TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

anti-dumping measures: Laws and regulations designed to counter dumping.  4, record 1, English, - antidumping%20measure

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If a company exports a product at a price lower than the price it normally charges on its own home market, it is said to be "dumping" the product.... many governments take action against dumping in order to defend their domestic industries. The WTO [World Trade Organization] agreement... disciplines anti-dumping actions...  3, record 1, English, - antidumping%20measure

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

antidumping measure; anti-dumping measure: designations usually used in the plural.  5, record 1, English, - antidumping%20measure

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

mesures antidumping : Lois et réglementation visant à lutter contre le dumping.  3, record 1, French, - mesure%20antidumping

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si une entreprise exporte un produit à un prix inférieur à celui qu'elle pratique normalement sur son propre marché intérieur, on dit qu'elle pratique le «dumping». [...] de nombreux gouvernements interviennent contre le dumping pour défendre leurs branches de production nationales. L'accord de l'OMC [Organisation mondiale du commerce] [...] discipline les mesures antidumping [...]  4, record 1, French, - mesure%20antidumping

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mesure antidumping : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  5, record 1, French, - mesure%20antidumping

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Medida de salvaguardia que se establece para aquellos casos en que el precio de importación de un producto en un territorio aduanero sea inferior a su valor normal, o a su precio comercial en el país de origen más los gastos de transporte.  1, record 1, Spanish, - medida%20antidescarga

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

medida antidescarga: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 1, Spanish, - medida%20antidescarga

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... sugar producers are supported by a sugar regime which is administered as part of [a] common agricultural policy... This regime guarantees sugar producers in the member countries a price for sugar [that] is higher than the world price. The [domestic] market is shielded from the fluctuations of prices in the international market through a system of variable import levies... The variable import levies are used to prevent lower-priced imports from entering the market.  2, record 2, English, - variable%20import%20levy

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

variable import levy: designation usually used in the plural.  3, record 2, English, - variable%20import%20levy

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les producteurs de sucre sont soutenus par un régime du sucre qui s'inscrit dans [une] politique agricole commune [...] Ce régime garantit aux producteurs de sucre des pays membres un prix qui est supérieur au prix mondial. Le marché [domestique] est protégé contre les fluctuations de prix sur le marché international par un système de prélèvements variables à l'importation [...] Les prélèvements variables à l'importation empêchent les importations à faible prix d'entrer sur le marché.  2, record 2, French, - pr%C3%A9l%C3%A8vement%20variable%20%C3%A0%20l%27importation

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prélèvement variable à l'importation : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  3, record 2, French, - pr%C3%A9l%C3%A8vement%20variable%20%C3%A0%20l%27importation

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A tariff that is adjusted according to the relationship between the domestic price and the world market price for a commodity.  1, record 3, English, - variable%20duty

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

variable duty; variable tariff: designations usually used in the plural.  3, record 3, English, - variable%20duty

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Droit dont le montant est ajusté en fonction de l'écart entre le prix sur le marché intérieur et le prix sur le marché mondial pour un produit de base.  3, record 3, French, - droit%20variable

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit variable; droit de douane variable : désignations habituellement utilisées au pluriel.  4, record 3, French, - droit%20variable

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the world of investing, anchoring bias manifests when investors rely heavily on initial information, such as past performance or a specific price, when making decision. For example, if an investor sees a stock at a historically low price, they may anchor their expectations of its future performance solely based on that low price, without considering other relevant factors.  1, record 4, English, - anchoring%20bias

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le biais d'ancrage se produit lorsque les individus restent trop attachés à l'ancre initiale et qu'ils ne procèdent pas à des ajustements suffisants par rapport à cette valeur, même si l'ancre est arbitraire ou non pertinente. Par exemple, lorsque des individus doivent estimer la hauteur d'une montagne après avoir été exposés à un chiffre aléatoire, leurs estimations sont influencées par ce chiffre, même s'il est complètement non pertinent [...]  1, record 4, French, - biais%20d%27ancrage

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Crop producers and agribusiness entities around the world are realizing that yield-based insurance alone will not offset the risk of adverse price movements during the growing season. Producers may, for example, achieve above-average crop yields only to find that total revenues have substantially declined due to price decreases.  1, record 5, English, - yield%2Dbased%20insurance

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El proceso de indemnización en un seguro de rendimiento busca cubrir los costos de producción por la cosecha no alcanzada a causa de un riesgo cubierto por la póliza.  1, record 5, Spanish, - seguro%20de%20rendimiento

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under the old program, Canadian farmers paid an in-quota levy to finance export subsidies. Export subsidies allowed Canada to sell dairy products on the world market at a lower price than could be realized domestically.  2, record 6, English, - in%2Dquota%20levy

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contingente arancelario [...] Las importaciones dentro del contingente entran con un tipo arancelario más bajo (dentro del contingente) mientras que para las importaciones que superan el nivel de acceso en condiciones favorables se emplea un tipo arancelario más alto (fuera del contingente). [...] Una medida de control de la oferta para limitar el volumen de leche producido o suministrado. Hasta un contingente determinado, existe el beneficio del pleno sostenimiento de los precios del mercado. Por los volúmenes que superan el contingente se paga un gravamen (de hasta 115% del precio indicativo, como en la Unión Europea) o se recibe un precio más bajo.  2, record 6, Spanish, - gravamen%20intra%20contingente

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

world manufacturing export price deflator : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 7, English, - world%20manufacturing%20export%20price%20deflator

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

indice implicite des prix mondiaux à l'exportation des produits manufacturés : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 7, French, - indice%20implicite%20des%20prix%20mondiaux%20%C3%A0%20l%27exportation%20des%20produits%20manufactur%C3%A9s

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

world commodity spot price index : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 8, English, - world%20commodity%20spot%20price%20index

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour les produits de base.  1, record 8, French, - indice%20mondial%20des%20prix%20du%20disponible

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

indice mondial des prix du disponible : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 8, French, - indice%20mondial%20des%20prix%20du%20disponible

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A relatively new proposal is to use a Production Entitlement Guarantee(PEG) to provide direct income transfers to farmers(International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium 1988b). A PEG is [a] prespecified limit on the quantity of production for which a producer would be entitled to receive a guaranteed price. Each farmer would be able to produce as much output as he likes but only the PEG quantity would receive the higher price. All other production would be at world market prices.  3, record 9, English, - production%20entitlement%20guarantee

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

production entitlement guarantee; PEG: term and abbreviation extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  4, record 9, English, - production%20entitlement%20guarantee

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La consolidation des restrictions de l'offre, qui découlent de la persistance des excédents, de la plus grande ouverture des marchés et de la réduction des exportations subventionnées à la suite de l'Accord du cycle de l'Uruguay, s'est en outre traduite par l'établissement, secteur par secteur, de mécanismes stabilisateurs, donnant lieu, dans certains cas, à un droit de production ou un droit de garantie en faveur des agriculteurs ou des industriels européens.  2, record 9, French, - garantie%20de%20droit%20de%20production

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

garantie de droit de production : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 9, French, - garantie%20de%20droit%20de%20production

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Industry Commission publishes two key measures of total Commonwealth Government assistance to industry: the nominal rate of assistance which is the percentage change in gross returns per unit of output relative to the (hypothetical) situation of no assistance.  3, record 10, English, - nominal%20rate%20of%20assistance

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The following subsidy indicators exist :... the nominal rate of assistance, defined as the relative difference between unit gross returns to producers for domestic output and the world price...  4, record 10, English, - nominal%20rate%20of%20assistance

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nominal rate of assistance; NRA: term and abbreviation extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  5, record 10, English, - nominal%20rate%20of%20assistance

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

taux nominal d'aide : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 10, French, - taux%20nominal%20d%27aide

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The value of a crude to a refiner at its source of supply.  3, record 11, English, - netback%20price

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The North Slope of Alaska is a long way from petroleum markets, and its climate is inhospitable. North Slope crude may sell at world market levels on the Gulf Coast, but its netback price at the field in Alaska is $5 to $8 per barrel lower.  1, record 11, English, - netback%20price

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The netback price] is calculated by deducting the costs of refining (variable), freight, working capital, insurance, losses and any other relevant allowances from the GPW [Gross Product Worth].  3, record 11, English, - netback%20price

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Prix du pétrole brut déterminé sur la base des prix réels des produits vendus sur le marché en retranchant une marge de raffinage et un coût de transport.  1, record 11, French, - prix%20de%20valorisation

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le nouveau mot d'ordre était de reprendre une part raisonnable du marché, que la «tricherie» de certains membres de l'O.P.E.P., qui produisaient au-delà de leur quota, et la croissance de la production en dehors de l'O.P.E.P. avaient érodé. L'outil de ce changement de cap fut trouvé dans les contrats «netback», qui modulent le prix du brut sur sa valeur marchande une fois raffiné.  3, record 11, French, - prix%20de%20valorisation

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a chain Fisher price index of the spot or transaction prices in U. S. dollars of 24 commodities produced in Canada and sold in world markets.  1, record 12, English, - Bank%20of%20Canada%20commodity%20price%20index

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] indice des cours au comptant en dollars É.-U. de 24 matières premières produites au Canada et vendues sur les marchés mondiaux.  1, record 12, French, - indice%20des%20prix%20des%20produits%20de%20base%20de%20la%20Banque%20du%20Canada

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A constant price income measure, the real gross national disposable income(RGNDI) measures the real purchasing power of national disposable income, by taking account of changes in the terms of trade(the relative value of exports and imports) and the real value of net investment and transfer incomes with the rest of the world.  2, record 13, English, - real%20gross%20national%20disposable%20income

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This ruling deals with a complaint claiming that the defendant set an excessive price for transferring its rights to televise World Cup qualifying matches. The complainant is the licensee of a non-subscription television channel and two radio stations in the city of Córdoba, while Durford is a Panamanian company that acquired Argentine transmission rights over several of the qualifying matches of the 1998 World Cup.  5, record 14, English, - broadcasting%20right

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Droit protégeant la transmission d'une émission par radiotélévision.  1, record 14, French, - droit%20d%27antenne

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Durford es una empresa panameña que adquirió los derechos de transmisión para el interior de la República Argentina de varios partidos de las eliminatorias del mundial de fútbol de 1998.  2, record 14, Spanish, - derecho%20de%20transmisi%C3%B3n

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Export Prices : Historically Low but Stronger than Domestic Prices. Canada is a minor player and price taker in the world feed barley market.  2, record 15, English, - minor%20player

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under what is known as the two-price wheat policy, the Canadian consumer is protected from the high prices prevailing in world markets. Canadian mills buy wheat at export prices within a range established by the federal government. They do not pay more than the maximum nor less than the minimum price for their purchases. The minimum and maximum levels are altered periodically in response to long-term price trends.  1, record 16, English, - within%20a%20range

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En vertu de ce que l'on appelle la politique du double prix, le consommateur canadien est protégé contre les prix élevés payés sur les marchés mondiaux. Les meuneries canadiennes achètent leur blé à des prix d'exportation situés entre deux niveaux établis par le gouvernement fédéral. Elles ne paient pas plus qu'un prix maximum ni moins qu'un prix minimum pour les achats. Les niveaux minimum et maximum sont modifiés périodiquement pour suivre les tendances des prix à long terme.  1, record 16, French, - entre%20deux%20niveaux

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under what is known as the two-price wheat policy, the Canadian consumer is protected from the high prices prevailing in world markets. Canadian mills buy wheat at export prices within a range established by the federal government. They do not pay more than the maximum nor less than the minimum price for their purchases. The minimum and maximum levels are altered periodically in response to long-term price trends.  1, record 17, English, - two%2Dprice%20wheat%20policy

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En vertu de ce que l'on appelle la politique du double prix, le consommateur canadien est protégé contre les prix élevés payés sur les marchés mondiaux. Les meuneries canadiennes achètent leur blé à des prix d'exportation situés entre deux niveaux établis par le gouvernement fédéral. Elles ne paient pas plus qu'un prix maximum ni moins qu'un prix minimum pour les achats. Les niveaux minimum et maximum sont modifiés périodiquement pour suivre les tendances des prix à long terme.  1, record 17, French, - politique%20du%20double%20prix

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under what is known as the two-price wheat policy, the Canadian consumer is protected from the high prices prevailing in world markets. Canadian mills buy wheat at export prices within a range established by the federal government. They do not pay more than the maximum nor less than the minimum price for their purchases. The minimum and maximum levels are altered periodically in response to long-term price trends.  1, record 18, English, - long%2Dterm%20price%20trend

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En vertu de ce que l'on appelle la politique du double prix, le consommateur canadien est protégé contre les prix élevés payés sur les marchés mondiaux. Les meuneries canadiennes achètent leur blé à des prix d'exportation situés entre deux niveaux établis par le gouvernement fédéral. Elles ne paient pas plus qu'un prix maximum ni moins qu'un prix minimum pour les achats. Les niveaux minimum et maximum sont modifiés périodiquement pour suivre les tendances des prix à long terme.  1, record 18, French, - tendance%20des%20prix%20%C3%A0%20long%20terme

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The price of crude oil is generally set by the world market based on supply and demand. As a result, when demand increases and stocks decrease, the price of crude oil increases, but many other factors can affect the price of crude oil, which is the main component in the gasoline pump price.  1, record 19, English, - price%20of%20crude%20oil

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le prix du pétrole brut est normalement fixé par le marché mondial, en fonction de l'offre et la demande. Ainsi, lorsque la demande augmente et que les stocks baissent, le prix du brut monte, mais bien d'autres facteurs peuvent influencer le prix du brut, lequel représente la principale composante du prix de l'essence à la pompe.  1, record 19, French, - prix%20du%20p%C3%A9trole%20brut

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This largely reflects the significant price shocks hitting the Canadian economy during this period, particularly the marked rise in the world price of oil.  1, record 20, English, - price%20shock

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cette évolution est attribuable en grande partie aux importants chocs de prix qui ont frappé l’économie canadienne, en particulier la forte montée des cours mondiaux du pétrole.  1, record 20, French, - choc%20de%20prix

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because Canada is a large producer and net exporter of resource-based goods, the Canadian dollar is often referred to as a commodity-based currency. In other words, the value of the Canadian dollar is correlated to the strength of world commodity prices. When world commodity prices are high, then resource-based industries in Canada are more profitable, making the Canadian economy stronger and thus attracting investment and placing upward pressure on the Canadian dollar. When commodity prices fall, they undercut revenues for resource-based firms, eroding profits, dampening the domestic economy and pushing down the Canadian dollar.  1, record 21, English, - world%20commodity%20price

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

world commodity price : term usually used in the plural.  2, record 21, English, - world%20commodity%20price

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comme le Canada est un producteur et exportateur net important de produits à base de matières premières, on dit souvent que le dollar canadien est une devise tributaire des produits de base : sa valeur est liée à la force du cours mondial de ces produits. Lorsque celui-ci est élevé, les industries primaires canadiennes réalisent de meilleurs bénéfices, ce qui renforce l'économie et, par conséquent, attire les investisseurs et fait monter le dollar. Lorsque le cours des produits de base tombe, les recettes du secteur primaire s'amenuisent, ses bénéfices diminuent, l'économie ralentit et le dollar canadien baisse.  1, record 21, French, - cours%20mondial%20des%20produits%20de%20base

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

cours mondial des produits de base; prix mondial des produits de base : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  3, record 21, French, - cours%20mondial%20des%20produits%20de%20base

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Country that exports or imports in insufficient quantities to influence market price and is obliged to sell its goods at the price set by major exporters.  3, record 22, English, - price%2Dtaker

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Canada is a net exporter of crude oil and gasoline. According to the U. S. Energy Information Administration, Canada accounts for 3% of the world supply of oil. Canada is a price taker for crude oil and gasoline. This means that Canadian producers take the price on the open market and do not directly influence the world price of gasoline independently.  4, record 22, English, - price%2Dtaker

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Canada est un exportateur net de pétrole brut et d'essence. D'après l'U.S. Energy Information Administration, le Canada contribue pour 3 % de la production mondiale de pétrole. Le Canada est un preneur de prix dans le cas du pétrole brut et de l'essence, ce qui signifie que les producteurs canadiens prennent le prix du marché libre et n'exercent pas à eux seuls d'influence sur les prix mondiaux de l'essence.  1, record 22, French, - preneur%20de%20prix

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The theory holding that if two kinds of money in circulation have the same denominational value but different intrinsic values, the money with higher intrinsic value will be hoarded and eventually driven out of circulation by the money with lesser intrinsic value.  2, record 23, English, - Gresham%27s%20law

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Even if all countries went on the same 16/1 ratio, any tendency for mines to pour out the two metals at substantially different rates would lead to the free market's bidding their price ratios to some figure other than 16/1; and in this case, by a form of what is known as Gresham's Law-"Cheap money drives out good"-the result would be that the cheapest metal in the market place would all be given to Treasuries of the different countries, and in effect the world be on a single standard again-that of the cheapest metal.  3, record 23, English, - Gresham%27s%20law

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Observation du fait que, lorsque deux monnaies métalliques circulent concurremment (bimétallisme), la «mauvaise» (celle qui inspire le moins confiance) chasse la «bonne» (qui disparaît car on la thésaurise). Inéluctablement, le monométallisme finit par s'imposer de lui-même.  2, record 23, French, - loi%20de%20Gresham

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Loi monétaire selon laquelle la «mauvaise monnaie chasse la bonne».  3, record 23, French, - loi%20de%20Gresham

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les conditions d'apparition du phénomène [de la loi de Gresham] peuvent tenir à la circulation de deux monnaies d'un même métal, mais dont l'une est suspecte (moins riche en métal, moins appréciée...); la circulation de deux monnaies de deux métaux différents d'inégale réputation; la circulation d'un papier-monnaie inconvertible et d'une monnaie métallique.  3, record 23, French, - loi%20de%20Gresham

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Según esta ley, si existen dos tipos diferentes de moneda en circulación, la "moneda mala" (la más débil) finalmente expulsará de la circulación a la buena. Esta ley fue formulada por el inglés Thomas Gresham (1519-1579), quien, como resultado de un estudio que realizó sobre los patrones y sistemas monetarios, llegó a la conclusión de que tiene validez histórica. La buena moneda es retirada de la circulación y atesorada por su valor intrínseco.  2, record 23, Spanish, - Ley%20de%20Gresham

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Support is provided by the Domestic Wheat Pricing Policy to the extent that the domestic price for wheat exceeds the world market price.  1, record 24, English, - Domestic%20Wheat%20Pricing%20Policy

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La politique nationale de fixation des prix du blé fournit un soutien aux producteurs dans la mesure où le prix intérieur du blé excède le prix pratiqué sur le marché mondial.  2, record 24, French, - Politique%20nationale%20de%20fixation%20des%20prix%20du%20bl%C3%A9

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a world where everything changes, where no price remains constant, why try to build an international edifice on a foundation of inflexible exchange rates?  1, record 25, English, - inflexible%20exchange%20rate

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The world price for a commodity or product, set by an international organization.  2, record 26, English, - trigger%20price

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Main demand drivers are: aging population, geographic dispersion, access to health care, informed consumer, cost containment pressure, CPE demand (licensing requirements increasing.  2, record 27, English, - CPE%20demand

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Starting with today's level on non-CPE oil demand and prices we linked world oil demand growth positively with economic growth and negatively with price...  3, record 27, English, - CPE%20demand

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les principaux facteurs qui motivent la demande sont les suivants : le vieillissement de la population, la dispersion géographique, l'accès aux soins de santé, le consommateur averti, la pression de compression des coûts, la demande des PEP (croissance des exigences d'octroi de licences).  2, record 27, French, - demande%20des%20PEP

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The world’s most prolific crude oil, frequently used as a marker crude in establishing the prices of other crudes.  3, record 28, English, - light%20Arabian%20crude

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The price of Saudi Arabian light crude oil was previously fixed at $12. 70 per barrel(34 degrees A. P. I. with 1. 7 per cent sulphur) and this was used as the reference world oil price in calculating the substitution value of Canadian natural gas exports.  2, record 28, English, - light%20Arabian%20crude

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mélange de pétroles d'Arabie Saoudite dont le prix sert de référence sur le marché mondial.  4, record 28, French, - brut%20l%C3%A9ger%20d%27Arabie

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les Arabian Light sont des pétroles bruts légers provenant de la péninsule arabique [...]  3, record 28, French, - brut%20l%C3%A9ger%20d%27Arabie

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The price paid at the wellhead for gas or oil produced.  2, record 29, English, - wellhead%20price

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Special price for oil discovered after 1973. The wellhead price of oil discovered in the period after 1973 and qualifying for provincial royalties at "new oil" rates, but not in receipt of the New Oil Reference Price, will rise on July 1, l982 to 75 per cent of the current world price.  3, record 29, English, - wellhead%20price

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Wellhead price of oil.  4, record 29, English, - wellhead%20price

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le prix à la tête du puits du pétrole découvert après 1973 et donnant droit au taux de redevance provinciale du «nouveau pétrole», mais non au Prix de référence du nouveau pétrole, passera le 1er juillet 1982 à 75 % du prix mondial actuel.  1, record 29, French, - prix%20%C3%A0%20la%20t%C3%AAte%20du%20puits

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While Canada and the international community have benefitted enormously from the World Trade Organization(WTO),... price of membership involves a balance of rights and obligations, and can limit the use of traditional government levers such as tariffs or preferential programs in various sectors.  1, record 30, English, - preferential%20program

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] Si l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) a procuré d'énormes avantages au Canada et à la communauté internationale, l'adhésion à une telle entité exige de mettre en balance droits et obligations et elle peut limiter le recours à des leviers gouvernementaux traditionnels comme les tarifs ou des programmes d'accès préférentiel dans différents secteurs.  1, record 30, French, - programme%20d%27acc%C3%A8s%20pr%C3%A9f%C3%A9rentiel

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The provision in the [World] Bank's Articles of Agreement requiring members to maintain the value of that portion of their paid-in capital that is subscribed in their own currency in teams of the subscription price(i. e. 100, 000 gold dollars).  1, record 31, English, - maintenance%20of%20value

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The daily practice by five participating London bullion houses of fixing the free-market gold price by matching the bid and offer prices.  3, record 32, English, - fixing

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The London Gold Market... remains the world's most watched market on the basis of two daily fixings... At these fixings, the five members meet to match the buy and sell orders of their customers and thus establish a single quoted gold price, which is then flashed around the world.  4, record 32, English, - fixing

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cotation de base de la barre d'or sur le marché. Depuis que la barre d'or est cotée à Paris, l'expression anglaise fixing, qui s'applique à la cotation de la barre sur le marché de Londres, tend à se répandre pour cette même cotation à Paris.  3, record 32, French, - fixing

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During the 1980s and 1990s a pivotal change has taken place in the world economy : a comprehensive supply-side revolution has affected a major liberalization of the world economy to the extent that even though a large number of markets or segments of the economy remain hampered by rigidities, price increases in those sectors are not allowed to spread and turn into a systemic inflation. Instead, they are absorbed into more efficient market segments.  1, record 33, English, - systemic%20inflation

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Durant les années quatre-vingt et quatre-vingt-dix, un changement essentiel s'est produit au sein de l'économie mondiale : un bouleversement considérable des conditions de l'offre a entraîné une vaste libéralisation de l'économie mondiale de sorte que même si des rigidités subsistent sur un grand nombre de marchés ou dans de nombreux compartiments de l'économie, les hausses de prix qui apparaissent dans ces secteurs ne peuvent s'étendre et se transformer en inflation systémique. En fait, elles sont absorbées par des compartiments de marché plus efficaces.  1, record 33, French, - inflation%20syst%C3%A9mique

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Systémique : Qui se rapporte ou affecte un système dans son ensemble.  2, record 33, French, - inflation%20syst%C3%A9mique

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During the 1980s and 1990s a pivotal change has taken place in the world economy : a comprehensive supply-side revolution has affected a major liberalization of the world economy to the extend that even though a large number of markets or segments of the economy remain hampered by rigidities, price increases in those sectors are not allowed to spread and turn into a systemic inflation. Instead, they are absorbed into more efficient market segments.  1, record 34, English, - segment%20of%20the%20economy

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Durant les années quatre-vingt et quatre-vingt-dix, un changement essentiel s'est produit au sein de l'économie mondiale : un bouleversement considérable des conditions de l'offre a entraîné une vaste libéralisation de l'économie mondiale de sorte que même si des rigidités subsistent sur un grand nombre de marchés ou dans de nombreux compartiments de l'économie, les hausses de prix qui apparaissent dans ces secteurs ne peuvent s'étendre et se transformer en inflation systémique. En fait, elles sont absorbées par des compartiments de marché plus efficaces.  1, record 34, French, - compartiment%20de%20l%27%C3%A9conomie

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Systémique : Qui se rapporte ou affecte un système dans son ensemble.  2, record 34, French, - compartiment%20de%20l%27%C3%A9conomie

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The main factor which distinguishes our high case from the low is that world economic growth is higher in the high case, causing higher demand for oil and a higher oil price path.  1, record 35, English, - oil%20price%20path

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Device that relays the stock symbol and the latest price and volume on securities as they are traded to investors around the world.  2, record 36, English, - ticker%20tape

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To illustrate, an unusually uncertain world political situation, including events in Iran and Afghanistan, coupled with high inflation and lack of confidence in the U. S. economy and its dollar, contributed to greatly increased demand for gold which boosted its price to a record high in early 1980.  1, record 37, English, - demand%20for%20gold

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A titre d'exemple, au début de 1980, la situation politique particulièrement incertaine dans le monde, y compris les événements en Iran et en Afghanistan, jointe à une forte inflation et à un manque de confiance envers l'économie des États-Unis et le dollar américain, ont contribué à susciter une forte hausse de la demande d'or, qui en a fait grimper le prix à des sommets jamais atteints auparavant.  1, record 37, French, - demande%20d%27or

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The major mechanism by which rents on crude oil that are not collected by the producing provinces are redistributed is through the policy of pricing domestically produced oil below the world price.  1, record 38, English, - crude%20oil%20rent

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since 1973, petroleum policy in Canada, in response to the world oil price shocks, has gone through a period of intense change, reflecting the extraordinary events of the decade.  1, record 39, English, - petroleum%20policy

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the context of present world prices of crude oil and probable price increases in the near future, the overall economics of heavy-oil recovery and upgrading appear favourable.  1, record 40, English, - heavy%2Doil%20upgrading

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... heavy oil may be upgraded by one of two basic approaches: Coking ... and Hydrocracking ...  1, record 40, English, - heavy%2Doil%20upgrading

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 OBS

... upgrading plants that will convert the heavy oil into a "synthetic crude" acceptable to existing refineries.  1, record 40, English, - heavy%2Doil%20upgrading

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of a lower world crude oil price, the Government of Canada reduced the gas export border price to $US 4. 10 per gigajoule on April 11, 1983.  1, record 41, English, - gas%20export%20border%20price

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of a lower world crude oil price, the Government of Canada reduced the gas export border price to $US 4. 10 per gigajoule on April 11, 1983.  1, record 42, English, - world%20crude%20oil%20price

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trade with these countries operates under different conditions than that with other parts of the world, due to the nature of the state-trading system. Although the situation varies significantly from country to country, market access is considered to be generally more difficult and more complex than in western markets.... The rules of the international trading system apply only imperfectly to these countries; for instance, the price formation mechanisms in state-trading countries make price calculations difficult for customs valuation and anti-dumping purposes.... Because of the overriding role played by governments in these countries in trade, it has proved useful to establish a dialogue at governmental level with these countries.  2, record 43, English, - state%2Dtrading%20countries

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pays dans lesquels le commerce extérieur relève d'une gestion gouvernementale et non de l'initiative privée.  2, record 43, French, - pays%20%C3%A0%20commerce%20d%27%C3%89tat

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les échanges commerciaux avec ces pays se font des des conditions différentes de ce qui est le cas pour les autres parties du monde à cause de la nature même du système de commerce d'État. Même si la situation varie notablement d'un pays à l'autre, l'accès au marché est considéré comme étant en général plus difficile et plus complexe que ce n'est le cas pour les marchés occidentaux [...] Les règles du système d'échanges internationaux ne s'appliquent qu'imparfaitement à ces pays; par exemple, les mécanismes de détermination des prix dans les pays à commerce d'État font qu'il est difficile de les calculer à des fins d'évaluation en douane et de protection contre le dumping. [...] Étant donné la prééminence du rôle joué par les gouvernements de ces pays en matière de commerce extérieur, il s'est avéré utile d'établir un dialogue gouvernemental avec ces pays.  3, record 43, French, - pays%20%C3%A0%20commerce%20d%27%C3%89tat

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The rise in money NNP since the Depression and World War II exaggerates the rise in real NNP : because the price index has generally been rising since then, we must use it to deflate the money NNP in order to arrive at the real NNP trends.  1, record 44, English, - real%20NNP

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The point at which the individual is indifferent between a return that is certain and a return which has risk associated with it.  2, record 45, English, - certainty%20equivalent

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The sum of probabilities times expected values each weighed by its price or utility is the certainty equivalent. The present certainty equivalent value is the analogue under uncertainty of the present value in a world of perfect certainty-it is what planners ought to maximize.  3, record 45, English, - certainty%20equivalent

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsque l'équivalent certain d'une loterie est supérieur à son espérance de gain on parle de préférence pour le risque, et de neutralité s'il lui est égal.  2, record 45, French, - %C3%A9quivalent%20certain

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish