasse tertiaire comprend les résidus et les déchets post-consommation.  2, record 10, French, - biomasse%20tertiaire

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... process of pyrolysis of vegetable waste(agricultural residues, wild-grown biomass), which transforms it into green charcoal. That domestic fuel performs the same as charcoal made from wood, but at half the cost.  4, record 11, English, - green%20charcoal

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le charbon vert est du charbon qui est produit sans bois, à partir de tout déchet végétal. En effet, il existe de nombreux rejets et résidus qui ne sont ni consommés ni utilisés: pailles diverses, restes de cultures tels les tiges de coton, de mil, de roseau, etc. Le produit se présente sous forme de briquettes faciles à utiliser et sans dégagement de méthane.  3, record 11, French, - charbon%20vert

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le charbon de biomasse est pratiquement 2 fois moins cher que le charbon de bois.  4, record 11, French, - charbon%20vert

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fluidized-bed combustion provides a clean, efficient means of burning high-sulphur coal, of firing coal and wood waste, and of using waste materials such as coal washery rejects and residues from heavy oil upgraders.  1, record 12, English, - high%2Dsulphur%20coal

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to "clean coal" which has 90% of its sulphur removed.  6, record 12, English, - high%2Dsulphur%20coal

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La combustion en lit fluidisé (CLF) est un moyen efficace et propre de brûler du charbon à haute teneur en soufre ainsi que des déchets de charbon de bois.  5, record 12, French, - charbon%20%C3%A0%20forte%20teneur%20en%20soufre

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Refiners can use chips as well as wood sawdust which is the typical feedstock when sawmill residues are available.  2, record 13, English, - sawmill%20residues

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] chutes de sciage [...] Par exemple : dosses, délignures, et chutes de tronçonnage.  2, record 13, French, - tomb%C3%A9es%20de%20sciage

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tombées de sciage; chutes de sciage : termes rarement utilisés au singulier (tombée de sciage; chute de sciage).  3, record 13, French, - tomb%C3%A9es%20de%20sciage

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The separation of e.g., biomass oils or coal fluids through the use of a solvent sequence followed by an analysis by chromatography.  2, record 14, English, - sequential%20elution%20by%20solvents%2Dchromatography

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Farcasiu had already developed SESC (sequential elution by solvents-chromatography) for separating coal fluids into distinct chemical classes. The method seemed even better suited for the separation of biomass oils which, unlike coal products, have no nitrogenous fraction to deal with....  1, record 14, English, - sequential%20elution%20by%20solvents%2Dchromatography

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The original SESC technique required only slight modification for the purpose at hand. Since wood oil is virtually devoid of aliphatic hydrocarbons, the first step, elution with hexane, was omitted. Whatever amount of this fraction, F1, does exist is eluted along with the aromatic hydrocarbons by 15% benzene-hexane in the present technique. This hydrocarbon fraction is designated F1, 2. Also, we have found acetic acid to be superior to pyridine for removing the last wood oil residues from the column.  1, record 14, English, - sequential%20elution%20by%20solvents%2Dchromatography

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

biomass materials with low moisture content, generally 8% to 10%.  2, record 15, English, - dry%20fuel

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The allowable moisture content for dry fuel varies with requirements of the combustion or gasification system.  2, record 15, English, - dry%20fuel

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The residue fired thermal oil heater ... utilizes a factory pre-fabricated system, consisting of the burner and thermal oil heater, minimizing the amount of field direction required. These units are offered in two configurations, one for burning dry fuel, and the other suitable for wet hogged fuel.  3, record 15, English, - dry%20fuel

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The principal coastal lumber mills consume most of their own wood residues to generate steam and power.  4, record 15, English, - dry%20fuel

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La figure 3 permet de comparer une chaudière pour combustible humide (cas 1) avec une chaudière pour combustible sec (cas 2) [...] Quand on utilise un combustible sec, on peut réduire le volume d'air, de sorte que la teneur en [gaz carbonique] des gaz de combustion dans le cas 2 est de 14 % et que la température des gaz brûlés à la sortie du sécheur est supposé [sic] être de 95 °C.  1, record 15, French, - combustible%20sec

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les déchets de bois, en particulier l'écorce, sont des combustibles très importants dans l'industrie scandinave du bois.  1, record 15, French, - combustible%20sec

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish