TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device for determining X-ray intensity as a function of the energy of the radiation.  1, record 1, English, - energy%2Ddispersive%20X%2Dray%20spectrometer

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Electron column instruments attached with wavelength-dispersive or energy-dispersive spectrometers may be used for the analysis of Portland cement clinkers.  2, record 1, English, - energy%2Ddispersive%20X%2Dray%20spectrometer

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer; EDS: designations and definition standardized by ISO.  3, record 1, English, - energy%2Ddispersive%20X%2Dray%20spectrometer

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil permettant de déterminer l'intensité des rayons X en fonction de l'énergie du rayonnement.  2, record 1, French, - spectrom%C3%A8tre%20X%20%C3%A0%20dispersion%20d%27%C3%A9nergie

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[...] la composition chimique de la kaolinite, elle est déterminée en microscopie électronique à transmission à l'aide d'un spectromètre X à sélection d'énergie.  3, record 1, French, - spectrom%C3%A8tre%20X%20%C3%A0%20dispersion%20d%27%C3%A9nergie

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

spectromètre X à dispersion d'énergie; EDS : désignations et définition normalisées par l'ISO.  4, record 1, French, - spectrom%C3%A8tre%20X%20%C3%A0%20dispersion%20d%27%C3%A9nergie

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cuando el análisis se realiza midiendo la longitud de onda del rayo X , se utiliza el espectrómetro por dispersión de longitud de onda de rayos X (WDS), que consta de cristales de difracción que separarán los rayos X emitidos por la muestra de acuerdo con su longitud de onda. Cuando se mide la energía del rayo X, se utiliza el espectrómetro por dispersión de energía de rayos X (EDS) […]  1, record 1, Spanish, - espectr%C3%B3metro%20por%20dispersi%C3%B3n%20de%20energ%C3%ADa%20de%20rayos%20X

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The distance between the source of the X-ray beam(the tube target) and the IR [image receptor] is referred to as the source-image distance(SID). This distance is a prime factor of exposure because it affects the intensity of the X-ray beam.  1, record 2, English, - source%2Dimage%20distance

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Distancia entre el punto focal y la superficie del receptor de imagen.  1, record 2, Spanish, - distancia%20fuente%2Dimagen

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If we have three equal path lengths of an x-ray beam through three different types of tissue, muscle, bone and blood, that are the same depths, the emergent beam(given that the entry beam to all tissues is of equal intensity) from bone will be attenuated to a greater extent than the beam through either muscle or through blood.  1, record 3, English, - exit%20beam

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsqu'un faisceau homogène de rayons X traverse le corps humain, le faisceau émergent présente des inhomogénéités qui reflètent la forme et la nature des tissus traversés.  2, record 3, French, - faisceau%20%C3%A9mergent

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In X-ray fluorescence analysis, the variation of the intensity of the scattered, diffracted or excited radiation with the grain size of the specimen(powdered or polycrystalline).  1, record 4, English, - grain%20size%20effect

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Neutron reflectometry is a laboratory technique, similar to the often complementary techniques of X-ray reflectivity and ellipsometry. The technique involves shining a highly collimated beam of neutrons onto an extremely flat surface and examining the intensity of reflected radiation as a function of angle.  2, record 5, English, - neutron%20reflectometry

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est important de caractériser la structure atomique et magnétique [des] couches [magnétiques]. La réflectométrie neutronique est un outil particulièrement puissant : en effet la polarisation d'un faisceau de neutrons polarisés va être modifiée par la réflexion par les couches magnétiques. Un analyseur de la polarisation après réflexion va permettre de déterminer les courbes de réflectivité pour des états de spin parallèles ou antiparallèles.  1, record 5, French, - r%C3%A9flectom%C3%A9trie%20neutronique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A peak in the scattering pattern in X-ray diffraction of a crystal.  1, record 6, English, - Bragg%20peak

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The intensity of Bragg peaks is proportional to the square of the number of the scatterers. If X-ray scattering from a solid produces Bragg peaks this indicates that the solid has long-range order.  1, record 6, English, - Bragg%20peak

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En résumé, lorsqu'un rayonnement (neutrons ou rayons X) interagit avec une poudre ou un polycristal la diffusion se produit sous forme de pics (de Bragg) dont la position angulaire est caractéristique de la géométrie de la maille cristalline élémentaire et dont l'intensité dépend de la nature et de la répartition des atomes dans cette maille (le motif).  1, record 6, French, - pic%20de%20Bragg

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In X-ray topography, a crystal is illuminated using a highly parallel monochromatic X-ray beam and the diffraction pattern is recorded using fine-grain film placed very close to the crystal. Under these illumination conditions, the diffraction from different points in the crystal is spatially resolved at the film, and the diffraction spots provide images of the crystal. Image contrast results from variations in the diffracted intensity due to variations in lattice orientation and spacing associated with crystal defects and strains. X-ray topography probes bulk crystal perfection with a spatial resolution of a few micrometers.  2, record 7, English, - topography

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode de visualisation des défauts d'ordre dans les cristaux, grâce aux perturbations qu'ils induisent sur les figures de diffraction des rayons X.  2, record 7, French, - topographie

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Le mot «topographie» rappelle la cartographie et la représentation symbolique des défauts de planéité du terrain.  3, record 7, French, - topographie

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

note linguistique : Ce terme devrait être caractérisé (Ex. : topographie des cristaux) pour éviter de le confondre avec la notion de topographie dans le domaine de la cartographie.  2, record 7, French, - topographie

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

X-ray powder diffraction is used in the identification of crystalline phases in unknown samples, finding the lattice parameter and other lattice related information, quantitative determination of phases in multiphase samples, finding the orientation in single crystals, and stereographic projections. The samples must be crystalline solids such as metals, ceramics, rocks etc. These samples are usually about 1 mg in size. If the sample fits in the sample holder then there is no preparation necessary otherwise the sample may have to be crushed in order to fit. The sample takes less than one hour to be analyzed for qualitative analysis in major phases and up to 16 hours for trace phases. The quantitative analysis can take several minutes to several hours after set up. There are several detectors used in XRPD varying from films to cameras to diffractometers.  1, record 8, English, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Powder X-Ray Diffraction. Powders of crystalline materials diffract X-Rays. A beam of X-rays passing through a sample of randomly-oriented micro-crystals produces a pattern of rings on a distant screen. Powder X-Ray diffraction provides less information than single-crystal diffraction, however, it is much simpler and faster. Powder X-Ray diffraction is useful for confirming the identity of a solid material and determining crystallinity and phase purity. Modern powder X-Ray diffractometers consist of an X-Ray source, a movable sample platform, an X-Ray detector, and associated computer-controlled electronics. The sample is either packed into a shallow cup-shaped holder or deposited as a slurry onto a quartz substrate, and the sample holder spins slowly during the experiment to reduce sample heating. The X-Ray source is usually the same as used in single-crystal diffractometers, Mo or Cu. The X-Ray beam is fixed and the sample platform rotates with respect to the beam by an angle theta. The detector rotates at twice the rate of the sample and is at an angle of 2 theta with respect to the incoming X-Ray beam.  4, record 8, English, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Fine particles such as clays must be separated from larger particles and measured separately if they are to be detected properly. To reduce errors associated with preferred orientation of minerals, samples are most commonly ground to a powder before analysis, a technique known as powder X-ray diffraction.  4, record 8, English, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 4 CONT

X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) is a direct method for qualitative and quantitative characterization of fine-grained materials such as clinker and cement, and may also be used for analysis of raw materials. Each phase produces a unique diffraction pattern independent of others, with the intensity of each pattern proportional to that phases concentration in a mixture.  5, record 8, English, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Diffraction de rayons sur poudres : analyse quantitative de composés modèles du ciment anhydre. [...] Ce stage sera consacré à la caractérisation par diffraction des rayons X de mélanges d'alites de synthèse M1 et M3. La méthode expérimentale utilisée sera la diffraction des rayons X sur poudres jointe aux autres méthodes de laboratoire associées.  1, record 8, French, - diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X%20sur%20poudres

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

À l'aide de la diffraction de rayons X de poudres, différentes formes polymorphiques peuvent être détectées pour des molécules à activité pharmacologique.  2, record 8, French, - diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X%20sur%20poudres

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Essentially all X-ray measurements are made by photon counting techniques but the results are seldom converted to radiant flux or irradiance or radiant exposure. The term photon flux would be appropriate if the measurements were corrected for detector efficiency but this is seldom done for X-ray chemical analysis. Therefore the term X-ray intensity, is commonly used and expressed as photons/unit time detected.  1, record 9, English, - X%2Dray%20intensity

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Essentiellement, toutes les mesures de rayonnements x sont faites au moyen de techniques de comptage des photons; toutefois, les résultats sont rarement convertis en flux de radiation ou en irradiance ou en exposition à la radiation. L'expression «flux photonique» serait appropriée si les mesures étaient corrigées pour l'efficacité du détecteur, mais ceci est rarement fait pour l'analyse chimique des rayonnements x. On utilise donc couramment l'expression «intensité des rayons x», et cette intensité est exprimée en photons détectés par unité de temps.  1, record 9, French, - intensit%C3%A9%20des%20rayons%20x

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Essentially all X-ray measurements are made by photon counting techniques but the results are seldom converted to radiant flux or irradiance or radiant exposure. The term photon flux would be appropriate if the measurements were corrected for detector efficiency but this is seldom done for X-ray chemical analysis.... the term relative X-ray intensity, is used to mean the intensity for the analyte in an unknown specimen divided by the intensity for a known concentration of the analyte element.  1, record 10, English, - relative%20X%2Dray%20intensity

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Essentiellement, toutes les mesures de rayonnements x sont faites au moyen de techniques de comptage des photons; toutefois, les résultats sont rarement convertis en flux de radiation ou en irradiance ou en exposition à la radiation. L'expression «flux photonique» serait appropriée si les mesures étaient corrigées pour l'efficacité du détecteur, mais ceci est rarement fait pour l'analyse chimique des rayonnements x. [...] on utilise l'expression «intensité relative des rayons x», pour un produit à analyser contenu dans un échantillon divisé par l'intensité pour une concentration connue de l'élément à analyser.  1, record 10, French, - intensit%C3%A9%20relative%20des%20rayons%20x

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Phototimers contain a fluorescent material which emits light when exposed to the x-ray beam. The light is directed toward a photocathode which emits electrons when struck by light. The number of electrons emitted is proportional to the brightness of the light which in turn is proportional to the x-ray intensity striking the fluorescent screen. This flow of electrons is amplified in a photomultiplier and... automatically terminates the exposure when a predetermined exposure has been reached.  2, record 11, English, - exposer%20timer

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositif de détermination et de commande automatique du temps de pose en radiographie.  1, record 11, French, - photominuterie

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Termes et définition tirés de la norme NF-C74-100, 1972.  1, record 11, French, - photominuterie

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish