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WORLD ECONOMIC CRISIS [3 records]

Record 1 2025-10-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • National and International Economics
  • Foreign Trade
CONT

In the wake of the economic crisis, [governments] around the world are faced with a variety of pressures from both the business community and the general public who are seeking protection from the economic recession and its social consequences. [Governments] are responding to [these] protectionist pressures...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Économie nationale et internationale
  • Commerce extérieur
CONT

Au lendemain de la crise économique, les [gouvernements] du monde entier sont soumis à diverses pressions des entreprises et de l'opinion publique qui cherchent un moyen de protection contre la récession économique et ses conséquences sociales. [Les gouvernements] répondent [à ces] pressions protectionnistes [...]

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2002-07-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Corporate Economics
  • Motor Vehicles and Bicycles
CONT

Since 1973 industrialised countries have been undergoing a major economic crisis. In the car manufacturing industry, world production plummeted from 39 million vehicles in 1973 to less than 35 million in 1974. Many firms have started to make losses. In this general climate, one manufacturer stood out with better results-Toyota. The other firms asked themselves why this was, and discovered that this Japanese car maker had gone over to a different method of production to that which was prevalent at the time. Instead of applying the principles developed by Ford, like its competitors, Toyota has developed a particular way of organising its production which gave both higher efficiency and better profitability. Just as the innovations in the methods of production inaugurated by Ford in Detroit at the beginning of the century are known as Fordism, so the new methods of working are called Toyotism.

OBS

The fundamental characteristics of this system are: autonomation, just-in-time management of supplies, team working, management by stress, flexibility of the work force, use of sub-contractors and participatory management. Some of these are well known, others less so.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Économie de l'entreprise
  • Véhicules automobiles et bicyclettes
CONT

Depuis 1973, les pays industrialisés subissent une crise économique importante. Dans l'industrie automobile, la production mondiale de véhicules a chuté de 39 millions en 1973 à moins de 35 millions en 1974. De nombreuses firmes ont commencé à enregistrer des pertes. Dans ce contexte, un constructeur avait de meilleures performances: Toyota. Les autres entreprises se sont demandées pourquoi en est-il ainsi et elles ont découvert que la firme japonaise s'appuyait sur un autre système de production que celui qui dominait à l'époque. Au lieu d'appliquer le fordisme comme ses concurrentes, Toyota avait développé une organisation particulière de la production qui la rendait plus efficace et donc plus performante. Comme le fordisme était le produit des innovations inaugurées au début du siècle aux usines Ford de Detroit, on a appelé ces nouvelles méthodes de travail le toyotisme.

OBS

Les caractéristiques essentielles de ce système sont: l'autonomation, le just-in-time, le travail en team, le management by stress, la flexibilité du travailleur, la sous-traitance et le management participatif. Certains sont connus, d'autres un peu moins.

Spanish

Save record 2

Record 3 1999-03-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • National and International Economics
CONT

We are experiencing a crisis of the presidency in Washington; a near-collapse of the state in Russia; the prospect of a second Asian shock wave; a spectacular decline in the Latin American markets ...

DEF

Economic crisis that spreads to the world.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Économie nationale et internationale
CONT

Nous assistons aujourd'hui à une crise de la présidence aux États-Unis, au quasi-effondrement de l'État en Russie, à la perspective d'une deuxième onde de choc asiatique, à un déclin spectaculaire des marchés latino-américains [...]

DEF

Crise économique qui se répand dans le monde entier.

Spanish

Save record 3

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