TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Agent-based modeling differs from traditional, regression-based methods in that, like systems dynamics modeling, it allows for the exploration of complex systems that display non-independence of individuals and feedback loops in causal mechanisms. It is not limited to observed data and can be used to model the counterfactual or experiments that may be impossible or unethical to conduct in the real world. However, agent-based modeling is not without its limitations. The data parameters(such as the reproductive rate for infectious diseases) are often difficult to find in the literature. In addition, the validity of the model can be difficult to assess, particularly when modeling unobserved associations.  5, record 1, English, - agent%2Dbased%20modelling

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La modélisation à base d'agents constitue le cadre méthodologique employé. Techniquement, il s'agit de systèmes informatiques composés d'entités appelées agents, qui interagissent mutuellement ou avec leur environnement, qui possèdent le plus souvent un but ou un objectif à atteindre et qui procèdent selon des modes de coopération, de concurrence ou de coexistence.  2, record 1, French, - mod%C3%A9lisation%20%C3%A0%20base%20d%27agents

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are approximately 250 permanent observatories in operation around the world. These stations take continuous measurements of the Earth's magnetic field and report these values to World Data Centers.... Most of the data used in modeling the main field comes from the high quality magnetic satellites : Polar Orbiting Geophysical Observatory(POGO 1965-1971) [;] Magnetic Field Satellite(Magsat 1979-1980)...  2, record 2, English, - Polar%20Orbiting%20Geophysical%20Observatory

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ISCCP was established in 1982 as part of the World Climate Research Programme(WCRP) to collect and analyse satellite radiance measurements to infer the global distribution of clouds, their properties, and their diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variations. The resulting datasets and analysis products are being used to improve understanding and modeling of the role of clouds in climate, with the primary focus being the elucidation of the effects of clouds on the radiation balance.  3, record 3, English, - International%20Satellite%20Cloud%20Climatology%20Project

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Builder, an Interactive Molecular Construction Utility-Structural Modeling using Virtual Reality on the Web. In our paper we show how virtual reality(VR) working over the World Wide Web could be used by chemists and biochemists as an extremely powerful tool in analysing data and disseminating information as well as an interactive learning tool. We present examples of how we are using VR to investigate and visualise otherwise complex data and provide tools that convert experimental data to VR scenes.  1, record 4, English, - structural%20modeling

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Except taken from: Builder, an Interactive Molecular Construction Utility- Structural Modeling using Virtual Reality on the Web, by Barry J. Hardy and Alan J. Robinson.... at the INTERNET address mentioned in b.  2, record 4, English, - structural%20modeling

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À tout objet macromoléculaire (acide nucléique ou protéine) est désormais associé l'ensemble des relations que cet objet peut établir avec le milieu qui l'entoure. Ces relations sont conçues comme des reconnaissances entre distributions spatiales d'atomes. Par conséquent, la modélisation structurale de l'objet doit, en principe, fournir l'explication première de ses relations fonctionnelles potentielles et, mieux encore, permettre de prédire ces relations.  1, record 4, French, - mod%C3%A9lisation%20structurale

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Knowledge engineering tools... are designed to facilitate the rapid development of knowledge systems... They incorporate... specific strategies for representation, inference and control. They contain elementary constructs for modeling the world that determine the sorts of problems they can easily handle.  2, record 5, English, - knowledge%20engineering%20tool

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 DEF

The programming language and support package used to build the expert system.  7, record 5, English, - knowledge%20engineering%20tool

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Most tools contain an inference engine and various user interface and knowledge acquisition aids and lack a knowledge base. Expert system building tools tend to incorporate restrictions that make them easy to use for certain purposes and hard to impossible to use for other purposes. In acquiring a tool, one must be careful to select a tool that is appropriate for the type of expert system one wishes to build. More broadly, a tool is a shell that allows the user to rapidly develop a system that contains specific data. In this sense, an electronic spreadsheet program is a tool. When the user enters financial data, he or she creates a system that will do specific financial projections just as the knowledge engineer uses a tool to create an expert system that will offer advice about a specific type of problem.  2, record 5, English, - knowledge%20engineering%20tool

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also knowledge engineering toolkit.  8, record 5, English, - knowledge%20engineering%20tool

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

knowledge engineering tool: Term standardized by ISO/IEC. See also "knowledge engineering toolkit".  8, record 5, English, - knowledge%20engineering%20tool

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Programme, progiciel ou système conçu spécifiquement pour simplifier et accélérer le construction de systèmes experts.  5, record 5, French, - outil%20de%20g%C3%A9nie%20cognitif

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Outils incluant divers types de représentations, des éditeurs spécialisés, des outils de mise au point de bases de connaissance, des outils de simulation du raisonnement, etc. Les plus connus sont KEE, ART, Knowledge Craft, S1, Nexpert Object, KOOL, SMECI, EMICAT, etc.  6, record 5, French, - outil%20de%20g%C3%A9nie%20cognitif

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces outils comportent des stratégies de représentation des connaissances, d'inférence et de contrôle, ainsi que des structures de modélisation par classes de problèmes. Il fournissent au développeur une quantité importante d'éléments préprogrammés qui seraient autrement écrits, vérifiés et corrigés pour chaque système expert. Notion générale qui inclut les environnements, les génériques et les spécifiques de développement, les générateurs de SE et les systèmes essentiels.  5, record 5, French, - outil%20de%20g%C3%A9nie%20cognitif

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

outil de génie cognitif : terme normalisé par ISO/CEI.  7, record 5, French, - outil%20de%20g%C3%A9nie%20cognitif

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fractal Image Compression is about the mathematical ideas that lie behind the photographs and other pictures on Encarta. They are all fractals! They are stored as highly compressed data files produced using fractal image compression. Fractal image compression involves three basic mathematical modeling problems. The required models are [:] a mathematical model for real world image, a model for approximating model images by means of resolution independent image approximants, which must be described by finite data strings, and a computationally tractable model for the sources of the data strings, to enable the application of information theory to provide efficient representation of the image approximants.  2, record 6, English, - fractal%20image%20compression

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Suppression automatique de tous les octets superflus dans une image numérisée, à l'aide d'algorithmes fractals qui combinent la théorie de l'information et la perception visuelle pour décrire des formes compliquées au moyen de formules très simples. Le stockage de ces formules permet la reconstruction par itération des images de départ.  1, record 6, French, - compression%20fractale%20d%27images

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les images codées en formules fractales ont un taux de compression de 70:1 et sont reconstruites sans aucune détérioration. Or, au-delà d'un taux de l0:1, les techniques habituelles risquent fort de nuire à la reconstruction de l'image. Technique déjà appliquée avec succès à la compression d'images sismiques en utilisant un algorithme fractal inspiré de la courbe de Peano. Voir les travaux récents de M. Barnsley.  1, record 6, French, - compression%20fractale%20d%27images

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

compression fractale automatique, manuelle.  1, record 6, French, - compression%20fractale%20d%27images

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 PHR

compression fractale à échelle de gris.  1, record 6, French, - compression%20fractale%20d%27images

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish