TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A unit of measure of an angle equivalent to 1/6400 of a circle.  7, record 1, English, - milliradian

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The "mil" used by the US military and NATO forces is slightly different than the true value of a milliradian, which is equal to 1/6283 of a circle. During World War I, the US adopted what is now the "NATO mil" to replace degrees and minutes for use in artillery sights. They opted to round mils to 6, 400 per circle for simplicity at the time. Today, the mil is commonly used to measure adjustment of sights and scopes of firearms.  8, record 1, English, - milliradian

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

angular mil; mil; NATO mil: abbreviations not to be confused with the International System of Units (SI) term "milliradian" (abbreviation "mrad"), which is equal to 1/6283 of a circle.  9, record 1, English, - milliradian

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

mil: designation officially approved by the Small Arms Terminology Working Group.  9, record 1, English, - milliradian

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unité de mesure d'angle équivalant à 1/6400 de cercle.  9, record 1, French, - milli%C3%A8me

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le millième angulaire est une unité de mesure d'angle utilisée dans le domaine militaire, surtout pour les instruments d'orientation et de pointage : fusil à précision, réticules de télescope [...]  4, record 1, French, - milli%C3%A8me

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

millième : désignation à ne pas confondre avec le «millième vrai» du Système international d'unités (SI), abrégé «milli», qui correspond à 1/6283 d'un cercle.  8, record 1, French, - milli%C3%A8me

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

millième : désignation uniformisée par le Groupe de travail de terminologie des armes légères.  8, record 1, French, - milli%C3%A8me

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A World War I monument located near the village of Courcelette, France, commemorating the Canadian Corps’ distinguished participation in the Battle of the Somme between September 3 and November 18, 1916.  2, record 2, English, - Courcelette%20Canadian%20Memorial

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Monument de la Première Guerre mondiale situé près du village de Courcelette, en France, qui rend hommage à la participation glorieuse du Corps canadien à la bataille de la Somme entre le 3 septembre et le 18 novembre 1916.  2, record 2, French, - M%C3%A9morial%20canadien%20%C3%A0%20Courcelette

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A World War I monument near Bourlon, France, commemorating the Canadian Corps’ capture of Bourlon Wood and crossing of the Canal du Nord on September 27, 1918.  2, record 3, English, - Bourlon%20Wood%20Canadian%20Memorial

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Monument de la Première Guerre mondiale situé près de Bourlon, en France, qui commémore la prise du bois de Bourlon par le Corps canadien et le franchissement du canal du Nord le 27 septembre 1918.  2, record 3, French, - M%C3%A9morial%20canadien%20%C3%A0%20Bois%20de%20Bourlon

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a person who is in receipt of a pension(a) by reason of his service in World War I, or(b) by reason of his service only in World War II, and who at the commencement of such service was domiciled in Canada or Newfoundland, who has from causes attributable to such service lost capacity for physical exertion to an extent that makes him unfit to pursue efficiently the vocation that he was pursuing before the war, and who has not been successfully re-established in some other vocation.  1, record 4, English, - person%20in%20receipt%20of%20a%20pension%20by%20reason%20of%20war%20service

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although synonyms are used, only "person in receipt of a pension by reason of war service" is sanctioned by law.  3, record 4, English, - person%20in%20receipt%20of%20a%20pension%20by%20reason%20of%20war%20service

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Personne qui reçoit une pension [...] à cause de son service pendant la [...] guerre [...], qui, pour des causes attribuables audit service, a perdu la capacité de fournir un effort physique au point d'être inapte à exercer avec efficacité l'occupation qu'elle exerçait avant la guerre et qui n'a pas été intégrée avec succès dans une autre occupation.  2, record 4, French, - b%C3%A9n%C3%A9ficiaire%20de%20pension%20%C3%A0%20cause%20du%20service%20militaire

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By World War I, the electric trolleys had transformed the tracked city into a full-fledged metropolis whose streetcar suburbs, in the larger cases, spread out more than 20 miles from the metropolitan center. It was at this point in time that intrametropolitan transportation achieved its greatest level of efficiency—that the bustling industrial city really "worked. "  3, record 5, English, - intrametropolitan%20transportation

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intrametropolitan: Situated within the metropolitan boundary.  4, record 5, English, - intrametropolitan%20transportation

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intra-muros : À l'intérieur des murs, de l'enceinte d'une ville.  3, record 5, French, - transport%20intra%2Dmuros

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Treaty of Lausanne,(1923), final treaty concluding World War I. It was signed by representatives of Turkey(successor to the Ottoman Empire) on one side and by Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Greece, Romania, and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes(Yugoslavia) on the other. The treaty was signed at Lausanne, Switzerland, on July 24, 1923, after a seven-month conference.  3, record 6, English, - Treaty%20of%20Peace

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le traité de Lausanne de 1923 est un traité de paix signé le 24 juillet 1923 au Palais de Rumine à Lausanne (Suisse). Il remplace le traité de Sèvres signé le 10 août 1920 à Sèvres, qui mettait fin à la Grande Guerre en ce qui concerne l'Empire ottoman. Le traité de Lausanne est le dernier traité résultant de la Première Guerre mondiale. Il précise les frontières de la Turquie issue de l'Empire ottoman et rend obligatoires des transferts de populations déjà commencés avec les génocides arménien et grec pontique, visant à rendre irréversible ce qui fut appelé «nettoyage ethnique» par l'historiographie grecque et «stabilisation de l'homogénéité ethno-religieuse» par l'historiographie turque.  3, record 6, French, - Trait%C3%A9%20de%20Paix

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

combat body armour; CBA: designations standardized by NATO.  3, record 7, English, - combat%20body%20armour

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the British armed forces[, ] body armour has gone through a similar evolution. Steel helmets, which had been standard-issue since World War I, were replaced in the 1980s by the first of a series of helmets fabricated of nylon. In the late 1980s a lightweight combat body armour(CBA) was introduced, consisting of a vest with soft ballistic filler capable of protecting against fragments and 9-mm pistol rounds.  4, record 7, English, - combat%20body%20armour

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gilet pare-balles de combat; CBA : désignations normalisées par l'OTAN.  3, record 7, French, - gilet%20pare%2Dballes%20de%20combat

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The "stick grenade" first appeared in the midst of World War I; it was introduced in 1915 … Aside from its unique and unusual appearance, [it] used a friction igniter system...  2, record 8, English, - stick%20grenade

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le terme de grenade à manche caractérise les divers modèles fabriqués de 1915 à 1945. [La grenade] est constituée d'un manche en bois creux, au bout duquel est fixé une charge explosive. Le mécanisme déclencheur est actionné par une cordelette située dans le manche.  2, record 8, French, - grenade%20%C3%A0%20manche

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The pilot is wearing one style of dress worn in the air in combat over France in World War I.... His flying boots are dark brown.  4, record 9, English, - flying%20boot

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

flying boot; aviator boot; flight boot: designations usually used in the plural.  5, record 9, English, - flying%20boot

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

botte d'aviateur; botte de vol : désignations habituellement utilisées au pluriel.  3, record 9, French, - botte%20d%27aviateur

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During [World War I], the National War Garden Commission promoted home gardening and food preservation. They inspired students—calling them "soldiers of the soil"—to help plant "liberty gardens. "When it started to look like the [United States] and its allies would win the war, the name of the gardens was changed to "victory gardens. "  3, record 10, English, - victory%20garden

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Potager familial encouragé par l'administration américaine durant la Première et Seconde Guerre mondiale pour faire face à la pénurie alimentaire.  4, record 10, French, - jardin%20de%20la%20victoire

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Selon le ministère américain de l'Agriculture, plus de 20 millions de jardins de la victoire ont été cultivés durant la Seconde Guerre aux États-Unis.  5, record 10, French, - jardin%20de%20la%20victoire

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One significant change in Cariboo ranching at the end of World War I was the establishment of soldier settlements. Thousands of soldiers returned to British Columbia looking for work and a livelihood.  1, record 11, English, - soldier%20settlement

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un changement important dans l'élevage dans le Cariboo survenu à la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale a été l'établissement de soldats. Des milliers de soldats sont revenus en Colombie-Britannique à la recherche d'un emploi et d'un gagne-pain.  1, record 11, French, - %C3%A9tablissement%20de%20soldats

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Battle of Hill 70 was a battle of World War I between the Canadian Corps and five divisions of the German 6th Army. The battle took place along the Western Front on the outskirts of Lens in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France between 15 and 25 August 1917.  2, record 12, English, - Battle%20of%20Hill%2070

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The expression "Hill 70" refers to the elevation number and is sometimes used to designate the battle.  3, record 12, English, - Battle%20of%20Hill%2070

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La bataille de la cote 70 est une bataille de la Première Guerre mondiale entre le Corps canadien et les cinq divisions de la 6^e armée allemande. La bataille s'est déroulée le long du front ouest à proximité de la ville de Lens dans le Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie en France, du 15 au 25 août 1917.  2, record 12, French, - bataille%20de%20la%20cote%2070

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

L'expression «cote 70» indique l'altitude du lieu et est utilisée, parfois, pour désigner le nom de la bataille.  2, record 12, French, - bataille%20de%20la%20cote%2070

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 3 OBS

[En français,] on met la majuscule au mot [bataille] uniquement lorsqu’il entre dans le nom d’un conflit mondial, et que la date n’est pas indiquée [...] Dans les autres cas, on l’écrit avec une minuscule.  3, record 12, French, - bataille%20de%20la%20cote%2070

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the movement of screenings from Western Canada to Eastern Canada brought with it the problem of dissemination of weed seeds. The relative scarcity of animal feeds during and following World War I encouraged the adulteration and misrepresentation of feeds. This period also saw an acceleration in the number and variety of feeds being sold.  1, record 13, English, - adulteration%20of%20feeds

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] Ainsi, le transport des criblures de l'Ouest canadien vers l'Est amena le problème de la propagation des semences de mauvaises herbes. La rareté relative des aliments pour le bétail au cours de la Première Guerre et les années suivantes favorisa l'altération des aliments. On assista aussi pendant cette période à une augmentation du nombre et des variétés d'aliments pour le bétail.  1, record 13, French, - alt%C3%A9ration%20des%20aliments

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Adición deliberada e intencional de sustancias extrañas y de inferior calidad a un ingrediente puro, [por ejemplo], agregar agua para aumentar el peso del alimento, agregar elementos de costo muy inferior como son la cascarilla de arroz, el carbonato de calcio, la tierra, la harina de plumas [...]  1, record 13, Spanish, - adulteraci%C3%B3n%20de%20alimentos

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is the world’s largest humanitarian organization, providing assistance without discrimination as to nationality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions.  1, record 14, English, - International%20Federation%20of%20Red%20Cross%20and%20Red%20Crescent%20Societies

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies(IFRC) was founded in 1919 in Paris in the aftermath of World War I.... An international medical conference... resulted in the birth of the League of Red Cross Societies, which was renamed in October 1983 to the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and then in November 1991 to become the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.  1, record 14, English, - International%20Federation%20of%20Red%20Cross%20and%20Red%20Crescent%20Societies

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Fédération internationale des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge est la plus grande organisation humanitaire au monde; elle dispense son aide sans distinction de nationalité, de race, de religion, de classe ou d'opinions politiques.  1, record 14, French, - F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration%20internationale%20des%20Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s%20de%20la%20Croix%2DRouge%20et%20du%20Croissant%2DRouge

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La Fédération internationale a été fondée en 1919 à Paris, au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale. [...] Une conférence médicale internationale [...] déboucha sur la naissance de la Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge, rebaptisée en octobre 1983 Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge, puis, en novembre 1991, Fédération internationale des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge.  1, record 14, French, - F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration%20internationale%20des%20Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s%20de%20la%20Croix%2DRouge%20et%20du%20Croissant%2DRouge

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Federación Internacional de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja y de la Media Luna Roja es la mayor organización humanitaria del mundo y presta asistencia sin discriminación por razón de nacionalidad, raza, creencias religiosas, clase social u opinión política.  1, record 14, Spanish, - Federaci%C3%B3n%20Internacional%20de%20Sociedades%20de%20la%20Cruz%20Roja%20y%20de%20la%20Media%20Luna%20Roja

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La Federación Internacional fue fundada en 1919 en París tras la 1a Guerra Mundial. [...] De una conferencia médica internacional [...] nació la Liga de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja, rebautizada en octubre de 1983 como Liga de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja y de la Media Luna Roja y convertida en noviembre de 1991 en la Federación Internacional de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja y de la Media Luna Roja.  1, record 14, Spanish, - Federaci%C3%B3n%20Internacional%20de%20Sociedades%20de%20la%20Cruz%20Roja%20y%20de%20la%20Media%20Luna%20Roja

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

B.E.T. method: Gaseous absorption analysis method. Acronym of "S. Brunauer, P. Emmett, E. Teller." Widely used for surface area determinations by computing the monolayer area.  2, record 15, English, - Brunauer%26ndash%3BEmmett%26ndash%3BTeller%20method

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The BET method is widely used in surface science for the calculation of surface areas of solids by physical adsorption of gas molecules.  3, record 15, English, - Brunauer%26ndash%3BEmmett%26ndash%3BTeller%20method

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Surface Area Measurement. For nanopowder, the B.E.T. method is commonly used to determine the specific surface area. The drop in nitrogen pressure in a closed container due to adsorption of the nitrogen molecules to the surface of the material inserted in the container is measured. (The shape of the nanopowder particles is assumed to be spherical.)  4, record 15, English, - Brunauer%26ndash%3BEmmett%26ndash%3BTeller%20method

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 4 OBS

... There, he [Paul Emmett] sought out a better understanding of the mechanisms by which ammonia could be taken out of the air and turned into a fertilizer for plants. Emmett knew that the Germans had developed just such a mechanism during World War I, but scientists did not entirely understand how and why the process worked. The result of this investigation was the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) Method, which remains the second-most cited scientific paper on the process and a technique still in use worldwide. The BET Method provides scientists with the ability to measure a variety of properties of gas molecules on a solid surface : the surface area, the composition of the surface, and the amount of catalyst that is both on the surface and in the interior of the solid. Dr. Emmett's work on the BET Method earned him a Nobel Prize nomination.  1, record 15, English, - Brunauer%26ndash%3BEmmett%26ndash%3BTeller%20method

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La théorie Brunauer, Emmett et Teller (BET) est une théorie physique. La méthode BET permet d’expliquer l’adsorption physique des molécules de gaz sur une surface solide et permet la mesure de la surface spécifique.  3, record 15, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20Brunauer%2DEmmett%2DTeller

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

méthode B.E.T.; méthode BET : termes uniformisés par CN-AIR CANADA. (CN : Canadien National.)  2, record 15, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20Brunauer%2DEmmett%2DTeller

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A public person who advocates or fervently supports military solutions to political problems and who has personally declined to take advantage of a significant opportunity to serve in uniform during wartime.  2, record 16, English, - chicken%20hawk

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... it looks like the "chicken-hawks" are at it again. These people who were too chicken to go to war (or even serve in the military) become middle-aged hawks looking for an opportunity to send others to kill and be killed.  1, record 16, English, - chicken%20hawk

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In England during World War I, as thousands were dying pointlessly in the trenches, pretty girls went around handing white feathers--a symbol of cowardice--to men who weren’t in uniform. The one group currently being handed white feathers who may deserve them are the so-called "war wimps" or "chicken hawks"--prominent Americans helping to spread war fever today who avoided service during Vietnam.  1, record 16, English, - chicken%20hawk

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The general trump-it-all insult that the antiwar crowd aims at the pro-war crowd these days is a neat little portmanteau term that manages to impute, at once, cowardice, ignorance, selfishness, bloodlust (as long as the blood spills from others’ veins) and hypocrisy: "chicken hawk.  3, record 16, English, - chicken%20hawk

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Gin Drinkers Line or Gin Drinker's Line was a British military defensive line against the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong during the Battle of Hong Kong in December 1941, part of the Pacific War. The concept came from France's Maginot Line, built after World War I. The British believed the line could protect the colony from Japanese invasion for at least six months...  1, record 17, English, - Gin%20Drinkers%20Line

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A toxic, colorless liquid with a boiling point of 127-128 ° C; soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene; used in organic synthesis, and as a military poison gas during World War I. Also known as diphosgene.  2, record 18, English, - trichloromethyl%20chloroformate

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: CLCOOCCL₃ or CL-CO-OCCL₃  3, record 18, English, - trichloromethyl%20chloroformate

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit agressif [...] utilisé comme gaz de combat.  2, record 18, French, - chloroformiate%20de%20trichlorom%C3%A9thyle

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : CLCOOCCL₃ ou CL-CO-OCCL₃  3, record 18, French, - chloroformiate%20de%20trichlorom%C3%A9thyle

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There were several serious outbreaks of influenza in the 20th century. The most famous(and the most lethal) was the Spanish Flu pandemic(type A influenza, H1N1 strain), which lasted from 1918 to 1919 and is believed to have killed more people in total than World War I.  2, record 19, English, - H1N1%20strain

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

strain : a group of organisms of the same species, having distinctive characteristics but not usually considered a separate breed or variety.  3, record 19, English, - H1N1%20strain

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Different circulating influenza A viruses are identified by referring to two signature proteins on their surfaces. One is hemagglutinin (HA), which has at least 15 known variants, or subtypes. Another is neurominidase (NA), which has nine subtypes. Exposure to these proteins produces distinctive antibodies in a host, thus the 1918 strain was the first to be named, "H1N1", based on antibodies found in the bloodstream of pandemic survivors.  4, record 19, English, - H1N1%20strain

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les différents virus de la grippe de type A sont identifiés par deux protéines spécifiques présentes à leur surface. L'une d'elles est l'hémagglutinine, HA, dont au moins 15 variants, ou sous-types sont connus, de H1 à H15. L'autre est la neuraminidase, NA, qui comprend neuf sous-types, de N1 à N9. Exposé à ces protéines, le système immunitaire des personnes infectées produit des anticorps spécifiques : la souche de 1918, par exemple, a été nommée H1N1.  2, record 19, French, - souche%20H1N1

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La] denominada "gripe española" y producida por la cepa H1N1, fue la más importante por su tasa de mortalidad. Solo en los Estados Unidos murieron más de 500.000 personas y se estiman más de 50 millones en el resto del mundo. La cepa H1N1 fue reintroducida en 1977 y aún está en circulación.  2, record 19, Spanish, - cepa%20H1N1

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

En el pasado, se han producido pandemias mundiales en 1918 ("influenza española", causada por la cepa (H1N1), 1957 ("influenza asiática", causada por la cepa H2N2) y 1968 ("influenza de Hong Kong", causada por la cepa H3N2).  3, record 19, Spanish, - cepa%20H1N1

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Wide-flange beams and columns were developed soon after World War I in Luxembourg. These have wider and thicker flanges than normal sections and the flanges are of uniform thickness, making the connections, splices, fixings, and joints much simpler and cleaner. In the U. S., which pioneered their use on a large scale, these larger and heavier sections were rolled with varying widths of flange for the same depth of beams, simplifying the range of connection details needed in complex structures.  2, record 20, English, - wide%2Dflanged%20steel%20column

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

aile de poutre : renforcement d'équerre aux deux extrémités de l'âme de la poutre.  2, record 20, French, - poutre%20d%27acier%20%C3%A0%20ailes%20larges

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Équivalent proposé par Louis Wauters, section Plans et devis.  1, record 20, French, - poutre%20d%27acier%20%C3%A0%20ailes%20larges

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At present there is no formally recognized diplomatic language. Today most countries demand that diplomatic negotiations be conducted in their own language as well as in that of the other party.  1, record 21, English, - diplomatic%20language

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Until the eighteenth century Latin was the language of diplomacy... by the middle of the eighteenth century until World War I the lingua franca, of diplomacy was French.  1, record 21, English, - diplomatic%20language

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Langue commune (autrefois le latin, puis le français) que des États s'accordent à adopter pour des raisons d'ordre pratique et en considération des qualités de clarté qu'elle présente, pour leurs communications diplomatiques, la rédaction des traités, surtout des traités multilatéraux, la procédure devant les tribunaux internationaux, les délibérations des organes internationaux, en raison des inconvénients que présenterait l'emploi par chacun de sa langue nationale.  1, record 21, French, - langue%20diplomatique

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El francés, durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, fue, además, la lengua diplomática, el idioma de relación entre los sectores cultos de las diversas sociedades.  1, record 21, Spanish, - lengua%20diplom%C3%A1tica

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... no deduction shall be made from the degree of actual disability of a member of the forces who has rendered service in a theatre of actual war, service in the Korean War or special duty service on account of a disability or disabling condition that existed in the member before the member's period of service in World War I or World War II, service in the Korean War or special duty service...  1, record 22, English, - disabling%20condition

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] l'invalidité ou l'affection entraînant incapacité dont était atteint le membre des forces qui a accompli du service sur un théâtre réel de guerre, du service pendant la guerre de Corée ou du service spécial, et qui est antérieure au service accompli pendant la Première ou la Seconde Guerre mondiale, au service accompli pendant la guerre de Corée ou au service spécial n'autorise aucune déduction sur le degré d'invalidité véritable, [...]  1, record 22, French, - affection%20entra%C3%AEnant%20incapacit%C3%A9

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The first device used to locate submarines is called Asdic(named after the Ati-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee) and was invented during World War I by British, American, and French Scientists.... There is also a considerable amount of confusion about the origins of the term "ASDIC". To quote Willem Hackmann from Seek and Strike, "The Oxford University Press was prompted on 11 December 1939 to ask the Admiralty about its etymology after Churchill used the term in the House of Commons. After a certain amount of inter-departmental discussion, they were told that the word was the acronym of Allied Submarine Detection Investigation Committee. This body was formed during the war of 1914-1918, and organized much research and experimentation for the detection of submarines, however, no committee bearing this name has been found in the Admiralty archives. "  1, record 23, English, - Anti%2DSubmarine%20Detection%20Investigation%20Committee

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'acronyme ASDIC est souvent associé au nom anglais de la Commission commune franco-britannique de lutte anti-sous-marine (Anti-Submarine Detection and Investigation Committee), créée pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. Fait intéressant, au moins un historien spécialisé dans la lutte anti-sous-marine doute que cette commission ait réellement existé.  2, record 23, French, - Commission%20commune%20franco%2Dbritannique%20de%20lutte%20anti%2Dsous%2Dmarine

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The War Veterans Allowance(WVA) is a transfer payment program, which has been in effect since September 1, 1930. The program is a form of non-taxable financial assistance available to Canadian Veterans of World War I(WWI), World War II(WWII) and the Korean War. It also acts as a "window of access" to other programs(e. g., Veterans Independence Program, Assistance Fund) for recipients and "near-recipients"(individuals who would qualify, except they receive income through other income support programs). The purpose of WVA is to ensure that, in recognition of wartime service, eligible persons are provided with regular monthly income in order to meet their basic needs, and maintain dignity.  1, record 24, English, - War%20Veterans%20Allowance%20Program

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Programme des allocations aux anciens combattants (AAC) est un programme de paiement de transfert en vigueur depuis le 1er septembre 1930. Il s'agit d'une forme d'aide financière non imposable offerte aux anciens combattants canadiens de la Première Guerre mondiale, de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et de la guerre de Corée. Le Programme sert également de porte d'entrée vers d'autres programmes (p. ex. Programme pour l'autonomie des anciens combattants, Fonds de secours) pour les bénéficiaires et les quasi-bénéficiaires (personnes qui seraient autrement admissibles si elles ne recevaient pas un soutien du revenu d'autres programmes). Le Programme des allocations aux anciens combattants constitue une forme de reconnaissance aux personnes admissibles ayant servi en temps de guerre, pour s'assurer qu'elles reçoivent un revenu mensuel régulier leur permettant de satisfaire leurs besoins fondamentaux et de conserver leur dignité.  1, record 24, French, - Programme%20des%20allocations%20aux%20anciens%20combattants

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that officially ended World War I. It was signed on June 28, 1919, exactly 5 years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, one of the events that triggered the start of the war. Although the armistice signed on November 11, 1918 put an end to the actual fighting, it took six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude a peace treaty. Of the many provisions in the treaty, one of the most important and controversial provisions required Germany and its allies to accept full responsibility for causing the war and, under the terms of articles 231-248, disarm, make substantial territorial concessions and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers.  1, record 25, English, - Treaty%20of%20Versailles

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Traité de Versailles de 1919 est le traité de paix entre l'Allemagne et les Alliés de la Première Guerre mondiale. Élaboré au cours de la conférence de Paris, le traité fut signé le 28 juin 1919 à 11h et 11 min, dans la galerie des Glaces du château de Versailles et promulgué le 10 janvier 1920. Il annonce la création d'une Société des Nations et détermine les sanctions prises à l'encontre de l'Allemagne. Celle-ci, qui n'était pas représentée au cours de la conférence, se vit privée de ses colonies et d'une partie de ses droits militaires, amputée de certains territoires et astreinte à de lourdes réparations économiques.  2, record 25, French, - Trait%C3%A9%20de%20Versailles

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El Tratado de Versalles es un tratado de paz firmado el 28 de junio de 1919 entre los Países Aliados y Alemania en el Salón de los Espejos del Palacio de Versalles, que puso fin oficialmente a la Primera Guerra Mundial (llamada entonces La Gran Guerra). Entró en vigor el 10 de enero de 1920.  1, record 25, Spanish, - Tratado%20de%20Versalles

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A 20th century capital ship combining high speed, adequate protection, and a main armament comprising large guns of uniform calibre.  2, record 26, English, - dreadnought

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The dreadnought was the predominant type of battleship of the 20th century. Modelled after the revolutionary HMS Dreadnought of 1906, dreadnoughts were distinguished from previous battleships, known as pre-dreadnoughts, by an "all-big-gun" armament.  3, record 26, English, - dreadnought

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "dreadnought" gradually dropped from use after World War I, as the pre-dreadnoughts and the first generations of dreadnoughts were scrapped. However, all battleships built since then shared the characteristics of the dreadnought.  3, record 26, English, - dreadnought

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Type de cuirassé développé au début du 20ième siècle  2, record 26, French, - dreadnought

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since World War I the tank's protection has become immeasurably stronger, while antitank weaponry has also developed substantial penetrating and destructive power.  1, record 27, English, - antitank%20weaponry

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An upright piece of furniture consisting of a number of shallow trays which can be pulled out like drawers and where coins, tokens, or medals are stored. The trays are lined with felt and may or may not have been slotted to hold the coins. Until about the time of World War I, the wooden cabinet was the traditional method of storing coins.  2, record 28, English, - coin%20cabinet

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Meuble ou petite armoire à tiroirs plats divisés en compartiments où l'on range les pièces de monnaie, jetons ou médailles que l'on collectionne; un type de porte-pièces. Il peut s'agir également de plateaux séparés à empiler ou de plateaux que l'on dépose dans un coffret.  2, record 28, French, - m%C3%A9daillier

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The first world championship in our sport was organized in 1987 in France, and eight national shooting federations founded the "Union Internationale des Federations et Associations Nationales de Tir" on 7th July 1907 in Zurich, Switzerland... The French title of the "International Union of National Federations and Associations of Shooting" started to use the initials, UIT. This union was dissolved in 1915 during World War I but was reorganized in 1921 under the new name of "Union Internationale de Tir", also using the initials, UIT. After World War II had started, the activities of the Union were again suspended and then reorganized in 1947 under the new name, "International Shooting Union", using the title in the English language which from then on was decided to be the official working language of the organization. The initials of the International Shooting Union would have been ISU, but our organization had to continue using the letters of its French title, UIT, in order not to confuse it with the initials used in the international sport world by the International Skating Union... The change of the title "Union" to International Shooting Sport Federation(ISSF) in order to conform to almost all the other sporting organisations was officially approved at the General Assembly in Barcelona, Spain on 15th July 1998.  2, record 29, English, - International%20Shooting%20Sport%20Federation

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En 1907, l'Union Internationale de Tir est créée à Zurich. Le Français Daniel MERILLON, Président de l'Union des Sociétés de Tir est nommé Président de l'U.I.T. L'U.I.T. a pour but de créer un lien de confraternité entre les grandes fédérations de tir de toutes les nations du Monde, d'organiser les compétitions internationales et de développer la pratique du tir. [...] Depuis février 1994 la F.F. Tir, seule Fédération Française de Tir reconnue par l'I.S.S.F (Fédération Internationale de Tir Sportif, et U.I.T), a la charge de toutes les disciplines olympiques (y compris celles du Ball Trap devenues Plateau).  1, record 29, French, - F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration%20Internationale%20de%20Tir%20Sportif

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Australia and New Zealand commemorate the ANZAC Day public holiday on April 25 every year to honour the bravery and sacrifice of the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps(ANZAC), and of all those who served their country. ANZAC Day is also a public holiday in Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa and Tonga. The ANZAC tradition began in World War I with a landing on 25 April, 1915 near Gallipoli on the Turkish Aegean coast. Because of a navigational error, the ANZACs came ashore about a mile north of the intended landing point. Instead of facing the expected beach and gentle slope they found themselves at the bottom of steep cliffs, offering the few Turkish defenders an ideal defensive position. Establishing a foothold, the Anzacs found an advance to be impossible. After eight months of stalemate the Allies withdrew, leaving 10, 000 dead amongst the ANZACs and over 33, 000 British dead.  1, record 30, English, - ANZAC%20Day

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Journée commémorative de l'ANZAC est célébrée le 25 avril de chaque année en Australie, Nouvelle-Zélande, aux Samoa, aux Tonga, aux îles Cook et à Niue. L'ANZAC, acronyme de Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (corps d'armée australien et néo-zélandais), désigne les troupes originaires d'Océanie ayant participé au sein de l'armée australienne et néo-zélandaise à la bataille des Dardanelles et au débarquement de Gallipoli en 1915 durant la Première Guerre mondiale.  1, record 30, French, - Journ%C3%A9e%20comm%C3%A9morative%20de%20l%27ANZAC

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A silver-white alloy composed of 52-80% copper, 10-35% zinc, and 5-35% nickel; sometimes also contains a few percent of lead and tin.  6, record 31, English, - nickel%20silver

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The German silver name was changed to nickel silver around World War I for patriotic reasons.  7, record 31, English, - nickel%20silver

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

argentan: Early name for nickel silver.  8, record 31, English, - nickel%20silver

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 3 OBS

silveroid: 66% copper, 24% zinc, and 10% nickel.  5, record 31, English, - nickel%20silver

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Alliage de cuivre, de zinc et de nickel qui imite l'argent.  6, record 31, French, - argentan

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aleación de la cual existen varias fórmulas, especialmente la que es a base de cobre (60%), cinc (20%) y níquel (20%), de color y aspecto parecido al de la plata.  2, record 31, Spanish, - argent%C3%A1n

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Usado para reemplazar a [la plata] en la fabricación de cubiertos, vajilla y obras de orfebrería.  2, record 31, Spanish, - argent%C3%A1n

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Constructed following World War I as a monument to all the merchant sailors who lost their lives during the conflict, the Clock Tower located in the Old Port was erected in 1922. Officially inaugurated by the Prince of Wales, the Clock Tower has become a part of Montreal' s history. More than just an historic monument, the top floor of the famous Clock Tower also houses a magnificent observatory affording fantastic views of Ile-Sainte-Helen, the Jacques Cartier Bridge and the eastern end of Old Montreal. Rising a total of 192 steps from the tower to the observatory.  1, record 32, English, - Clock%20Tower

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le 31 octobre 1919, son Altesse Royale Edouard, Prince de Galles, inaugure les travaux de construction de la Tour de l'Horloge. La construction de ce monument historique se termine en 1922, à extrémité de la nouvelle jetée Victoria (aujourd'hui quai de l'Horloge). La Tour de l'Horloge est érigée sous l'autorité de la Commission du Havre de Montréal. À l'origine, elle était destinée à servir de façade à des hangars et des convoyeurs à grain jugés peu esthétiques. Cette tour, munie d'un système d'éclairage électrique automatique fort sophistiqué pour l'époque, devait également jouer le rôle de phare. Les navigateurs ont longtemps réglé leurs chronomètres sur ses cadrans, dont la précision était proverbiale.  1, record 32, French, - Tour%20de%20l%27Horloge

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Grosse Île and the Irish Memorial National Historic Site commemorates three significant aspects of our history : first, the importance of immigration to Canada, particularly through Quebec City, from the early 19th century until World War I; Second the tragedies of Irish immigrants, especially due to the 1847 typhus epidemic; and finally Grosse Île's role from 1832 to 1937 as a quarantine station for the Port of Quebec, long the main point of arrival for immigrants coming to Canada.  1, record 33, English, - Grosse%2D%C3%8Ele%20and%20the%20Irish%20Memorial%20National%20Historic%20Site

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'objectif de commémoration du Lieu historique national du Canada de la Grosse-Île-et-le-Mémorial-des-Irlandais comporte trois volets. Tout d'abord, l'importance de l'immigration au Canada, plus particulièrement via la porte d'entrée de Québec, au debut de 19e siècle jusqu'à la Première Guerre mondiale. Ensuite, les événements tragiques vécus par les immigrants irlandais, spécialement lors de l'épidémie de typhus de 1847. Finalement, la commémoration du lieu repose sur le rôle joué par l'île, de 1832 à 1937, à titre de station de quarantaine du port de Québec, longtemps le principal point d'arrivée des immigrants au Canada.  1, record 33, French, - Lieu%20historique%20national%20de%20la%20Grosse%2D%C3%8Ele%2Det%2Dle%2DM%C3%A9morial%2Ddes%2DIrlandais

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The return, voluntary or otherwise, of prisoners of war, refugees, etc. to their home country or country of habitual residence.  2, record 34, English, - repatriation

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The UNHCR [United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees] ... has outlined the proper conditions for an ideal repatriation: fundamental change of circumstances, removal of the causes of refugee movements; voluntary nature of the decision to return, freely expressed wish; tripartite agreements between origin, host, and UNHCR to provide formal guarantees for the safety of returning refugees, and return in dignity under conditions of absolute safety.  3, record 34, English, - repatriation

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Convention III of 1949(Prisoner of War) was agreed upon in Geneva in 1929. It reflected the problems of treatment and repatriation of war prisoners, which came to the fore in World War I.  4, record 34, English, - repatriation

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Retour, volontaire ou non, de prisonniers de guerre, de réfugiés, etc. dans leur pays d'origine ou leur pays de résidence habituelle.  2, record 34, French, - rapatriement

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Regreso a la patria de quien reside en el exterior, por su propia voluntad o por imposición. En conflictos armados internacionales, obligación de las Partes de devolver a su patria a los prisioneros de guerra, garantizando su seguridad e integridad.  2, record 34, Spanish, - repatriaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Mecanismo, movimiento, operación, programa de repatriación espontánea, voluntaria.  3, record 34, Spanish, - repatriaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Derecho a la repatriación.  3, record 34, Spanish, - repatriaci%C3%B3n

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Memorial Cup, originally the OHA Memorial Cup was donated in 1919 by the Ontario Hockey Association(the precursor to the Ontario Hockey League) as a memorial to the Canadian dead of World War I. The Memorial Cup is the championship trophy of the Canadian Hockey League(CHL).  1, record 35, English, - Memorial%20Cup

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La coupe Memorial est remise à la meilleure équipe de hockey junior de la Ligue canadienne de hockey (LCH). Pour déterminer le récipiendaire de la coupe, un tournoi est organisé annuellement en mai. Les champions de la Ligue de hockey junior majeur du Québec (LHJMQ), de l'Ontario Hockey League (OHL) et de la Western Hockey League (WHL) y participent. Depuis 1983, l'équipe qui représente la ville hôte du tournoi participe également au tournoi. La coupe Memorial honore le hockey junior depuis 1919.  1, record 35, French, - coupe%20Memorial

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The description of history with changes in a few key facts or events as the basis for speculation of a different outcome.  4, record 36, English, - counterfactual%20history

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Virtual history, also referred to as counterfactual history, is a form of history which attempts to answer "what if" questions. It seeks to explore history and historical processes from the point of view of extrapolating a position in which certain key historical events did not happen or had an outcome which was different to that which did in fact occur. Most historians regard counterfactual history as sometimes entertaining, but not meeting the standards of mainstream historical research due to its speculative nature.  5, record 36, English, - counterfactual%20history

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Favorite] subjects for counterfactual history conjecture include :... "What if the Confederacy won the Civil War?"... What if the Kaiser's Germany won World War I?"...  3, record 36, English, - counterfactual%20history

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

D'abord, comment désigne-t-on cet exercice qui consiste à faire l'histoire avec des «si» ? Les Anglais disent What if? Il y a d'ailleurs des collections entières de livres anglais qui portent ce titre. C'est un titre prosaïque qui diminue sans doute un peu le sujet. On peut, en termes plus abstraits, parler d'histoire contrefactuelle ou virtuelle. Un de nos compatriotes du XIXe siècle, Charles Renouvier, avait inventé un substantif féminin, l'uchronie, construit à partir du grec sur le modèle d'utopie, pour désigner l'histoire faite en pensée, telle qu'elle aurait pu être et qu'elle n'a pas été.  1, record 36, French, - histoire%20contrefactuelle

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any badge that is worn on a helmet.  1, record 37, English, - helmet%20plate

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In British military terminology, the phrase refers to the large star-shaped badge worn by all ranks on the blue cloth helmet adopted in 1878 and used in full dress until the outbreak of World War I.  1, record 37, English, - helmet%20plate

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In informal British usage, the term refers to a German, especially a German soldier in World War I, because of the helmet worn by the German soldier of that period. The helmet resembled a jerry, which is a popular British designation for a chamber pot. The term was then used by American soldiers later on.  2, record 38, English, - Jerry

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Jerry was using 88-mm shells.  3, record 38, English, - Jerry

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Argot militaire pour désigner un Allemand.  2, record 38, French, - Boche

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The York-Sunbury Historical Society Museum is an excellent repository of the history of central New Brunswick. Situated in former military barracks, the Museum superbly documents the history of native peoples, Acadians and Loyalists. Also on display are artifacts from World War I and World War II.  1, record 39, English, - York%2DSunbury%20Historical%20Society%20Museum

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Musée de la Société historique York-Sunbury offre une excellente représentation de l'histoire de la partie centrale du Nouveau-Brunswick. Situé dans d'anciennes baraques militaires, le Musée reflète très bien l'histoire des Autochtones, des Acadiens et des Loyalistes. On y trouve aussi quelques objets datant de la Première et de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.  1, record 39, French, - Mus%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20historique%20York%2DSunbury

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A commemorative battlefield park and a monument located north of the town of Albert in Picardie, France, together designated as of national historic significance by Parks Canada on April 10, 1997, and plaqued on November 8, 1997. The site is administered by Veteran Affairs Canada. The monument, a great bronze caribou, the emblem of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment, was erected to speak eloquently to the bravery and sacrifice of the soldiers of that regiment at the Battle of the Somme on July 1, 1916. The battlefield memorial park, officially opened on June 7, 1925, was established in memory of Newfoundlanders who fell in the First World War at Beaumont-Hamel.  1, record 40, English, - Newfoundland%20Beaumont%2DHamel%20Battlefield%20and%20Memorial

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The national historic site] represents Newfoundland's accomplishment, contribution and sacrifice in World War I.  3, record 40, English, - Newfoundland%20Beaumont%2DHamel%20Battlefield%20and%20Memorial

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 OBS

One must distinguish between the object of designation, the "Newfoundland Beaumont-Hamel Battlefield and Memorial" (since 1999), previously the "Beaumont-Hamel Battlefield and Memorial" (from 1996), and the administrative entity, the "Newfoundland Beaumont-Hamel Battlefield and Memorial National Historic Site of Canada," shortened to "Beaumont-Hamel National Historic Site of Canada." The generic "National Historic Site of Canada" is official since 2001.  1, record 40, English, - Newfoundland%20Beaumont%2DHamel%20Battlefield%20and%20Memorial

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Some of the information on this record taken from appropriate Internet pages of Veteran Affairs Canada.  1, record 40, English, - Newfoundland%20Beaumont%2DHamel%20Battlefield%20and%20Memorial

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Parc commémoratif aménagé sur un champ de bataille et monument commémoratif qui y est érigé, au nord de la ville d'Albert en Picardie (France), ensemble désignés historiques par Parcs Canada le 10 avril 1997, avec pose de plaque le 8 novembre 1997. Le lieu est administré par Anciens Combattants Canada. Le monument, un grand caribou de bronze, l'emblème du Royal Newfoundland Regiment, veut évoquer la bravoure et le sacrifice des soldats de ce régiment durant la bataille de la Somme, le 1er juillet 1916. Le parc commémoratif, inauguré le 7 juin 1925, a été aménagé sur le champ de bataille à la mémoire des Terre-Neuviens qui ont succombé durant la Première Guerre mondiale à Beaumont-Hamel.  1, record 40, French, - parc%20et%20monument%20comm%C3%A9moratifs%20de%20Terre%2DNeuve%20%C3%A0%20Beaumont%2DHamel

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Le lieu historique national est] représentatif des réalisations, de la contribution et du sacrifice de Terre-Neuve durant la Première Guerre mondiale.  3, record 40, French, - parc%20et%20monument%20comm%C3%A9moratifs%20de%20Terre%2DNeuve%20%C3%A0%20Beaumont%2DHamel

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Il y a lieu de distinguer entre l'objet de désignation, les «parc et monument commémoratifs de Terre-Neuve à Beaumont-Hamel» (depuis 1999), auparavant les «parc et monument commémoratifs à Beaumont-Hamel» (à compter de 1996) (sont désignés historiques le champ de bataille devenu parc commémoratif, et le monument commémoratif qui y est érigé), et l'entité administrative, le «lieu historique national du Canada des Parc-et-Monument-Commémoratifs-de-Terre-Neuve-à-Beaumont-Hamel», souvent appelé «lieu historique national du Canada à/de Beaumont-Hamel». Le générique «lieu historique national du Canada» est d'usage depuis 2001.  1, record 40, French, - parc%20et%20monument%20comm%C3%A9moratifs%20de%20Terre%2DNeuve%20%C3%A0%20Beaumont%2DHamel

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Malgré ce qu'on peut lire sur les pages Internet de Anciens Combattants Canada, «parc commémoratif de champ de bataille» et «monument commémoratif de champ de bataille» rendent incorrectement les expressions anglaises «battlefield memorial park» et «battlefield memorial».  1, record 40, French, - parc%20et%20monument%20comm%C3%A9moratifs%20de%20Terre%2DNeuve%20%C3%A0%20Beaumont%2DHamel

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Certains des renseignements pour la rédaction de cette fiche sont extraits des pages Internet appropriées de Anciens Combattants Canada.  1, record 40, French, - parc%20et%20monument%20comm%C3%A9moratifs%20de%20Terre%2DNeuve%20%C3%A0%20Beaumont%2DHamel

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rent controls are often instituted in response to a major economic or political shock which limits the responsiveness of the housing market. Most European nations introduced rent control during World War I, only to liberalize in the inter-war years. Controls were re-introduced in World War II in Europe, North America, and, under European colonial influence, much of the developing world as well. Most jurisdictions in the U. S. and Canada removed controls in the post war years; however, controls were maintained in much of Europe and the developing world.  1, record 41, English, - rent%20control

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gel des loyers pour l'année 2001 est le premier axe d'une campagne nationale menée par la CNL (Confédération nationale du logement) [...] «Il faut pousser le ministère à décider un blocage des loyers, qui est parfaitement justifié. Les bailleurs, aussi bien dans le social que dans le privé, ont eu suffisamment de compensations» [...]  2, record 41, French, - blocage%20des%20loyers

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Au début de la seconde guerre mondiale, presque tous les gouvernements européens avaient repris à leur compte des mesures de blocage des loyers et de maintien dans les lieux.  3, record 41, French, - blocage%20des%20loyers

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Iran possesses a large chemical weapon(CW) arsenal consisting primarily of first generation(World War I era) agents, and it is believed to have a nerve gas research and development program...  1, record 42, English, - chemical%20weapon%20arsenal

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Comme certains pays continuent de chercher à se doter d'un arsenal d'armes chimiques et (ou) biologiques offensives, les pays comme le Canada doivent continuer de se préoccuper de l'utilisation clandestine possible des produits et de la technologie pouvant servir à la production de ces armes.  1, record 42, French, - arsenal%20d%27armes%20chimiques

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When World War I broke out, the inflow of British capital stopped and the few Canadian investment dealers then in business organized the first war loans to allow the savings of Canadians to be lent to the government to finance the war effort.  2, record 43, English, - war%20loan

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque la Première Guerre mondiale éclata en 1914, l'apport de capitaux britanniques cessa et les quelques courtiers en valeurs mobilières canadiens qui faisaient alors partie du commerce ont organisé les premières campagnes d'emprunts de guerre afin de permettre aux Canadiens de prêter leurs économies au gouvernement dans le but de financer l'effort de guerre.  1, record 43, French, - emprunt%20de%20guerre

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

mandate: Territories detached from the former Central Powers and put under a tutelary regime in accordance with Art. 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations.  3, record 44, English, - mandated%20territory

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[A] Mandate System [is] a system set up by Art. 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations following World War I under which certain colonies and territories of the defeated powers "ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them". These mandated territories were placed under the tutelage of mandatory States on behalf of, and making annual reports to, the League.  1, record 44, English, - mandated%20territory

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

With the creation of the United Nations the mandates [or mandated territories] were converted into Trust Territories under the administration of the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations.  1, record 44, English, - mandated%20territory

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

État d'un territoire placé sous tutelle pour une durée temporaire.  2, record 44, French, - territoire%20sous%20mandat

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Avec la création des Nations Unies, les territoires sous mandat sont devenus territoires sous tutelle sous l'administration du Conseil de tutelle des Nations Unies.  3, record 44, French, - territoire%20sous%20mandat

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plain, tightly woven, water-repellent fabric traditionally made of mercerized cotton. During World War I, the fabric was treated with a cellulose acetate dope and used to cover the wings, tail, and fuselage of airplanes. Today, similar fabrics made from nylon or polyester/cotton blends are used in rainwear and sportswear.  1, record 45, English, - airplane%20fabric

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An understanding since the Congress of Vienna (1814-15) between the chief European powers to take only joint action in suppressing revolutions, maintaining the treaties of Paris and Vienna and regulating the affairs of Europe generally.  1, record 46, English, - Concert%20of%20Europe

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It ceased to exist on the formation of the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente before World War I.  1, record 46, English, - Concert%20of%20Europe

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le règlement des crises, le maintien de la paix, les revendications territoriales ne sont l'objet que d'un mécanisme de conférences plus ou moins périodiques des grandes puissances (système de la Sainte-Alliance, puis du Concert européen) qui veillent au respect de l'ordre public international tel qu'elles le conçoivent.  1, record 46, French, - Concert%20europ%C3%A9en

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Además, la misma idea del 'equilibrio' y del 'concierto europeo' que impedía la hegemonía de un estado, tendía a poner límites a la ferocidad propia de los encuentros bélicos.  1, record 46, Spanish, - concierto%20europeo

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

a code of law in time of war, accepting liberal principles of neutral rights that had long been opposed by Britain. It was proposed by the representatives of France in 1856 at the Conference of Paris, which met to end the Crimean War.... Its rules were considered binding in customary international law during World War I and World War II.  1, record 47, English, - Declaration%20of%20Paris

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La règle de l'effectivité du blocus est énoncée dans la déclaration de Paris du 16 avril 1856 : «Les blocus, pour être obligatoires, doivent être effectifs, c'est-à-dire maintenus par une force suffisante pour interdire réellement l'accès du littoral à l'ennemi.»  2, record 47, French, - d%C3%A9claration%20de%20Paris

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A system set up by Art. 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations following World War I under which certain colonies and territories of the defeated powers "ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them". These mandated territories were placed under the tutelage of mandatory States on behalf of, and making annual reports to the League.  1, record 48, English, - Mandate%20System

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The Mandate was created, in the interest of the inhabitants of the territory and of humanity in general, as an international institution with an international object - a sacred trust of civilization.  2, record 48, English, - Mandate%20System

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 3 OBS

With the creation of the United Nations, the mandates were converted into Trust Territories under the administration of the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations.  1, record 48, English, - Mandate%20System

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'année suivante [1947], l'Afrique du Sud a fait savoir à l'Organisation des Nations Unies que, en raison de l'attitude adoptée par l'Assemblée, elle avait décidé de ne pas incorporer le Sud-Ouest africain. Elle ajoutait qu'elle n'acceptait pas de placer le territoire sous le régime de tutelle, mais qu'elle se proposait de maintenir le statu quo et de continuer à administrer le territoire «dans l'esprit du Mandat actuel», et qu'elle s'engageait à soumettre des rapports sur son administration pour l'information des Nations Unies.  1, record 48, French, - Mandat

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A synthetic rubber made in Germany during World War I by polymerization of dimethyl-butadiene.  2, record 49, English, - methyl%20rubber

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Russian braid: Narrow, flat, decorative braid. Same as soutache.  1, record 50, English, - Russian%20braid

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Soutache: Narrow, flat, decorative braid.  1, record 50, English, - Russian%20braid

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Imperial German Shoulder Straps 1910-1918... The purpose of this article is to briefly describe the shoulder straps or epaulets of the Imperial German enlisted infantry of World War I. It is important to distinguish between shoulder straps, epaulets and shoulder boards. Shoulder straps and epaulets are basically the same thing-a strap fabric with some form of regimental or corps insignia embroidered on it... Boards are the epaulets reserved for officers and while serving the fame function as shoulder straps(regimental or corps distinction), are made of silver or gold) Russian braid or tape with some form of ram; distinction on it... The correct name for these types of shoulder boards Achselstuck.  2, record 50, English, - Russian%20braid

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tresse de galon [...]. Ouvrage de passementerie (tresse ou galon) servant d'ornement distinctif sur les uniformes, les képis [...].  1, record 50, French, - soutache

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Memorial Day, originally called Decoration Day, is a day of remembrance for those who have died in our nation's service. The holiday was first proclaimed on 5 May 1868, by General John Logan in his General Order No. 11, and was first observed on 30 May 1868, when flowers were placed on the graves of Union and Confederate soldiers. The South refused to acknowledge Decoration Day, honoring their dead on separate days until after World War I. It is now celebrated in almost every state on the last Monday in May.  2, record 51, English, - Memorial%20Day

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Literally, "emergency money" : a word widely used to describe a series of emergency paper money, issued by states, towns, and cities, banks, businesses, and even private individuals during the first half of the XX Century. Most numismatists restrict the term to German and Austrian emergency paper currency issued during the World War I period.  1, record 52, English, - notgeld

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See relaterd term: emergency money.  1, record 52, English, - notgeld