TERMIUM Plus®

From: Translation Bureau

On social media

Consult the Government of Canada’s terminology data bank.

WRONGFULLY [33 records]

Filter results by subject field Alphabetical list of terms

Filter results by subject field

Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2026-01-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Offences and crimes
DEF

A criminal offense, which occurs when a person obtains money, behavior, or other goods and/or services from another by wrongfully threatening or inflicting harm to his person, reputation, or property.

CONT

Extortion. Every one commits extortion who, without reasonable justification or excuse and with intent to obtain anything, by threats, accusations, menaces or violence induces or attempts to induce any person, whether or not he is the person threatened, accused or menaced or to whom violence is shown, to do anything or cause anything to be done.

OBS

Officially approved by the Terminology Committee of the Department of the Solicitor General.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Infractions et crimes
CONT

Extorsion. Commet une extorsion quiconque, sans justification ou excuse raisonnable et avec l'intention d'obtenir quelque chose, par menaces, accusations ou violence, induit ou tente d'induire une personne, que ce soit ou non la personne menacée ou accusée, ou celle contre qui la violence est exercée, à accomplir ou à faire accomplir quelque chose.

OBS

Terme uniformisé par le Comité de terminologie du ministère du Solliciteur général.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Infracciones y crímenes
Save record 1

Record 2 2022-10-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Offences and crimes
  • Internet and Telematics
DEF

The act of taking the property of another wrongfully through the use of computers or the Internet.

OBS

For example, theft of financial data.

Key term(s)
  • cyber theft

French

Domaine(s)
  • Infractions et crimes
  • Internet et télématique
OBS

Par exemple, vol de données financières.

OBS

cybervol : terme tiré du mini-lexique «Cyberespace et droit» et reproduit avec l'autorisation du Centre de ressources en français juridique de l'Université de Saint-Boniface.

Key term(s)
  • cyber vol

Spanish

Save record 2

Record 3 2016-07-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tort Law (common law)
CONT

Where one man orders or procures another to commit a trespass, and the agent does so, both principal and agent are liable for the damage done.

OBS

Trespass : To commit an unlawful injury to the person, property, or rights of another, with actual or implied force or violence, especially to enter onto another's land wrongfully.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des délits (common law)

Spanish

Save record 3

Record 4 2016-01-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Law of Contracts (common law)
  • Special-Language Phraseology
DEF

A contract not made expressly but created by force of law in circumstances which make the creation of a contract just and reasonable.

CONT

Simple contracts arising independently of agreement, or contracts implied in law, exist in certain cases where an obligation is created by law for the purpose of setting the parties right-where one of them has suffered loss by doing something for the benefit of the other, or where one of them has wrongfully or by accident gained an advantage over the other.

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des contrats (common law)
  • Phraséologie des langues de spécialité
OBS

contrat de droit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 4

Record 5 2015-10-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tort Law (common law)
  • Property Law (common law)
CONT

The doctrine of "continuous trespass" applies only to omissions to remove something which has been brought on land and wrongfully left there; it does not extend to other cases where a defendant fails to restore the land to the same condition in which he found it, there the plaintiff can only treat the initial entry as trespass and must content himself with one action in which damages are recoverable for both past and future loss.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des délits (common law)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)

Spanish

Save record 5

Record 6 2015-06-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Family Law (common law)
CONT

The husband's action for loss of services against anyone who has wrongfully injured his wife is firmly rooted in the history of our law.

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit de la famille (common law)
OBS

perte de services : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

OBS

Le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO), a normalisé l'équivalent «perte de services» dans le cadre de ses travaux en droit de la famille (2011). Cette décision a pour effet d'invalider l'équivalent précédemment retenu dans le dossier CTDJ délits 11, à savoir «privation de services domestiques».

Spanish

Save record 6

Record 7 2015-05-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Property Law (common law)
DEF

An individual' s repossession of something wrongfully taken or detained from him, to which he is otherwise entitled.

OBS

Proceedings for the recovery of land from a person wrongfully in possession of it are taken in the High Court, or in the country courts, or before the justices.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
DEF

Action de recouvrer, de reprendre possession d'un droit de propriété.

Spanish

Save record 7

Record 8 2015-05-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Practice and Procedural Law
  • Property Law (common law)
  • Property Law (civil law)
CONT

Proceedings for the recovery of land from a person wrongfully in possession of it are taken in the High Court, or in the county courts, or before the justices.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit judiciaire
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (droit civil)

Spanish

Save record 8

Record 9 2015-04-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tort Law (common law)
CONT

The doctrine of "continuous trespass" applies only to omissions to remove something which has been brought on land and wrongfully left there; it does not extend to other cases where a defendant fails to restore the land to the same condition in which he found it, there the plaintiff can only treat the initial entry as trespass and must content himself with one action in which damages are recoverable for both past and future loss.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des délits (common law)
DEF

Dommage déjà réalisé, par opposition au dommage futur.

Spanish

Save record 9

Record 10 2015-04-02

English

Subject field(s)
  • Legal Actions
  • Foreign Trade
CONT

Where, under a contract of sale, the property in the goods has passed to the buyer, and the buyer wrongfully neglects or refuses to pay for the goods according to the terms of the contract, the seller may maintain an action against him for the price of the goods.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Actions en justice
  • Commerce extérieur
CONT

Lorsque, aux termes d'un contrat de vente, la propriété des objets a été transférée à l'acheteur qui, de façon injustifiée, néglige ou refuse de payer les objets selon les clauses du contrat, le vendeur peut intenter à l'encontre de l'acheteur une action en paiement du prix des objets.

Spanish

Save record 10

Record 11 2015-03-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Evidence
CONT

... the learned trial judge erred in law in wrongfully admitting evidence in which the prejudicial value outweighed the probative value.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit de la preuve
CONT

[...] le savant juge de première instance a commis une erreur de droit en admettant à tort des éléments de preuve dont le caractère préjudiciable l'emporte sur la force probante.

Spanish

Save record 11

Record 12 2013-06-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
CONT

A tenant at sufferance is one who enters by lawful demise or title and afterwards wrongfully continues in possession without the assent or dissent of the person next entitled.(Williams & Rhodes, 5th ed., 1983, p. 4-17).

Key term(s)
  • tenant at suffrance

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

Terme générique propre à la common law.

OBS

tenant par tolérance : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 12

Record 13 2013-06-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
DEF

(T) he title acquired by one who, having wrongfully entered upon land, has occupied it without paying rent or otherwise acknowledging any superior title for such time that he acquires an indefeasible title.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1689).

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

squatteur : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).

OBS

titre de squatteur : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 13

Record 14 2012-12-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
CONT

Estate at sufferance. At the common law a tenant at sufferance was one who entered by a lawful lease and held over wrongfully. He had only a naked possession, and no estate which he could transfer or transmit.(Cartwright, 1972, p. 323)

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

domaine de tolérance : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 14

Record 15 2012-12-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
CONT

Equitable disseisin is where a person is wrongfully deprived of the equitable seisin of land, "e. g. ", of the rents and profits.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 628).

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

dessaisine en equity : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 15

Record 16 2012-12-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
CONT

The doctrine of relation is that by which an act is made to produce the same effect as if it had occurred at an earlier time. (Jowitt’s, 2nd ed., 1977 p. 1531)

CONT

However, the doctrine of relation back applies not only to an executor, but also to an administrator, to enable him to bring an action before he receives the grant against anyone dealing wrongfully with the deceased's property, or to enforce a contract of sale of the deceased's property for the benefit of the estate.(Feeney, 2nd, vol. 1, p. 149)

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

doctrine de la rétroactivité : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 16

Record 17 2012-11-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
DEF

One who puts another out of the possession of his lands wrongfully.(Black's, 5th ed., 1979, p. 424).

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

dessaisissant; dessaisissante : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 17

Record 18 2012-11-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
DEF

The wrongful putting out of him who is actually seised of a freehold; the act of wrongfully depriving a person of the seisin of land, rents, or other hereditaments, as where a man not having a right of entry on certain lands or tenements enters on them and ousts him who has the freehold or does not permit the possessor to enjoy, or makes his enjoyment less beneficial, although he does not expel him altogether....(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 627).

Key term(s)
  • disseisen

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

dessaisine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 18

Record 19 2010-10-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tort Law (common law)
  • Property Law (common law)
DEF

A process at common law to obtain the redelivery to an owner of chattels wrongfully distrained or taken from him, normally in satisfaction of rent allegedly due and unpaid, on his finding sufficient security for the rent and costs of action, and undertaking that he will pursue an action against the distrainer to determine the latter's right to distrain.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des délits (common law)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Derecho de ilícitos civiles (common law)
  • Derecho de propiedad (common law)
Save record 19

Record 20 2009-09-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Estates (common law)
OBS

... the title of administrator is said to relate back to the death of the deceased to enable him to bring an action against anyone who has dealt wrongfully with the deceased's estate....("Macdonell, Sheard and Hull on Probate Practice" 3rd ed., 1981, p. 210)

CONT

An executor’s title is derived from the will; probate is mere evidence of title and it relates back to [the testator’s] death. (Curzon, Law of Succession, 1976, p. 185)

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit successoral (common law)
OBS

Le verbe «relate back», peut se rendre en français par «rétroagir.

Spanish

Save record 20

Record 21 2009-02-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Contracts (common law)
  • Insurance
DEF

A duty existing in every contract, obligating each party to cooperate with, or at least not to wrongfully hinder, the other party's performance.

CONT

A court may excuse a condition if the party whose obligation is conditioned has breached or repudiated its own duty (such as an implied duty of cooperation or an implied duty of best efforts) and that breach or repudiation materially contributes to the non-occurrence of the condition.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des contrats (common law)
  • Assurances
CONT

L'obligation implicite de collaboration et d'assistance technique. Dans l'arrêt Provigo Distribution inc. [...] la Cour d'appel devait décider si Provigo avait violé les droits dévolus à son franchisé en vertu d'une convention d'affiliation liant les parties. Provigo avait adopté une nouvelle stratégie de mise en marché, laquelle intensifiait notamment la concurrence livrée à l'égard de l'un de ses franchisés.

Spanish

Save record 21

Record 22 2007-04-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Property Law (common law)
  • Property Law (civil law)
DEF

The act of wrongfully remaining in possession of property(as after expiration of a lease).

CONT

The act of retaining possession of property without legal right. The term unlawful detainer ordinarily refers to the conduct of a tenant who is in possession of an apartment or leased property and refuses to leave the premises upon the expiration or termination of the lease. Typically, the landlord wishes to evict the tenant for not paying the rent or for endangering the safety of the other tenants or the landlord’s property.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (droit civil)
CONT

La possession est indépendante de tout droit sur ou à la chose, car elle repose sur une maîtrise de fait. Possession légitime = fondée sur le droit; possession illégitime = qui existe sans que le possesseur soit au bénéfice d'un tel droit.

CONT

Possession illégale. Une personne ne peut revendiquer un intérêt dans un bien dans le cadre d'une requête présentée en vertu de la présente loi si, sous le régime des lois du Canada ou du Manitoba, la possession du bien par la personne constituerait une infraction.

Spanish

Save record 22

Record 23 2007-04-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Property Law (common law)
  • Property Law (civil law)
  • Practice and Procedural Law
DEF

A legal process used by a landlord to regain possession of the leased premises if the tenant has breached the lease or is holding over after the termination of tenancy.

CONT

Summary possession is a statutory proceeding that enables a landlord to regain possession of his property and remove any tenant who is wrongfully in possession of the land in question. The purpose of a summary possession proceeding is to provide a prompt remedy for landlords against tenants who have violated a material condition of their lease or have wrongfully withheld possession after expiration of the lease.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (droit civil)
  • Droit judiciaire
CONT

En mai 2005, la Régie donne raison au locataire. Elle conclue que la loi ne permet pas la reprise de possession d'un logement pour y loger des aides-soignants et que la demande de Mme Gubner n'est qu'un prétexte pour chasser son locataire.

CONT

Droit de reprise de possession pour non-paiement du loyer [...] même si aucune mise en demeure formelle n'a été faite, le locateur peut, en tout temps après ce délai, reprendre légalement possession des lieux loués ou de toute partie de ceux-ci au nom de l'ensemble, et les avoir et posséder à nouveau et en jouir comme de son droit antérieur.

Spanish

Save record 23

Record 24 2005-08-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Property Law (common law)
CONT

... a distrainer who makes an excessive distress, or makes a distress wrongfully, shall be liable in damages to the owner of the goods or chattels distrained.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

Les syntagmes verbaux tels que «levy a distress, make a distress» peuvent se rendre en français par «effectuer, faire, opérer, pratiquer une saisie-gagerie» ou par «procéder à une saisie-gagerie».

Spanish

Save record 24

Record 25 2005-05-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tort Law (common law)
DEF

The tort of wrongfully detaining another's goods after a demand has been made for their return.

OBS

The term "wrongful detention" is also used in reference to persons.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des délits (common law)
OBS

détention illégale : terme recommandé par le Comité d'uniformisation des règles de procédure civile dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Key term(s)
  • détention illégitime de biens

Spanish

Save record 25

Record 26 2004-10-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Symptoms (Medicine)
  • The Skin
CONT

Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by erythematous, eczematous patches with yellow, greasy scales localized to hairy areas and regions of the skin with high concentrations of sebaceous glands, especially the middle of the face, nasolabial folds, eyebrows, ear canals, retroauricular folds, and presternal areas. Dandruff is scaling of the scalp without inflammation.

OBS

Seborrheic dermatitis. The term dermatitis is a generic term compared to eczema, both terms are often wrongfully used as synonyms. The term eczema or eczematous dermatitis is applied to eruptions characterized histologically by epidermal intercellular edema, termed spongiosis.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Symptômes (Médecine)
  • Appareil cutané
CONT

Dermatite séborrhéique («eczéma» séborrhéique). Cette dermatose très fréquente n'a pas d'étiopathogénie univoque : on incrimine la colonisation par une levure saprophyte (Malassezia furfur) des zones séborrhéiques. Cependant, la gravité de la dermatite séborrhéique (DS) n'est pas toujours corrélée avec la densité cutanée de cette levure. Un état levurique pelliculaire du scalp (pityriasis capitis) est fréquemment associé.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Síntomas (Medicina)
  • Piel
DEF

Infección de la capa córnea de la piel por ciertos hongos que causan descamación, precisamente en forma de escamas secas del cuero cabelludo, piel de la cara y del tronco.

Save record 26

Record 27 2003-08-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Property Law (common law)
  • Practice and Procedural Law
OBS

Replevin... An action for the repossession of personal property wrongfully taken or detained by the defendant, whereby the plaintiff gives security for and holds the property until the court decides who owns it.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
  • Droit judiciaire
CONT

Clause de reprise de possession d'un bien mobilier.

Spanish

Save record 27

Record 28 2001-07-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Penal Law
CONT

Every one who, wrongfully and without lawful authority, for the purpose of compelling another person to abstain from doing anything that he has a lawful right to do...(f) besets or watches the dwelling-house or place where that person resides... is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit pénal
CONT

Est coupable d'une infraction punissable sur déclaration de culpabilité par procédure sommaire quiconque, injustement et sans autorisation légitime, dans le dessein de forcer une autre personne à s'abstenir de faire une chose qu'elle a légalement le droit de faire [...] f) cerne ou surveille la maison d'habitation ou le lieu où cette personne réside [...].

Spanish

Save record 28

Record 29 2001-07-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Phraseology
CONT

Upon application, a court... is satified that a child ha been wrongfully removed to or is being wrongfully retained in Manitoba...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Phraséologie
CONT

Si le tribunal saisi de la demande [...] conclut que l'enfant a été amené ou est retenu irrégulièrement au Manitoba [...]

Spanish

Save record 29

Record 30 2001-07-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Phraseology
CONT

Upon application, a court... is satified that a child has been wrongfully removed to or is being wrongfully retained in Manitoba...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Phraséologie
CONT

Si le tribunal saisi de la demande [...] conclut que l'enfant a été amené ou est retenu irrégulièrement au Manitoba [...]

Spanish

Save record 30

Record 31 1994-12-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Foreign Trade
  • Insurance
CONT

In a situation where an individual Canadian exporter has signed a contract with a foreign buyer which requires him to establish Guarantees... performance security insurance program can protect him against the risk of a Guarantee being wrongfully called...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Commerce extérieur
  • Assurances
CONT

Dans le cas où un exportateur canadien a signé avec un acheteur étranger un contrat en vertu duquel il doit délivrer des garanties, l'actuel programme d'assurance-caution de bonne fin [...] peut le protéger contre le risque d'appel injustifié de la garantie [...]

Spanish

Save record 31

Record 32 1984-03-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Obligations (civil law)
DEF

If a person intentionally directs force against one person wrongfully but, instead, hits another, his intent is said to be transferred from one to the other and he is liable to the other though he did not intend it in the first instance.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des obligations (droit civil)
OBS

Transfert d'intention. (...) si A a l'intention de tirer sur B mais atteint C accidentellement, A est responsable des blessures de C. Même si A n'avait pas l'intention de tirer sur C, par souci de justice envers C on transfère l'intention de B à C.

Spanish

Save record 32

Record 33 1983-06-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Property Law (civil law)
DEF

The equitable doctrine that where a trustee has handed over trust property wrongfully, the beneficiary may not only recover the property so long as not mixed with other property, but may recover it from anyone who has taken it with notice of the equitable interest or without having given value for it, or recover any specific asset into which the trust property has been converted, or have a charge on any fund into which the trust assets have been mixed, or any assets purchased with the trust funds.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (droit civil)

Spanish

Save record 33

Copyright notice for the TERMIUM Plus® data bank

© Public Services and Procurement Canada, 2026
TERMIUM Plus®, the Government of Canada's terminology and linguistic data bank
A product of the Translation Bureau

Display options

Change the order of display of the official languages of Canada
Option to display the non-official languages (Spanish or Portuguese)
Display definitions, contexts, etc., on records

Features

GCtranslate (available on the Government of Canada network only)

Use this artificial intelligence prototype to translate Government of Canada content up to and including Protected B. Available to employees of selected departments and agencies only.

Writing tools

The Language Portal’s writing tools have a new look! Easy to consult, they give you access to a wealth of information that will help you write better in English and French.

Glossaries and vocabularies

Access Translation Bureau glossaries and vocabularies.

Date Modified: