TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the plaintiff suffers harm, which has two causes in fact(but-for causes) : the original wrongdoer's negligence and the intervening party's(last wrongdoer's) tort. The original wrongdoer is sometimes the sole defendant.... The question is : Under what circumstances will the last wrongdoer's intervening tort cut off the original wrongdoer's liability?  4, record 1, English, - last%20wrongdoer

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Self-reporting is the reporting of harmful or non-compliant behaviour by the wrongdoer to the enforcement authority.  2, record 2, English, - self%2Dreporting

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'auto-dénonciation est une tendance récente pour trois raisons [...] Les entreprises ont d'abord de plus en plus peur des amendes. Elles cherchent ensuite davantage à sortir des cartels et veulent finalement échapper aux sanctions en étant la première à collaborer avec les autorités.  2, record 2, French, - autod%C3%A9nonciation

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] succession of events [that] links an act or legal cause with a result or damage.  2, record 3, English, - chain%20of%20causation

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... it has been a long-standing judicial technique to isolate certain intervening forces which, in combination with the defendant's, default, precipitate or aggravate the plaintiff's injury. The question then arises whether the original wrongdoer is to be held for loss contributed to by the external force or whether, in the favoured legal vernacular, it "snapped the chain of causation".  3, record 3, English, - chain%20of%20causation

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chaîne causale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 3, French, - cha%C3%AEne%20causale

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In cases where the intervening act was not simply negligent but deliberately harmful or highly reckless, the isolation test at one time invariably led to the exoneration of the original wrongdoer.  2, record 4, English, - intervening%20act

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

acte intervenant : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 4, French, - acte%20intervenant

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In cases where the intervening act was not simply negligent but deliberately harmful or highly reckless, the isolation test at one time invariably led to the exoneration of the original wrongdoer.  2, record 5, English, - original%20wrongdoer

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transgresseur initial, transgresseuse initiale : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 5, French, - transgresseur%20initial

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For long, the arbitrary principle prevailed that if, after the defendant's default, there intervened the culpable act of a third person, the "last human wrongdoer" was alone answerable for the plaintiff's injury.  2, record 6, English, - last%20human%20wrongdoer

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ultime transgresseur; ultime transgresseuse : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 6, French, - ultime%20transgresseur

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... tort... in which the wrongdoer either desires to bring about a result which is an injury to another, or believes that the result is substantially certain to follow from what he does.  2, record 7, English, - intentional%20tort

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

délit civil intentionnel; délit intentionnel : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 7, French, - d%C3%A9lit%20civil%20intentionnel

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Injuries are discussed only in the most general terms, if at all, and the periods of time that the damage award is intended to recompense is almost never mentioned. In short, the factual information which would provide some precedential value for future cases is almost invariably lacking. This can be exceedingly frustrating to those of us who are confronted with "damage award" issues on a regular basis.  2, record 8, English, - damage%20award

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Damages are the sum of money which a person wronged is entitled to receive from the wrongdoer as compensation for the wrong.  3, record 8, English, - damage%20award

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A person having actual possession is presumed to have the right of property and is accordingly entitled to have his possession protected unless anyone can prove a superior title. Even if he has no right to possession, he is entitled as against a stranger or a wrongdoer to have the rights and remedies of a person entitled to possession.("Oxford Companion to Law", 1980, p. 971).  2, record 9, English, - right%20to%20possession

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit à la possession : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 9, French, - droit%20%C3%A0%20la%20possession

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The early common law was almost exclusively preoccupied with the problem of wrestling with the intentional wrongdoer, and showed little inclination to deal with the infliction of inadvertent harm.  1, record 10, English, - intentional%20wrongdoer

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In order for the conduct of the intervening agent to break the sequence of events and stay the operative force of the negligence of the original wrongdoer, the intervening conduct must be of such nature and kind that the original wrongdoer had no reasonable ground to anticipate it.  2, record 11, English, - intervening%20conduct

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Liability arising from a proceeding intended at least partly to penalize a wrongdoer.  2, record 12, English, - penal%20liability

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Responsibility for safety" means responsibility for proactive measures relating to the work environment, while "penal liability" implies the determination post facto of who is responsible for an accident/incident having occurred.  3, record 12, English, - penal%20liability

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Obligation pour une personne de répondre de ses actes lorsque son comportement viole des règles établies par l'État pour assurer l'ordre et la paix dans la société et, le cas échéant, d'en subir la sanction selon les prescriptions de la loi.  2, record 12, French, - responsabilit%C3%A9%20p%C3%A9nale

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[D] ispossession, a wrong or injury which may be sustained in respect of hereditaments, corporeal or incorporeal, carrying with it the deprivation of possession; for thereby the wrongdoer gets into the actual occupation of the land or hereditament, and obliges him who has a right to seek his legal remedy in order to gain possession and damage for the injury sustained. An ouster may be either rightful or wrongful. A wrongful ouster is a disseisin.(Jowitt, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1296).  1, record 13, English, - ouster

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

privation de possession : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 13, French, - privation%20de%20possession

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Changing from the possession of one person to that of another; ouster; a wrong or injury that carries with it the amotion of possession thereby getting the wrongdoer into the actual occupation of the land or hereditament....(Ballentine, p. 358)  1, record 14, English, - dispossession

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dépossession : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9possession

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The early common law was almost exclusively pre-occupied with the problem of wrestling with the intentional wrongdoer, and showed little inclination to deal with the infliction of inadvertent harm.  2, record 15, English, - inadvertent%20harm

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dommage causé par inadvertance, préjudice causé par inadvertance : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 15, French, - dommage%20caus%C3%A9%20par%20inadvertance

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The principle that if, after the defendant's default, there intervened the culpable act of a third person, the "last human wrongdoer" was alone answerable for the plaintiffs's injury.  1, record 16, English, - doctrine%20of%20the%20last%20human%20wrongdoer

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The question then arises whether the original wrongdoer is to be held for loss contributed to by the external force of whether, in the favoured legal vernacular, it "snapped the chain of causation".  1, record 17, English, - snap%20the%20chain%20of%20causation

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To impose a punishment on a criminal wrongdoer.  2, record 18, English, - sentence

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] decretar [contra un acusado], imponiendo la pena o sanción correspondiente.  1, record 18, Spanish, - condenar

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... since "responsibility" is not synonymous with moral blame-worthiness, a defendant who has been held strictly liable without fault should not necessarily be entitled to a complete indemnity from a negligent wrongdoer. Moreover... there is no specific prohibition against contribution even between intentional tortfeasors....  1, record 19, English, - intentional%20tortfeasor

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The procedure in a subrogation recovery may be simply put. First, pay the insured. Second, obtain the evidence against the wrongdoer. Third, collect the money by claim or suit if necessary.  1, record 20, English, - subrogation%20recovery

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La procédure en recouvrement par subrogation peut être simplement présentée. D'abord, payer l'assuré. Ensuite, réunir des preuves contre le responsable. Enfin, recouvrer l'argent en faisant une demande d'indemnité ou si nécessaire en prenant action.  1, record 20, French, - recouvrement%20par%20subrogation

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish